List of IOC meetings explained

This is the list of International Olympic Committee (IOC) meetings.

Olympic Congresses

See main article: Olympic Congress.

Host cityCountryYear
1stParis France1894
2ndLe Havre France1897
3rd Brussels Belgium1905
4thParis France1906
5th Lausanne Switzerland1913
6th Paris France1914
7thLausanne Switzerland1921
8thPrague1925
9thBerlin Germany1930
10thVarna Bulgaria1973
11th Baden-Baden1981
12th Paris France1994
13thCopenhagen Denmark2009

IOC Sessions

There has been a session during all Olympic Games except the 1900, 1904 and 1908 Summer Olympics and the 1924, 1928 and 1932 Winter Olympics.

SessionYearHost cityOlympic occasionActivitiesRef
1st 1894 Paris, France I Olympic CongressAthens of Greece was selected as the host for the Games of the I Olympiad.
Paris of France was selected as the host for the Games of the II Olympiad.
[1]
2nd 1896 Athens, GreeceThe French Pierre de Coubertin was elected as the second President of the International Olympic Committee.
3rd 1897 Le Havre, France II Olympic Congress
4th 1901 Paris, France Separate occasionsChicago of United States was selected as the host for the Games of the III Olympiad. These games would later be moved to St. Louis.
5th 1903 Paris, France [2]
6th 1904 London, Great BritainRome of Italy was selected as the host for the Games of the IV Olympiad.
7th 1905 Brussels, Belgium
8th 1906 Athens, GreeceSeparate occasions
9th 1907 The Hague, NetherlandsDe Coubertin was re-elected as the President of the International Olympic Committee for the third term.
10th 1909 Berlin, GermanyStockholm of Sweden was selected as the host for the Games of the V Olympiad.
11th 1910 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
12th 1911 Budapest, Austria-Hungary
13th 1912 Basel, Switzerland
14th 1912 Stockholm, SwedenBerlin of Germany was selected as the host for the Games of the VI Olympiad, later were cancelled due to World War I.
15th 1913 Lausanne, Switzerland
16th 1914 Paris, France VI Olympic Congress
All international Olympic business was suspended from 1915 to 1918 due to World War I.
17th 1919 Lausanne, SwitzerlandSeparate occasionsAntwerp of Belgium was selected as the host for the Games of the VII Olympiad.
18th 1920 Antwerp, Belgium Games of the VII Olympiad
19th 1921 Lausanne, Switzerland VII Olympic CongressChamonix of France was selected as the host for the I Olympic Winter Games.
Paris of France was selected as the host for the Games of the VIII Olympiad.
Amsterdam of the Netherlands was selected as the host for the Games of the IX Olympiad.
20th 1922 Paris, FranceSeparate occasions
21st 1923 Rome, ItalyLos Angeles of the United States was selected as the host for the Games of the X Olympiad.
22nd 1924 Paris, France
23rd 1925 Prague, CzechoslovakiaThe Belgian Henri de Baillet-Latour was elected as the third President of the International Olympic Committee.
24th 1926 Lisbon, PortugalSeparate occasionsSt. Moritz of Switzerland was selected as the host for the II Olympic Winter Games.
25th 1927 Monte Carlo, Monaco
26th 1928 Amsterdam, Netherlands
27th 1929 Lausanne, SwitzerlandSeparate occasionsLake Placid of the United States was selected as the host for the III Olympic Winter Games.
28th 1930 Berlin, Germany
29th 1931 Barcelona, SpainSeparate occasionsBerlin of Germany was selected as the host for the Games of the XI Olympiad.
30th 1932 Los Angeles, United States Games of the X Olympiad
31st 1933 Vienna, AustriaSeparate occasionsGarmisch-Partenkirchen of Germany was selected as the host for the IV Olympic Winter Games.
De Baillet-Latour was re-elected as the President of the International Olympic Committee for the second term.
32nd 1934 Athens, Greece
33rd 1935 Oslo, Norway
34th 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany IV Olympic Winter Games
35th 1936 Berlin, Germany Games of the XI OlympiadTokyo of Japan was selected as the host for the Games of the XII Olympiad.
36th 1937 Warsaw, PolandSeparate occasionsSapporo of Japan was selected as the host for the 1940 Winter Olympics.
37th 1938 Cairo, Egypt
38th 1939 London, Great BritainGarmisch-Partenkirchen of Germany was selected as the host for the 1940 Winter Olympics.
Cortina d'Ampezzo of Italy was selected as the host for the 1944 Winter Olympics.
London of Great Britain was selected as the host for the Games of the XIII Olympiad, later were cancelled due to World War II.
All international Olympic business was suspended from 1940 to 1945 due to World War II.
39th 1946 Lausanne, SwitzerlandSeparate occasionsSt. Moritz of Switzerland was selected as the host for the V Olympic Winter Games.
London of Great Britain was selected as the host for the Games of the XIV Olympiad.
The Swedish Sigfrid Edström was elected as the fourth President of the International Olympic Committee.
40th 1947 Stockholm, SwedenOslo of Norway was selected as the host for the VI Olympic Winter Games.
Helsinki of Finland was selected as the host for the Games of the XV Olympiad.
41st 1948 St. Moritz, Switzerland V Olympic Winter Games
42nd 1948 London, Great Britain Games of the XIV Olympiad
43rd 1949 Rome, ItalySeparate occasionsCortina d'Ampezzo of Italy was selected as the host for the VII Olympic Winter Games.
Melbourne of Australia was selected as the host for the Games of the XVI Olympiad.
44th 1950 Copenhagen, Denmark
45th 1951 Vienna, Austria
46th 1952 Oslo, Norway VI Olympic Winter Games
47th 1952 Helsinki, Finland Games of the XV OlympiadThe American Avery Brundage was elected as the fifth President of the International Olympic Committee.[3]
48th 1953 Mexico City, MexicoSeparate occasions
49th 1954 Athens, Greece
50th 1955 Paris, FranceSquaw Valley of the United States was selected as the host for the VIII Olympic Winter Games.
Rome of Italy was selected as the host for the Games of the XVII Olympiad.
51st 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy VII Olympic Winter Games
52nd 1956 Melbourne, Australia Games of the XVI Olympiad
53rd 1957 Sofia, BulgariaSeparate occasions
54th 1958 Tokyo, JapanIn this meeting, the Olympic Hymn by Spyridon Samaras was declared the official anthem of the Games and the IOC.
55th 1959 Munich, West GermanyInnsbruck of Austria was selected as the host for the IX Olympic Winter Games.
Tokyo of Japan was selected as the host for the Games of the XVIII Olympiad.
Luge had been added to the Olympic programme in 1964.
[4]
56th 1960 Squaw Valley, United States VIII Olympic Winter Games
57th 1960 Rome, Italy Games of the XVII OlympiadBrundage was re-elected as the President of the International Olympic Committee for the second term.
58th 1961 Athens, GreeceSeparate occasions
59th 1962 Moscow, Soviet Union
60th 1963 Baden-Baden, West GermanyMexico City of Mexico was selected as the host for the Games of the XIX Olympiad.
61st 1964 Innsbruck, Austria IX Olympic Winter GamesGrenoble of France was selected as the host for the X Olympic Winter Games.
62nd 1964 Tokyo, Japan Games of the XVIII OlympiadBrundage was re-elected as the President of the International Olympic Committee for the third term.
63rd 1965 Madrid, SpainSeparate occasions
64th 1966 Rome, ItalySapporo of Japan was selected as the host for the XI Olympic Winter Games.
Munich of West Germany was selected as the host for the Games of the XX Olympiad.
65th 1967 Tehran, Iran
66th 1968 Grenoble, France X Olympic Winter Games
67th 1968 Mexico City, Mexico Games of the XIX OlympiadBrundage was re-elected as the President of the International Olympic Committee for the fourth term.
68th 1969 Warsaw, PolandSeparate occasions
69th 1970 Amsterdam, NetherlandsDenver of the United States was selected as the host for the XII Olympic Winter Games, later withdrew and replaced by Innsbruck.
Montreal of Canada was selected as the host for the Games of the XXI Olympiad.
[5]
70th 1970 Amsterdam, Netherlands
71st 1971 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
72nd 1972 Sapporo, Japan XI Olympic Winter Games
73rd 1972 Munich, West Germany Games of the XX OlympiadThe Irish Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin was elected as the sixth President of the International Olympic Committee.[6]
74th 1973 Sofia, Bulgaria X Olympic Congress
75th 1974 Vienna, AustriaSeparate occasionsLake Placid of the United States was selected as the host for the XIII Olympic Winter Games.
Moscow of the Soviet Union was selected as the host for the Games of the XXII Olympiad.
76th 1975 Lausanne, Switzerland
77th 1976 Innsbruck, Austria XII Olympic Winter Games
78th 1976 Montreal, Canada Games of the XXI Olympiad
79th 1977 Prague, CzechoslovakiaSeparate occasions
80th 1978 Athens, GreeceSarajevo of Yugoslavia was selected as the host for the XIV Olympic Winter Games.
Los Angeles of the United States was selected as the host for the Games of the XXIII Olympiad.
81st 1979 Montevideo, Uruguay
82nd 1980 Lake Placid, United States XIII Olympic Winter Games
83rd 1980 Moscow, Soviet Union Games of the XXII OlympiadThe Spanish Juan Antonio Samaranch was elected as the seventh President of the International Olympic Committee.[7]
84th 1981 Baden-Baden, West Germany XI Olympic CongressCalgary of Canada was selected as the host for the XV Olympic Winter Games.
Seoul of South Korea was selected as the host for the Games of the XXIV Olympiad.
Tennis had been readmitted to the Olympic programme in 1988.
85th 1982 Rome, ItalySeparate occasions
86th 1983 New Delhi, India
87th 1984 Sarajevo, Yugoslavia XIV Olympic Winter Games
88th 1984 Los Angeles, United States Games of the XXIII Olympiad
89th 1984 Lausanne, SwitzerlandSeparate occasions
90th 1985 East Berlin, East Germany
91st 1986 Lausanne, SwitzerlandAlbertville of France was selected as the host for the XVI Olympic Winter Games.
Barcelona of Spain was selected as the host for the Games of the XXV Olympiad.
Separating Summer and Winter games in alternating even-years beginning from 1994 was approved.
[8]
92nd 1987 Istanbul, Turkey
93rd 1988 Calgary, Canada XV Olympic Winter Games
94th 1988 Seoul, South Korea Games of the XXIV OlympiadLillehammer of Norway was selected as the host for the XVII Olympic Winter Games.
95th 1989 San Juan, Puerto RicoSeparate occasionsSamaranch was re-elected as the President of the International Olympic Committee for the second term.
Demonstration sports were removed from the Olympic programme beginning from 1994
96th 1990 Tokyo, JapanAtlanta of the United States was selected as the host for the Games of the XXVI Olympiad.
97th 1991 Birmingham, Great BritainNagano of Japan was selected as the host for the XVIII Olympic Winter Games.
Curling and snowboarding had been added to the Olympic programme in 1998.
98th 1992 Albertville, France XVI Olympic Winter Games
99th 1992 Barcelona, Spain Games of the XXV Olympiad
100th 1993 Lausanne, SwitzerlandSeparate occasions
101st 1993 Monte Carlo, MonacoSydney of Australia was selected as the host for the Games of the XXVII Olympiad.
Samaranch was re-elected as the President of the International Olympic Committee for the third term.
Beach Volleyball had been added to the Olympic programme in 1996.
[9]
102nd 1994 Lillehammer, Norway XVII Olympic Winter Games
103rd 1994 Paris, France XII Olympic Congress
104th 1995 Budapest, HungarySeparate occasionsSalt Lake City of the United States was selected as the host for the XIX Olympic Winter Games.
105th 1996 Atlanta, United States Games of the XXVI Olympiad
106th 1997 Lausanne, SwitzerlandSeparate occasionsAthens of Greece was selected as the host for the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad.
Samaranch was re-elected as the President of the International Olympic Committee for the fourth term.
107th 1998 Nagano, Japan XVIII Olympic Winter Games
108th 1999 Lausanne, SwitzerlandSeparate occasions
109th 1999 Seoul, South KoreaTurin of Italy was selected as the host for the XX Olympic Winter Games.
110th 1999 Lausanne, Switzerland
111th 2000 Sydney, Australia Games of the XXVII Olympiad
112th 2001 Moscow, RussiaSeparate occasionsBeijing of (the People's Republic of) China was selected as the host for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad.
The Belgian Jacques Rogge was elected as the eight President of the International Olympic Committee.
[10] [11]
113th 2002 Salt Lake City, United States XIX Olympic Winter Games
114th 2002 Mexico City, MexicoSeparate occasions
115th 2003 Prague, Czech RepublicVancouver of Canada was selected as the host for the XXI Olympic Winter Games.
116th 2004 Athens, Greece Games of the XXVIII Olympiad
2005 SingaporeSeparate occasionsLondon of Great Britain was selected as the host for the Games of the XXX Olympiad.
Baseball and softball had been removed from the Olympic programme in 2012.
118th 2006 Turin, Italy XX Olympic Winter Games
119th 2007 Guatemala City, GuatemalaSeparate occasionsSochi in Russian Federation was selected as the host for the XXII Olympic Winter Games.
The Youth Olympic Games was created as the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in Singapore.
120th 2008 Beijing, China Games of the XXIX Olympiad
2009 Copenhagen, Denmark XIII Olympic CongressRio de Janeiro in Brazil was selected as the host city for the Games of the XXXI Olympiad.
Rogge was re-elected as the President of the International Olympic Committee for the second term.
Golf and rugby had been readmitted to the Olympic programme in 2016.
122nd 2010 Vancouver, Canada XXI Olympic Winter GamesNanjing of (People's Republic of) China was selected as the host for the 2nd Summer Youth Olympic Games.
2011 Durban, South AfricaSeparate occasionsPyeongchang County in South Korea was selected as the host for the XXIII Olympic Winter Games.
124th 2012 London, Great Britain Games of the XXX Olympiad
Ext 2013 Lausanne, SwitzerlandSeparate occasionsBuenos Aires in Argentina was selected as the host for the 3rd Summer Youth Olympic Games.
2013 Buenos Aires, ArgentinaTokyo in Japan was selected as the host for the Games of the XXXII Olympiad.
The German Thomas Bach was elected as the ninth President of the International Olympic Committee.
Wrestling had been selected to the Olympic programme for 2020 and 2024.
126th 2014 Sochi, Russia XXII Olympic Winter GamesOlympic Agenda 2020, the strategic roadmap for the future of the Olympic Movement initiated by Thomas Bach, had been discussed.[12]
2014 Monte Carlo, MonacoSeparate occasionsThe Extraordinary Session was hosted by IOC member Albert II, Prince of Monaco.
The International Olympic Committee discussed Bach's Olympic Agenda 2020.
[13]
2015 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaBeijing in China (People's Republic of) was selected as the host for the XXIV Olympic Winter Games.
Lausanne in Switzerland was selected as the host for the 3rd Winter Youth Olympic Games.
2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Games of the XXXI OlympiadFive optional sports, including baseball/softball, karate, sport climbing, surfing, skateboarding, for the 2020 Summer Olympics were approved.[14]
2017 Lausanne, SwitzerlandSeparate occasionsJoint-awarding of the Games of the XXXIII Olympiad and the Games of the XXXIV Olympiad was approved.
Bidding process for XXV Olympic Winter Games was approved.
2017 Lima, PeruParis of France was selected as the host for the Games of the XXXIII Olympiad.
Los Angeles of the United States was selected as the host for the Games of the XXXIV Olympiad.
2018 Pyeongchang, South Korea XXIII Olympic Winter GamesThe year of the 4th Summer Youth Olympic Games was reverted from 2023 to 2022.
The IOC suggested an African city should be host the Summer Youth Olympic Games.
[15] [16]
2018 Buenos Aires, Argentina 3rd Summer Youth Olympic GamesDakar of Senegal was selected as the host for the 4th Summer Youth Olympic Games, originally scheduled in 2022, later postponed to 2026 due to operational and economical consequences caused by COVID-19 pandemic.
2019 Lausanne, SwitzerlandSeparate occasionsThe joint bid from Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo of Italy was selected as the hosts for the XXV Olympic Winter Games.
Four optional sports, including sport climbing, surfing, skateboarding, and breaking (breakdance), for the 2024 Summer Olympics were approved.
[17] [18]
135th 2020 Lausanne, Switzerland 3rd Winter Youth Olympic GamesGangwon Province of South Korea was selected as the host for the 4th Winter Youth Olympic Games.
136th 2020 Lausanne, Switzerland (IOC executive board) and virtually meetingsSeparate occasionsThe postponement of the 2020 Summer Olympics to 2021 and the 4th Summer Youth Olympic Games from 2022 to 2026 was approved. Originally scheduled to be held in Tokyo, Japan, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, while some IOC executives were working in Lausanne, other work were held virtually.
137th 2021 Athens, Greece (IOC executive board) and virtual meetingsOfficially opened in a live event in the Panathenaic Stadium in Athens, Greece, which originally had been awarded the Session. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of the works were held virtually.
Bach is re-elected as the President of the International Olympic Committee for a second term.
The International Olympic Committee discussed Bach's Olympic Agenda 2020+5.
138th 2021 Tokyo, Japan Games of the XXXII OlympiadBrisbane of Australia was selected as the host for the Games of the XXXV Olympiad.
An optional sport proposed for the 2026 Winter Olympics, ski mountaineering, was approved.
[19]
139th 2022 Beijing, China XXIV Olympic Winter GamesReview of the resounding success of the IOC Refugee Olympic Team (EOR) at the Games of the XXXII Olympiad, study of the post-Games use of permanent and temporary Olympic venues released, and a Human Rights Strategic Framework established.[20] [21] [22] [23]
140th2023 Lausanne, Switzerland with some virtual meetings Separate occasionsExtraordinary Session; The IOC's executive board voted to have the International Boxing Association lose its status as the sport's international governing body.[24]
141st2023 Mumbai, IndiaFive optional sports, including baseball/softball, lacrosse, flag football, cricket and squash, for 2028 Summer Olympics were approved.[25]
142nd2024 Paris, France Games of the XXXIII OlympiadThe French Alps was selected as the host for the XXVI Olympic Winter Games. Salt Lake City of the United States was selected as the host for the XXVII Olympic Winter Games. The Olympic Esports Games are approved, slated to be held every two years in-between the Summer and Winter Olympics starting in 2025 in Saudi Arabia.[26] [27]
143rd2025 Athens, GreeceSeparate occasionsTenth President of the International Olympic Committee to be elected.
144th 2026 Milan, Italy XXV Olympic Winter Games
145th 2027 TBA Separate occasions
146th 2028 Los Angeles, United States Games of the XXXIV Olympiad
147th 2029 TBA Separate occasions
148th 2030 Nice, France XXVI Olympic Winter Games
149th 2031 TBA Separate occasions
150th 2032 Brisbane, Australia Games of the XXXV Olympiad
151st 2033 TBA Separate occasions
152nd 2034 Salt Lake City, United States XXVII Olympic Winter Games

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: IOC VOTE HISTORY. www.aldaver.com. 2007-07-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20080525070757/http://www.aldaver.com/votes.html. 2008-05-25. live.
  2. Sessions du Comité international olympique . Olympic Review . 2010-02-04 . 26 . March 1951 . International Olympic Committee . 2 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100808195607/http://www.la84foundation.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1951/BDCE26/BDCE26c.pdf . 2010-08-08 . live .
  3. Extract of the minutes of the 47th session — Helsinki 1952 (Palais de la Noblesse . Bulletin du Comité International Olympique . Comité International Olympique . September 1959 . 34–35 . 22 . 2007-07-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080529023242/http://www.la84foundation.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1952/BDCE34/BDCE34d.pdf . 2008-05-29 . live .
  4. Olympic review, February 2002, page 19, available online
  5. IOC Congresses and sessions . Olympic Review . 2010-02-04 . 188 . 1983 . International Olympic Committee . 428 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100809040827/http://www.la84foundation.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1983/ore188/ORE188zj.pdf . 2010-08-09 . live .
  6. Olympic Review, N59, October 1972, p. 355, available online
  7. Olympic Review, N154, August 1980, pp. 410-412, available online
  8. Web site: Olympic News - Official Source of Olympic News. 4 May 2017. Olympic.org. 2017-05-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20080907015332/http://www.olympic.org/uk/news/events/117_session/past_election_uk.asp. 7 September 2008. live.
  9. Web site: Chronological Highlights. Fédération Internationale de Volleyball. 2013-09-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20160906224106/http://www.fivb.ch/TheGame/ChronologicalHighlights.htm. 2016-09-06. dead.
  10. Olympic Review, August–September 2001, p. 5, available online
  11. News: BBC SPORT | Special Events | Olympic Votes | Rogge secures Olympic presidency . 16 July 2001 . 2019-01-06 . https://web.archive.org/web/20040704060802/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/in_depth/2001/olympic_votes/1440681.stm . 2004-07-04 . live .
  12. Web site: Media Resources. 4 May 2017. Olympic.org. 2017-05-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20161024090258/https://www.olympic.org/news/media-resources?articlenewsgroup=-1&articleid=223032. 24 October 2016. live.
  13. Web site: GamesBids.com - Bach: Olympic Bid Process Changes Could be Implemented in 2014 . 2013-12-14 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131216165200/http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/other_news/1216136825.html . 2013-12-16 .
  14. Web site: Five new sports voted onto Tokyo 2020 Olympic programme. Insidethegames.biz. 3 August 2016 . 2017-05-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20170502140440/http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1040286/five-new-sports-voted-onto-tokyo-2020-olympic-programme. 2017-05-02. live.
  15. Web site: 132nd International Olympic Committee Session: Day two. Insidethegames.biz. 7 February 2018 . 2018-02-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20180207182949/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1061152/132nd-international-olympic-committee-session-day-two. 2018-02-07. live.
  16. Web site: IOC targets African cities to host 2022 Youth Olympics. Independent Online. 2018-02-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083337/https://www.iol.co.za/sport/more-sport/ioc-targets-african-cities-to-host-2022-youth-olympics-13190643. 2018-02-12. live.
  17. Web site: Livingstone . Robert . Lausanne To Host Vote For Winning 2026 Winter Olympic Bid Instead of Milan After Italy Enters Race . GamesBids.com . 20 September 2018 . 21 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180920183039/https://gamesbids.com/eng/winter-olympic-bids/2026-olympic-bid-news/lausanne-to-host-vote-for-winning-2026-winter-olympic-bid-instead-of-milan-after-italy-enters-race/ . 20 September 2018 . live .
  18. Web site: 7 December 2020 . Gender equality and youth at the heart of the Paris 2024 Olympic Sports program . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210512070259/https://olympics.com/ioc/news/gender-equality-and-youth-at-the-heart-of-the-paris-2024-olympic-sports-programme . 12 May 2021 . 10 August 2024 . International Olympic Committee.
  19. Web site: Sharma . Hritika . Ski mountaineering added to 2026 Winter Olympic program . Infobae. 22 July 2021.
  20. Web site: IOC Refugee Olympic Team continues to send message of hope to refugees around the world . olympics.com. 20 May 2022.
  21. Web site: New report shows 85 per cent of all permanent Olympic venues still in use . olympics.com. 20 May 2022.
  22. Web site: IOC takes next steps in establishment of Human Rights Strategic Framework . olympics.com. 20 May 2022.
  23. Web site: Faster, Higher, Stronger – Together: the IOC publishes 2021 Annual Report and Financial Statements . olympics.com. 20 May 2022.
  24. Web site: IOC Session withdraws recognition of International Boxing Association. olympics.com. 22 June 2023.
  25. Web site: IOC Session approves LA28’s proposal for five additional sports . olympics.com. 16 October 2023.
  26. News: IOC Session backs double award of 2030 and 2034 Winter Games. France 24. October 15, 2023. November 9, 2023.
  27. Web site: IOC enters a new era with the creation of Olympic Esports Games – first Games in 2025 in Saudi Arabia . July 23, 2024 . .