The Mediterranean countries are those that surround the Mediterranean Sea or located within the Mediterranean Basin.[1] Twenty sovereign countries in Southern Europe, Western Asia and North Africa regions border the sea itself, two island nations completely located in it (Malta and Cyprus), in addition to two British Overseas Territories (Gibraltar in the west and Akrotiri & Dhekelia in the east).
While not having a coastline in the Mediterranean, Portugal, Andorra, San Marino, Vatican City, Kosovo, Serbia, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Jordan are sometimes included on the list of Mediterranean countries, in a climate (biogeography) context.[2] [3] Such classification is mostly based on their geographical, economic, geopolitical, historical, ethnic and cultural (language, art, music, cuisine) ties to the region as a whole. Other factors include climate and flora.
Below is the list of the countries and territories bordering the Mediterranean, listed clockwise from Gibraltar on the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula:
Southern European coast, from west to east
Spain
Gibraltar[4] (British Overseas Territory)
France[4]
Monaco[4]
Italy[4]
Malta[4]
Slovenia[4]
Croatia[4]
Bosnia and Herzegovina[4]
Montenegro[4]
Albania[4]
Greece[4]
Cyprus
Turkey (East Thrace)Western Asian coast, from north to south
Turkey (Anatolia) Cyprus
Israel
Egypt (Sinai Peninsula)[4]Northern African coast, from east to west
Below is the list of the countries and territories in the biogeographical Mediterranean Basin.
Southern Europe
Portugal Spain[4] Gibraltar[5] (British Overseas Territory) France[4] Monaco[4] Italy[4] Malta[4] Slovenia[4] Croatia[4] Bosnia and Herzegovina[4] Montenegro[4] Albania[4] Greece[4] Cyprus TurkeyWestern Asia
Northern Africa
Lebanon
Libya
Tunisia
Algeria
Morocco