List of Soviet computer systems explained

This is the list of Soviet computer systems. The Russian abbreviation EVM (ЭВМ), present in some of the names below, means “electronic computing machine” (Russian: электронная вычислительная машина).

List of hardware

The Russian abbreviation EVM (ЭВМ), present in some of the names below, means “electronic computing machine” (Russian: электронная вычислительная машина).

Ministry of Radio Technology

Computer systems from the Ministry of Radio Technology:^[1]

• Agat (Агат) — Apple II clone
• ES EVM (ЕС ЭВМ), IBM mainframe clone
• ES PEVM (ЕС ПЭВМ), IBM PC compatible
• M series — series of mainframes and mini-computers
• Minsk (Минск)
• Poisk (Поиск) — IBM PC-XT clone
• Setun (Сетунь) — unique balanced ternary computer.
• Strela (Стрела)
• Ural (Урал) — mainframe series
• Vector-06C (Вектор-06Ц)

Ministry of Instrument Making

Computer systems from the Ministry of Instrument Making:^[1]

• Aragats (Арагац)
• Iskra (Искра) — common name for many computers with different architecture
  • Iskra-1030 — Intel 8086 XT clone
• KVM-1 (КВМ-1)
• SM EVM (СМ ЭВМ) — most models were PDP-11 clones, while some others were HP 2100, VAX or Intel compatible

Ministry of the Electronics Industry

Computer systems from the Ministry of Electronics Industry:^[1]

• Elektronika (Электроника) family
  • DVK family (ДВК) — PDP-11 clones
  • Elektronika BK-0010 (БК-0010, БК-0011) — LSI-11 clone home computer
  • UKNC (УКНЦ) — educational, PDP11-like
  • Elektronika 60, Elektronika 100
  • Elektronika 85 — Clone of DEC Professional (computer) 350 (F11)
  • Elektronika 85.1 — Clone of DEC Professional (computer) 380 (J11)
  • Elektronika D3-28
  • Elektronika SS BIS (Электроника СС БИС) — Cray clone

Soviet Academy of Sciences

• BESM (БЭСМ) — series of mainframes
• Besta (Беста) — Unix box, Motorola 68020-based, Sun-3 clone
• Elbrus (Эльбрус) — high-end mainframe series
• Kronos (Кронос)
• MESM (МЭСМ) — first Soviet Union computer (1950)
• M-1 — one of the earliest stored program computers (1950–1951)

ZX Spectrum clones

• • ATM Turbo Dubna 48K - running at half the speed of the original
    • Hobbit Pentagon Radon 'Z'
• Scorpion

Other

• 5E** (5Э**) series - military computers
  • 5E51 (5Э51)
  • 5E53 (5Э53)
  • 5E76 (5Э76) - IBM/360 clone, military version
  • 5E92 (5Э92)
  • 5E92b (5Э92б)
• A series — ES EVM-compatible military computers
• Argon — a series of military real-time computers
• AS-6 (АС-6) - multiprocessor computing complex, name is Russian abbreviation for "Connection Equipment - 6"
• Dnepr (Днепр)
• GVS-100 (ГВС-100, Гибридная Вичислителная Система) - Hybrid Computer System
• Irisha (Ириша)
• Juku (Юку) — Estonian school computer
• Kiev (Киев)
• Korvet (Корвет)
• Krista (Криста)
• Micro-80 (Микро-80) — experimental PC, based on 8080-compatible processor
• Microsha (Микроша) — modification of Radio-86RK
• MIR, МИР
• Nairi (Наири)
• Orion-128 (Орион-128)
• Promin (Проминь)
• PS-2000, PS-3000 — multiprocessor supercomputers in the 1980s
• Razdan (Раздан)
• Radon — real-time computer, designed for anti-aircraft defense
• Radio-86RK — simplified and modified version of Micro-80
• Sneg^[2] (Снег)
• Specialist (Специалист)
• SVS
• TsUM-1 (ЦУМ-1)
• TIA-MC-1 An arcade system
• UM (УМ)
• UT-88
• Vesna and Sneg^[2] — early mainframes

List of operating systems

• For Kronos
  • Kronos^[3]
• For BESM
  • D-68 (Д-68, Диспетчер-68, Dispatcher-68)
  • DISPAK (“Диспетчер Пакетов,” Dispatcher of the Packets)
  • DUBNA (“ДУБНА”)
• For ES EVM
  • DOS/ES (“Disk Operation system for ES EVM”)
  • OS/ES (“Disk Operation system for ES EVM”)
• For SM EVM
  • RAFOS (РАФОС), FOBOS (ФОБОС) and FODOS (ФОДОС) — RT-11 clones
  • OSRV (ОСРВ) — RSX-11M clone, one of the most popular Soviet multi-user systems
  • DEMOS — BSD-based Unix-like; later was ported to x86 and some other architectures
  • INMOS (ИНМОС, Инструментальная мобильная операционная система)
• For 8-bit microcomputers
  • MicroDOS (МикроДОС) — CP/M 2.2 clone
• For ZX Spectrum clones
  • iS-DOS, TASiS
  • DNA-OS
• For different platforms
  • MISS (Multipurpose Interactive timeSharing System) - ES EVM ES1010, ES EVM ES1045, D3-28M, PC-compatible, etc.
• MOS (operating system) - a Soviet clone of Unix in the 1980s

See also

• History of computing in the Soviet Union
• List of Soviet microprocessors
• List of Russian IT developers
• List of Russian microprocessors
• Internet in Russia

External links

• Russian Virtual Computer Museum
• Museum of the USSR Computers history
• Pioneers of Soviet Computing
• Archive software and documentation for Soviet computers UK-NC, DVK and BK0010.

Notes and References

1. Judy. Richard W.. Clough. Robert W.. Soviet Computers in the 1980s: A Review of the Hardware. Advances in Computers. 1989. 29. 251–330. 10.1016/S0065-2458(08)60535-5. 9780120121298.
2. Web site: Электронные вычислительные машины "Весна" и "Снег".. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20060901041711/http://www.computer-museum.ru/histussr/vesna.htm. 2006-09-01.
3. Web site: Google Code Archive - Long-term storage for Google Code Project Hosting.. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20100828085610/http://code.google.com/p/kronos/. 2010-08-28.