National Parks of Poland explained

See main article: Protected areas of Poland. There are 23 national parks in Poland. These were formerly run by the Polish Board of National Parks (Polish: Krajowy Zarząd Parków Narodowych), but in 2004 responsibility for their management was transferred to what is now the Ministry of Climate and the Environment. Most national parks are divided into strictly and partially protected zones. They currently encompass around 186000 hectares of forest, or around 2% of all the country's woodlands.[1]

Polish national parks have carried out numerous research programs and they play an important role in the ecological education. The national parks can be visited as they provide a well-developed tourism infrastructure, though visitors typically need to keep to designated areas such as trails. Many parks furthermore offer thematic trails, educational centres and natural history museums.

Legal basis and governance of Poland's national parks

In order to become a national park, an area needs to be at least 1000 hectares in size and have outstanding environmental and cultural value. The ecosystems in the park need to be in their natural state—or close to it. National parks usually play host to several "valuable" species; usually rare or protected ones.[2]

The area of a national park is divided into different zones using separate methods of conservation. There are strict protection zones, as well as active and landscape-related ones. Additionally, they are usually surrounded by a protective buffer zone called otulina.[3] Human activity is also heavily restricted within the park itself, with strict conservation rules in place. There are also significant restrictions on what can be done within the buffer zones.

Poland's national parks are governed by the Nature Conservation Act, last amended in 2004,[4] [5] and they are funded from the central state budget. Each park is managed by a director, who works closely with an oversight board. They are further supervised by the Ministry of Climate and Environment.[6]

List of Poland's national parks

Landscape belts
width=33% Baltic Sea coastwidth=33% Lowland beltwidth=33% Sudete Mountains
Lake beltUpland beltCarpathian Mountains
ImageName
Name originSeatLocationArea (km²)YearSymbolUNESCO statusNeighboring national parks
Babia Góra National Park
Babia Góra MassifZawoja49.5833°N 51°W33.92[7] 1954align=center Laserpitium archangelica
Laserpitium archangelica
Biosphere reserveHorná Orava Protected Landscape Area, Slovakia
Białowieża National Park
Białowieża (village) and Białowieża ForestBiałowieża52.6667°N 73°W105.02[8] 1932align=center Wisent
European bison
World Heritage Site, biosphere reserveBelavezhskaya Pushcha National Park, Belarus
Biebrza National Park
Biebrza RiverOsowiec-Twierdza53.5833°N 68°W592.231993align=center Ruff
Ruff
Biosphere reserve
Bieszczady National Park
Bieszczady MountainsUstrzyki Górne49.1°N 62°W292.011973align=center Lynx
Lynx
Biosphere reservePoloniny National Park, Slovakia
Tuchola Forest National Park
Tuchola ForestCharzykowy53.6°N 18°W47.981996align=center Capercaillie
Western capercaillie
Drawno National Park
Drawa RiverDrawno53.1167°N 31°W114.411990align=center Otter
Otter
Gorce National Park
Gorce MountainsPoręba Wielka49.5667°N 30°W70.291981align=center Fire salamander
Fire salamander
Kampinos National Park
Kampinos (village) and Kampinos ForestIzabelin C52.3167°N 48°W385.441959align=center Moose
European elk
Biosphere reserve
Karkonosze National Park
Karkonosze (Giant Mountains)Jelenia Góra50.7667°N 52°W55.761959align=center Mountain
Campanula bohemica and Gentiana asclepiadea
Biosphere reserveKrkonošský NP, Czech Republic
Magura National Park
Magura Wątkowska massifKrempna49.5167°N 52°W194.391995align=center Buzzard
Lesser spotted eagle
Narew National Park
Narew RiverKurowo53.0667°N 75°W68.11996align=center Marsh harrier
Western marsh harrier
Ojców National Park
Ojców (village)Ojców50.2167°N 69°W21.461956align=center Bat
Bat
Pieniny National Park
Pieniny MountainsKrościenko nad Dunajcem49.4167°N 42°W23.461932align=center Trzy Korony
Trzy Korony Mountain and the Dunajec River
Pieninský NP, Slovakia
Polesie National Park
Polesie regionUrszulin51.45°N 32°W 97.621990align=center Crane
Common crane
Biosphere reserveShatskyy NP, Ukraine
Roztocze National Park
Roztocze (range of hills)Zwierzyniec50.6°N 24°W84.831974align=center Konik
Konik
Slovincian National Park
Slovincian tribeSmołdzino54.6667°N 30°W186.18 1967align=center Seagull
Seagull
Biosphere reserve
Stołowe Mountains National Park
Stołowe MountainsKudowa-Zdrój50.4667°N 36°W63.401993Sandstone
Szczeliniec Wielki
Świętokrzyski National Park
Świętokrzyskie MountainsBodzentyn50.8667°N 78°W76.261950Deer
Deer
Tatra National Park
Tatra MountainsZakopane49.25°N 75°W211.641954Tatra chamois
Tatra chamois
Biosphere reserveTatra National Park, Slovakia
Warta Mouth National Park
Warta mouthChyrzyno52.5833°N 56°W80.382001
Tundra bean goose
Wielkopolska National Park
Greater Poland regionJeziory52.2833°N 67°W75.84 1957Owl
Tawny owl
Wigry National Park
Wigry LakeKrzywe54.0333°N 29°W150.86 1989align=center Beaver
Beaver and Wigry Lake
Wolin National Park
Wolin IslandMisdroy53.9167°N 44°W109.371960align=center White-tailed eagle
White-tailed eagle

Museums in national parks

See also

Sources

Legal documents

Ordinances issued by the Polish Council of Ministers, establishing individual national parks (all in Polish, in PDF format).

Websites

Official websites of individual national parks

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Grygoruk . Andrzej . 2020-01-03 . Jak wygląda zarządzanie parkiem narodowym . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221206174005/https://informacje.pan.pl/informacje/materialy-dla-prasy/2863-jak-wyglada-zarzadzanie-parkiem-narodowym . 2022-12-06 . PAN (Polish Academy of Sciences) . pl.
  2. Web site: Wiśniowska . Joanna . Lazarus . Magdalena . 2022-05-27 . W Polsce mamy 23 parki narodowe, dwa z nich są na Pomorzu. "To wyjątkowe przestrzenie" . 2023-10-28 . Wyborcza.pl.
  3. Web site: Kepel . Andrzej . 2006-04-02 . Otuliny jednak trochę chronione . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150421121445/http://www.salamandra.org.pl/component/content/article/36-prawo/132-otuliny-jednak-troch-chronione.html?directory=177 . 2015-04-21 . 2023-10-28 . www.salamandra.org.pl . pl.
  4. Tekst ustawy z dnia 16 kwietnia 2004 r. o ochronie przyrody (Dz. U. z 2009 r. Nr 151, poz. 1220)
  5. Web site: Projekt ustawy o parkach narodowych - Kancelaria Prezesa Rady Ministrów - Portal Gov.pl . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230604012950/https://www.gov.pl/web/premier/projekt-ustawy-o-parkach-narodowych2 . 2023-06-04 . 2023-10-28 . Kancelaria Prezesa Rady Ministrów . pl-PL.
  6. Web site: 2021-08-31 . Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska przygotowuje pakiet zmian dla parków narodowych . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211202043244/https://www.teraz-srodowisko.pl/aktualnosci/mkis-polskie-parki-narodowe-kurtyka-golinska-10780.html . 2021-12-02 . 2023-10-28 . Teraz-Środowisko . pl.
  7. Dz.U. 1997 nr 99 poz. 608
  8. Dz.U. 1996 nr 93 poz. 424