List of governors of Maryland explained

The governor of Maryland is the head of government of the U.S. state of Maryland and is the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.^[1] The governor is the highest-ranking official in the state, and the constitutional powers of Maryland's governors make them among the most powerful governors in the United States.^[2]

The current governor is Democrat Wes Moore, who took office on January 18, 2023.^[3]

Governors

Maryland was one of the original Thirteen Colonies and was admitted as a state on April 28, 1788.^[4] Before it declared its independence, Maryland was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain.

Under the constitution of 1776, governors were appointed by the General Assembly legislature to one-year terms. They could be reelected for two additional terms, though they must take four years off after leaving office. An 1838 constitutional amendment allowed for popular election of governors to three-year terms, though they could not succeed themselves. The 1851 constitution removed the term limit, and lengthened terms to four years, to commence on the second Wednesday of January following the election. Governors were limited to two consecutive terms beginning in 1948.^[5]

The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1864, abolished in 1867, and recreated in 1970. The lieutenant governor succeeds to the office of governor should it become vacant. In the original constitution, the first named of the Governor's Council would act as governor if it were vacant, until a new governor was selected; this was changed to the secretary of state in 1837.^[6] The 1867 constitution originally called for the General Assembly to immediately elect a new governor; if they were not in session, the president of the Senate would act as governor until one was elected.^[7]

!scope="colgroup" colspan="3"

Governor	Term in office	Party	Election	Lt. Governor
1			Thomas Johnson ^[8] ^[9]	^[10]  - November 12, 1779	No party	1777	Office did not exist
						1778
2			Thomas Sim Lee ^[11] ^[12]	^[13]  - November 22, 1782	No party	1779
						1780
						1781
3			William Paca ^[14] ^[15]	^[16]  - November 26, 1785	No party	1782
						1783
						1784
4			William Smallwood ^[17]	^[18]  - November 27, 1788	No party	1785
						1786
						1787
5			John Eager Howard ^[19] ^[20]	^[21]  - November 14, 1791	Federalist	1788
						1789
						1790
6	data-sort-value="Plater, George"			George Plater ^[22] ^[23]	^[24]  - February 10, 1792	Federalist			1791
—	data-sort-value="Brice, James"			James Brice ^[25]	^[26]  - April 5, 1792	Federalist
2			Thomas Sim Lee	^[27]  - November 17, 1794	Federalist	1792
						1793
7			John Hoskins Stone ^[28] ^[29]	^[30]  - November 28, 1797	Federalist	1794
						1795
						1796
8	data-sort-value="Henry, John"			John Henry ^[31] ^[32]	^[33]  - November 14, 1798	Federalist			1797
9			Benjamin Ogle ^[34] ^[35]	^[36]  - November 10, 1801	Federalist	1798
						1799
						1800
10			John Francis Mercer ^[37] ^[38]	^[39]  - November 13, 1803	Democratic- Republican	1801
						1802
11			Robert Bowie ^[40] ^[41]	^[42]  - November 12, 1806	Democratic- Republican	1803
						1804
						1805
12			Robert Wright ^[43] ^[44]	^[45]  - May 6, 1809	Democratic- Republican	1806
						1807
						1808
—	data-sort-value="Butcher, James"			James Butcher	^[46]  - June 9, 1809	Democratic- Republican
13			Edward Lloyd ^[47] ^[48]	^[49]  - November 16, 1811	Democratic- Republican	June 1809
						Nov. 1809
						1810
11	data-sort-value="Bowie, Robert"			Robert Bowie	^[50]  - November 23, 1812	Democratic- Republican			1811
14			Levin Winder ^[51] ^[52]	^[53]  - January 2, 1816	Federalist	1812
						1813
						1814
15			Charles Carnan Ridgely ^[54] ^[55]	^[56]  - January 8, 1819	Federalist	1815
						1816
						1817
16	data-sort-value="Goldsborough, Charles"			Charles Goldsborough ^[57] ^[58]	^[59]  - December 20, 1819	Federalist			1818
17			Samuel Sprigg ^[60] ^[61]	^[62]  - December 16, 1822	Democratic- Republican	1819
						1820
						1821
18			Samuel Stevens Jr. ^[63] ^[64]	^[65]  - January 9, 1826	Democratic- Republican	1822
						1823
						1824
19			Joseph Kent ^[66] ^[67]	^[68]  - January 15, 1829	Democratic- Republican	1826
						1827
						1828
20	data-sort-value="Martin, Daniel"			Daniel Martin ^[69] ^[70]	^[71]  - January 15, 1830	Anti-Jacksonian			1829
21	data-sort-value="Carroll, Thomas"			Thomas King Carroll ^[72] ^[73]	^[74]  - January 13, 1831	Jacksonian			1830
20	data-sort-value="Martin, Daniel"			Daniel Martin	^[75]  - July 11, 1831	Anti-Jacksonian			1831
22		George Howard ^[76] ^[77]		^[78]  - January 17, 1833	Anti-Jacksonian
						1832
23		James Thomas ^[79] ^[80]		^[81]  - January 14, 1836	Anti-Jacksonian	1833
						1834
						1835
24			Thomas Veazey ^[82] ^[83]	^[84]  - January 7, 1839	Whig	1836
						1837
						Jan. 1838
25	data-sort-value="Grason, William"			William Grason ^[85] ^[86]	^[87]  - January 3, 1842	Democratic	Oct. 1838
26	data-sort-value="Thomas, Francis"			Francis Thomas ^[88] ^[89]	^[90]  - January 6, 1845	Democratic	1841
27	data-sort-value="Pratt, Thomas"			Thomas Pratt ^[91] ^[92]	^[93]  - January 3, 1848	Whig	1844
28	data-sort-value="Thomas, Philip"			Philip Francis Thomas ^[94] ^[95]	^[96]  - January 6, 1851	Democratic	1847
29	data-sort-value="Lowe, Enoch"			Enoch Louis Lowe ^[97] ^[98]	^[99]  - January 11, 1854	Democratic	1850
30	data-sort-value="Ligon, Thomas"			Thomas Watkins Ligon ^[100] ^[101]	^[102]  - January 13, 1858	Democratic	1853
31	data-sort-value="Hicks, Thomas"			Thomas Holliday Hicks ^[103] ^[104]	^[105]  - January 8, 1862	American	1857
32	data-sort-value="Bradford, Augustus"			Augustus Bradford ^[106] ^[107]	^[108]  - January 10, 1866	Union	1861
33	data-sort-value="Swann, Thomas"			Thomas Swann ^[109] ^[110]	- January 13, 1869	Union	1864
34	data-sort-value="Bowie, Oden"			Oden Bowie ^[111] ^[112]	^[113]  - January 10, 1872	Democratic	1867	Office did not exist
35	data-sort-value="Whyte, William"			William Pinkney Whyte ^[114] ^[115]	^[116]  - March 4, 1874	Democratic	1871
36	data-sort-value="Groome, James"			James Black Groome ^[117] ^[118]	^[119]  - January 12, 1876	Democratic
37	data-sort-value="Carroll, John"			John Lee Carroll ^[120] ^[121]	^[122]  - January 14, 1880	Democratic	1875
38	data-sort-value="Hamilton, William"			William Thomas Hamilton ^[123] ^[124]	^[125]  - January 9, 1884	Democratic	1879
39	data-sort-value="McLane, Robert"			Robert Milligan McLane ^[126] ^[127]	^[128]  - March 27, 1885	Democratic	1883
40	data-sort-value="Lloyd, Henry"			Henry Lloyd ^[129] ^[130]	^[131]  - January 11, 1888	Democratic
41	data-sort-value="Jackson, Elihu"			Elihu Emory Jackson ^[132] ^[133]	^[134]  - January 13, 1892	Democratic	1887
42	data-sort-value="Brown, Frank"			Frank Brown ^[135] ^[136]	^[137]  - January 8, 1896	Democratic	1891
43	data-sort-value="Lowndes, Lloyd"			Lloyd Lowndes Jr. ^[138] ^[139]	^[140]  - January 10, 1900	Republican	1895
44	data-sort-value="Smith, John"			John Walter Smith ^[141] ^[142]	^[143]  - January 13, 1904	Democratic	1899
45	data-sort-value="Warfield, Edwin"			Edwin Warfield ^[144] ^[145]	^[146]  - January 8, 1908	Democratic	1903
46	data-sort-value="Crothers, Austin"			Austin Lane Crothers ^[147] ^[148]	^[149]  - January 10, 1912	Democratic	1907
47	data-sort-value="Goldsborough, Phillips"			Phillips Lee Goldsborough ^[150] ^[151]	^[152]  - January 12, 1916	Republican	1911
48	data-sort-value="Harrington, Emerson"			Emerson Harrington ^[153] ^[154]	^[155]  - January 14, 1920	Democratic	1915
49		Albert Ritchie ^[156] ^[157]		^[158]  - January 9, 1935	Democratic	1919
						1923
						1926
						1930
50	data-sort-value="Nice, Harry"			Harry Nice ^[159] ^[160]	^[161]  - January 11, 1939	Republican	1934
51			Herbert O'Conor ^[162] ^[163]	^[164]  - January 3, 1947	Democratic	1938
						1942
52			William Preston Lane Jr. ^[165] ^[166]	- January 10, 1951	Democratic
						1946
53			Theodore McKeldin ^[167] ^[168]	^[169]  - January 14, 1959	Republican	1950
						1954
54			J. Millard Tawes ^[170] ^[171]	^[172]  - January 25, 1967	Democratic	1958
						1962
55	data-sort-value="Agnew, Spiro"			Spiro Agnew ^[173] ^[174]	^[175]  - January 7, 1969	Republican	1966
56			Marvin Mandel ^[176] ^[177]	^[178]  - January 17, 1979	Democratic	1969
						1970
						1974
—	data-sort-value="Lee, Blair"			Blair Lee III ^[179] ^[180]	- January 15, 1979	Democratic			Acting as governor
57			Harry Hughes ^[181] ^[182]	^[183]  - January 21, 1987	Democratic	1978
						1982
58			William Donald Schaefer ^[184] ^[185]	^[186]  - January 18, 1995	Democratic	1986
						1990
59			Parris Glendening ^[187] ^[188]	^[189]  - January 15, 2003	Democratic	1994
						1998
60	data-sort-value="Ehrlich, Bob"			Bob Ehrlich ^[190] ^[191]	^[192]  - January 17, 2007	Republican	2002
61			Martin O'Malley ^[193] ^[194]	^[195]  - January 21, 2015	Democratic	2006
						2010
62			Larry Hogan ^[196] ^[197]	^[198]  - January 18, 2023	Republican	2014
						2018
63	data-sort-value="Moore, Wes"			Wes Moore ^[199] ^[200]	^[201]  - Incumbent	Democratic	2022

See also

• Gubernatorial lines of succession in the United States#Maryland
• List of Maryland General Assemblies

References

General

• Web site: Former Maryland Governors . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
• Book: Sobel, Robert . Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. II . Meckler Books . 1978 . 9780930466008 . February 27, 2023.
• Book: Dubin, Michael J. . United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County . 2003 . McFarland . 978-0-7864-1439-0.
• Book: Dubin, Michael J. . United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861-1911: The Official Results by State and County . 2014 . McFarland . 978-0-7864-5646-8 . en.
• Book: Kallenbach, Joseph Ernest . American State Governors, 1776-1976 . 1977 . Oceana Publications . 978-0-379-00665-0 . September 23, 2023.
• Book: Glashan, Roy R. . American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978 . 1979 . Meckler Books . 978-0-930466-17-6.
• Web site: Governors of Maryland . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
• Web site: Our Campaigns - Governor of Maryland - History . 2023-07-25 . www.ourcampaigns.com.

Specific

External links

• Office of the Governor of Maryland

Notes and References

1. Web site: January 7, 2021 . Maryland Governor – Origin & Functions . January 12, 2021 . Maryland Manual Online . Maryland State Archives.
2. News: Prah . Pamela . March 9, 2007 . Massachusetts gov rated most powerful (archived) . Stateline.Org . dead . June 25, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080528222249/http://www.stateline.org/live/details/story?contentId=187648 . May 28, 2008.
3. News: Cox . Erin . Wiggins . Ovetta . January 18, 2023 . Wes Moore to be sworn in, making history as Md.'s first Black governor . . January 18, 2023.
4. Web site: Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Maryland; April 28, 1788 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150710125028/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratme.asp . July 10, 2015 . October 31, 2015 . The Avalon Project at Yale Law School.
5. Web site: Governor . March 4, 2023 . Guide to Government Records . Maryland State Archives.
6. Web site: Maryland Lieutenant Governor . March 4, 2023 . Maryland Manual On-Line.
7. https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/sc2908/000001/000074/html/am74d--548.html 1867 Const, original, art. II, § 2
8. Web site: Thomas Johnson . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
9. Web site: Thomas Johnson . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
10. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the House of Delegates. Feb. 1777 sess., 44, accessed September 18, 2023
11. Web site: Thomas Sim Lee . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
12. Web site: Thomas Sim Lee . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
13. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1779 sess., 4, accessed September 18, 2023
14. Web site: William Paca . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
15. Web site: William Paca . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
16. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1782 sess., 6, accessed September 18, 2023
17. Web site: William Smallwood . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
18. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1785 sess., 10, accessed September 18, 2023
19. Web site: John Eager Howard . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
20. Web site: John Eager Howard . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
21. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1788 sess., 7, accessed September 18, 2023
22. Web site: George Plater . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
23. Web site: George Plater . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
24. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1791 sess., 5, accessed September 18, 2023
25. Web site: James Brice . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
26. News: 1792-02-16 . A Proclamation . 2 . Maryland Gazette . 2023-09-19.
27. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Apr. 1792 sess., 63, accessed September 18, 2023
28. Web site: John Hoskins Stone . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
29. Web site: John Hoskins Stone . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
30. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1794 sess., 3, accessed September 18, 2023
31. Web site: John Henry . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
32. Web site: John Henry . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
33. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1797 sess., 10, accessed September 18, 2023
34. Web site: Benjamin Ogle . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
35. Web site: Benjamin Ogle . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
36. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1798 sess., 4, accessed September 18, 2023
37. Web site: John Francis Mercer . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
38. Web site: John Francis Mercer . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
39. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1801 sess., 8, accessed September 18, 2023
40. Web site: Robert Bowie . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
41. Web site: Robert Bowie . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
42. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1803 sess., 6, accessed September 19, 2023
43. Web site: Robert Wright . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
44. Web site: Robert Wright . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
45. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1806 sess., 6, accessed September 19, 2023
46. News: 1809-05-24 . A Proclamation . 4 . Maryland Gazette . 2023-09-19.
47. Web site: Edward Lloyd . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
48. Web site: Edward Lloyd . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
49. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. June 1809 sess., 10, accessed September 19, 2023
50. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1811 sess., 295, accessed September 19, 2023
51. Web site: Levin Winder . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
52. Web site: Levin Winder . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
53. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Nov. 1812 sess., 136, accessed September 19, 2023
54. Web site: Charles Carnan Ridgely . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
55. Web site: Charles Ridgely of Hampton . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
56. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1815 sess., 123, accessed September 19, 2023
57. Web site: Charles Goldsborough . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
58. Web site: Charles Goldborough . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
59. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1818 sess., 14, accessed September 19, 2023
60. Web site: Samuel Sprigg . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
61. Web site: Samuel Sprigg . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
62. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1819 sess., 11, accessed September 19, 2023
63. Web site: Samuel Stevens . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
64. Web site: Samuel Stevens, Jr. . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
65. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the House of Delegates. Dec. 1822 sess., 30, accessed September 19, 2023
66. Web site: Joseph Kent . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
67. Web site: Joseph Kent . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
68. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1826 sess., 25, accessed September 19, 2023
69. Web site: Daniel Martin . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
70. Web site: Daniel Martin . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
71. News: 1829-01-22 . Legislature of Maryland . 4 . Maryland Gazette . 2023-09-19.
72. Web site: Thomas King Carroll . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
73. Web site: Thomas King Carroll . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
74. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the House of Delegates. Dec. 1830 sess., 147, accessed September 19, 2023
75. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1830 sess., 43, accessed September 19, 2023
76. Web site: George Howard . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
77. Web site: George Howard . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
78. News: 1831-07-21 . The New Governor . 4 . The Torch Light And Public Advertiser . 2023-09-19.
79. Web site: James Thomas . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
80. Web site: James Thomas . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
81. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1833 sess., 48, accessed September 19, 2023
82. Web site: Thomas Ward Veazey . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
83. Web site: Thomas W. Veazey . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
84. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Dec. 1835 sess., 38, accessed September 19, 2023
85. Web site: William Grason . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
86. Web site: William Grason . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
87. News: 1839-01-09 . Inauguration of Governor Grason . 2 . The Baltimore Sun . 2023-09-19.
88. Web site: Francis Thomas . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
89. Web site: Francis Thomas . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
90. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the House of Delegates. Dec. 1841 sess., 51, accessed September 19, 2023
91. Web site: Thomas George Pratt . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
92. Web site: Thomas G. Pratt . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
93. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the House of Delegates. Dec. 1844 sess., 34, accessed September 19, 2023
94. Web site: Phillip Francis Thomas . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
95. Web site: Philip Francis Thomas . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
96. News: 1848-01-04 . Inaugural Message of Governor Thomas . 2 . The Baltimore Sun . 2023-09-20.
97. Web site: Enoch Louis Lowe . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
98. Web site: Enoch Louis Lowe . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
99. News: 1851-01-07 . Proceedings of the Maryland Constitutional Reform Convention . 1 . The Baltimore Sun . 2023-09-20.
100. Web site: Thomas Watkins Ligon . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
101. Web site: Thomas Watkins Ligon . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
102. News: 1854-01-12 . Inauguration of Gov. Ligon . 2 . The Baltimore Sun . 2023-09-20.
103. Web site: Thomas Holliday Hicks . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
104. Web site: Thomas Holliday Hicks . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
105. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the House of Delegates. Jan. 1858 sess., 49, accessed September 19, 2023
106. Web site: Augustus Williamson Bradford . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
107. Web site: Augustus W. Bradford . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
108. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Jan. 1862 sess., 88, accessed September 19, 2023
109. Web site: Thomas Swann . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
110. Web site: Thomas Swann . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
111. Web site: Oden Bowie . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
112. Web site: Oden Bowie . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
113. News: 1869-01-14 . Inauguration of Governor Bowie . 1 . The Baltimore Sun . 2023-09-20.
114. Web site: William Pinkney Whyte . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
115. Web site: William Pinkney Whyte . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
116. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Jan. 1872 sess., 31, accessed September 19, 2023
117. Web site: James Black Groome . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
118. Web site: James Black Groome . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
119. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Jan. 1874 sess., 472, accessed September 19, 2023
120. Web site: John Lee Carroll . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
121. Web site: John Lee Carroll . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
122. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Jan. 1876 sess., 29, accessed September 19, 2023
123. Web site: William Thomas Hamilton . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
124. Web site: William T. Hamilton . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
125. News: 1880-01-15 . The Governor's Inauguration . 1 . The Baltimore Sun . 2023-09-21.
126. Web site: Robert Milligan McLane . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
127. Web site: Robert M. McLane . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
128. News: 1884-01-10 . Gov. Robert M. M'Lane . 1 . The Baltimore Sun . 2023-09-21.
129. Web site: Henry Lloyd . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
130. Web site: Henry Lloyd . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
131. News: 1885-03-27 . Gov. McLane's Resignation . 1 . Evening Capital . 2023-09-21.
132. Web site: Elihu Emory Jackson . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
133. Web site: Elihu E. Jackson . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
134. News: 1888-01-11 . The Inauguration . 4 . Evening Capital . 2023-09-21.
135. Web site: Frank Brown . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
136. Web site: Frank Brown . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
137. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Jan. 1892 sess., 34, accessed September 21, 2023
138. Web site: Lloyd Lowndes . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
139. Web site: Lloyd Lowndes, Jr. . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
140. News: 1896-01-08 . Maryland's Republican Governor . 1 . Evening Capital . 2023-09-21.
141. Web site: John Walter Smith . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
142. Web site: John Walter Smith . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
143. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Jan. 1900 sess., 37, accessed September 21, 2023
144. Web site: Edwin Warfield . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
145. Web site: Edwin Warfield . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
146. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Jan. 1904 sess., 85, accessed September 21, 2023
147. Web site: Austin Lane Crothers . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
148. Web site: Austin Lane Crothers . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
149. News: 1908-01-09 . New Governor Plights Faith to the People . 1 . The Baltimore Sun . 2023-09-21.
150. Web site: Phillips Lee Goldsborough . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
151. Web site: Phillips Lee Goldsborough . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
152. News: 1912-01-10 . Gov. Goldsborough Welcomed by Throng in Cold White Capital . 1 . The Evening Sun . 2023-09-22.
153. Web site: Emerson Columbus Harrington . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
154. Web site: Emerson C. Harrington . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
155. Maryland General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. Jan 1916 sess., 55, accessed September 21, 2023
156. Web site: Albert Cabell Ritchie . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
157. Web site: Albert C. Ritchie . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
158. News: 1920-01-14 . Distinguished Throng Present for Inauguration of Governor Albert C. Ritchie at State House Today . 1 . Evening Capital . 2023-09-22.
159. Web site: Harry Whinna Nice . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
160. Web site: Harry W. Nice . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
161. News: 1935-01-09 . Nice Calls for Speedy Aid to Needy . 1 . The Evening Sun . 2023-09-22.
162. Web site: Herbert Romulus O'Conor . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
163. Web site: Herbert R. O'Conor . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
164. News: O'Donnell . Louis J. . 1939-01-12 . State Faces New Taxes, O'Conor Declares After Taking Oath As Governor . 1 . The Baltimore Sun . 2023-09-22.
165. Web site: William Preston Lane . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
166. Web site: William Preston Lane, Jr. . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
167. Web site: Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
168. Web site: Theodore R. McKeldin . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
169. News: Jacobs . Bradford . 1951-01-10 . New Governor Takes Office; Lays Stress on Civil Defense . 1 . The Evening Sun . 2023-09-22.
170. Web site: J. Millard Tawes . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
171. Web site: J. Millard Tawes . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
172. News: 1959-01-15 . Tawes Sworn In As 59th Governor of Maryland . 2 . The Cumberland News . Associated Press . 2023-09-22.
173. Web site: Spiro Theodore Agnew . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
174. Web site: Spiro T. Agnew . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
175. News: Levine . Richard H. . 1967-01-26 . Agnew Takes Oath As 5th GOP Governor . C20 . The Baltimore Sun . 2023-09-22.
176. Web site: Marvin Mandel . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
177. Web site: Marvin Mandel . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
178. News: Whiteford . Charles . 1969-01-08 . Mandel Wins Race for Governor With Large Margin in Assembly; Vows Vigorous Administration . A1 . The Baltimore Sun . 2023-09-22.
179. Web site: Blair Lee . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
180. Web site: Blair Lee III . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
181. Web site: Harry Roe Hughes . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
182. Web site: Harry R. Hughes . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
183. News: Phelps . Timothy M. . Kimelman . Donald . 1979-01-18 . Hughes Pledges Break With Past in His Inaugural . A1 . The Baltimore Sun . 2023-09-22.
184. Web site: William Donald Schaefer . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
185. Web site: William Donald Schaefer . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
186. News: Frece . John W. . Sia . Richard H. P. . 1987-01-22 . Gov. Schaefer Takes Office . 1A . The Baltimore Sun . 2023-09-22.
187. Web site: Parris N. Glendening . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
188. Web site: Parris N. Glendening . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
189. News: Jensen . Peter . 1995-01-19 . It's Governor Glendening at Last . 1A . The Baltimore Sun . 2023-09-22.
190. Web site: Robert L. Ehrlich . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
191. Web site: Robert L. Ehrlich, Jr. . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
192. News: Nitkin . David . 2003-01-16 . Ehrlich Pledges 'Better Ideas' . 1A . The Baltimore Sun . 2023-09-22.
193. Web site: Martin O'Malley . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
194. Web site: Martin J. O'Malley . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
195. News: Skalka . Jennifer . Green . Andrew A. . 2007-01-18 . 'New Day' for Md. . 1A . The Baltimore Sun . 2023-09-22.
196. Web site: Larry Hogan . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
197. Web site: Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr. . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
198. News: Dresser . Michael . Cox . Erin . 2015-01-22 . A Call to the 'Middle Ground' . 1 . The Baltimore Sun . 2023-09-22.
199. Web site: Wes Moore . March 4, 2023 . National Governors Association.
200. Web site: Westley Watende Omari (Wes) Moore . March 4, 2023 . Maryland State Archives.
201. News: Janesch . Sam . Gaskill . Hannah . 2023-01-19 . A Historic 'Opportunity' . 1 . The Baltimore Sun . 2023-09-22.