The following table is a list of the 31 federal states of Mexico plus Mexico City, ranked in order of their total population based on data from the last three National Population Census in 2020, 2010 and 2000.
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| Rank | State | Population (2020)[1] | Population (2010)[2] | Population (2000)[3] | |
| 1 | 16,992,418 | 15,175,862 | 13,096,686 | ||
| 2 | 9,209,944 | 8,851,080 | 8,605,239 | ||
| 3 | 8,348,151 | 7,350,682 | 6,322,002 | ||
| 4 | 8,062,579 | 7,643,194 | 6,908,975 | ||
| 5 | 6,583,278 | 5,779,829 | 5,076,686 | ||
| 6 | 6,166,934 | 5,486,372 | 4,663,032 | ||
| 7 | 5,784,442 | 4,653,458 | 3,834,141 | ||
| 8 | 5,543,828 | 4,796,580 | 3,920,892 | ||
| 9 | 4,748,846 | 4,351,037 | 4,384,471 | ||
| 10 | 4,132,148 | 3,801,962 | 3,438,765 | ||
| 11 | 3,769,020 | 3,155,070 | 2,487,367 | ||
| 12 | 3,741,869 | 3,406,465 | 3,052,907 | ||
| 13 | 3,540,685 | 3,388,768 | 3,079,649 | ||
| 14 | 3,527,735 | 3,268,554 | 2,753,222 | ||
| 15 | 3,146,771 | 2,748,391 | 2,298,070 | ||
| 16 | 3,082,841 | 2,665,018 | 2,235,591 | ||
| 17 | 3,026,943 | 2,767,761 | 2,536,844 | ||
| 18 | 2,944,840 | 2,662,480 | 2,216,969 | ||
| 19 | 2,822,255 | 2,585,518 | 2,299,360 | ||
| 20 | 2,402,598 | 2,238,603 | 1,891,829 | ||
| 21 | 2,368,467 | 1,827,937 | 1,404,306 | ||
| 22 | 2,320,898 | 1,955,577 | 1,658,210 | ||
| 23 | 1,971,520 | 1,777,227 | 1,555,296 | ||
| 24 | 1,857,985 | 1,325,578 | 874,963 | ||
| 25 | 1,832,650 | 1,632,934 | 1,448,661 | ||
| 26 | 1,622,138 | 1,490,668 | 1,353,610 | ||
| 27 | 1,425,607 | 1,184,996 | 944,285 | ||
| 28 | 1,342,977 | 1,169,936 | 962,646 | ||
| 29 | 1,235,456 | 1,084,979 | 920,185 | ||
| 30 | 928,363 | 822,441 | 690,689 | ||
| 31 | 798,447 | 637,026 | 424,041 | ||
| 32 | 731,391 | 650,555 | 542,627 | ||
| Total | 126,014,024 | 112,336,538 | 97,483,412 | ||