List of English words of Old Norse origin explained

Words of Old Norse origin have entered the English language, primarily from the contact between Old Norse and Old English during colonisation of eastern and northern England between the mid 9th to the 11th centuries (see also Danelaw). Many of these words are part of English core vocabulary, such as egg or knife. There are hundreds of such words, and the list below does not aim at completeness.

To be distinguished from loan words which date back to the Old English period are modern Old Norse loans originating in the context of Old Norse philology, such as kenning (1871), and loans from modern Icelandic (such as geyser, 1781).Yet another class comprises loans from Old Norse into Old French, which via Anglo-Norman were then indirectly loaned into Middle English; an example is flâneur, via French from the Old Norse verb Norse, Old: flana "to wander aimlessly".

A

ado
  • influenced by Norse Norse, Old: at ("to", infinitive marker) which was used with English "do" in certain English dialects[1]
    aloft
    anger
    are
  • merger of Old English (English, Old (ca.450-1100);: earun, English, Old (ca.450-1100);: earon) and Old Norse (Norse, Old: er) cognates[4]
    auk
  • A type of Arctic seabird.[5]
    awe
    awesome
  • From the same Norse root as "awe".[7]
    awful
  • From the same Norse root as "awe".[8]
    awkward
  • the first element is from Old Norse Norse, Old: ǫfugr ("=turned-backward"), the '-ward' part is from Old English English, Old (ca.450-1100);: weard[9]
    awn
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: ögn[10]
    axle
  • May be a combination of Old English English, Old (ca.450-1100);: eax and Old Norse Norse, Old: öxull (="axis")[11]

    B

    bag
  • Norse, Old: baggi[12]
    bait
  • Norse, Old: beita[13]
    band
  • Norse, Old: band (="rope")[14]
    bank (geography): from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Norse, Old: banki, Old Danish Norse, Old: banke (="sandbank").[15]
  • bark
  • Norse, Old: bǫrkr[16]
    bash
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: *basca (="to strike")[17]
    bask
  • Norse, Old: baðask reflex. of Norse, Old: baða "bathe" (Norse, Old: baðast, baða sig)[18]
    bat (animal): probably related to Old Swedish Swedish: natbakka, Old Danish Norse, Old: nathbakkæ "night bat," and Old Norse Norse, Old: leðrblaka "bat," literally "leather flapper".[19]
  • berserk
  • Norse, Old: berserkr, lit. 'bear-shirt', (alt. Norse, Old: berr-serkr, 'bare-shirt') frenzied warriors[20]
    billow
  • Norse, Old: bylgja[21]
    birth
  • Norse, Old: byrðr[22]
    blather
  • Probably from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Norse, Old: blaðra (="mutter, wag the tongue")[23]
    bleak
  • Norse, Old: bleikr (="pale")[24]
    blend
  • Possibly from Old Norse Norse, Old: blanda (="to mix")[25]
    blister
  • From a Scandinavian source via Old French[26]
    bloat
  • From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Norse, Old: blautr (="soaked, soft from being cooked in liquid")[27]
    bloom
  • "blossom of a plant," c. 1200, a northern word, from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Norse, Old: blomi "flower, blossom".[28]
    blunder
  • Norse, Old: blundra (="shut one's eye")[29]
    boast
  • Probably from a Scandinavian source via Anglo-French[30]
    bole
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: bolr (="tree trunk")[31]
    both
  • Norse, Old: baðir[32]
    boon
  • Norse, Old: bon (="a petition, prayer")[33]
    booth
  • From Old Danish Norse, Old: boþ (="temporary dwelling"), from East Norse Norse, Old: *boa (="to dwell")[34]
    boulder
  • from a Scandinavian source akin to Swedish dialectal Swedish: bullersten "noisy stone" (large stone in a stream, causing water to roar around it), from Swedish: bullra "to roar" + Swedish: sten "stone".[35]
    brink
  • Possibly related to Danish Norse, Old: brink (="steepness, shore, bank, grassy edge")[36]
    brisket
  • perhaps from Old French French, Old (842-ca.1400);: bruschet, with identical sense of the English word, or from Old Norse Norse, Old: brjosk "gristle, cartilage" (related to Norse, Old: brjost "breast") or Danish Danish: bryske[37]
    brunt
  • Likely from Old Norse Norse, Old: brundr (="sexual heat") or Norse, Old: bruna =("to advance like wildfire")[38]
    bulk
  • Norse, Old: bulki[39]
    bull
  • Norse, Old: boli[40]
    bump
  • Perhaps from Scandinavian, probably echoic[41]
    bur
  • From a Scandinavian source related to Old Norse Norse, Old: burst (="bristle")[42]
    bylaw
  • Norse, Old: bylög ('by'=village; 'lög'=law; 'village-law')[43]

    C

    cake
  • Norse, Old: kaka (="cake")[44]
    call
  • Norse, Old: kalla (="cry loudly")[45]
    cart
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: kartr or a similar Scandinavian source[46]
    cast
  • Norse, Old: kasta (="to throw")[47]
    chubby
  • Perhaps influenced by Old Norse Norse, Old: kumba "log", Norse, Old: kumben "stumpy".[48]
    clip
  • Norse, Old: klippa (="to cut")[49]
    club
  • Norse, Old: klubba (="cudgel")[50]
    clumsy
  • From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Norse, Old: klumsa (="make speechless, palsy; prevent from speaking")[51]
    cog
  • Probably a Scandinavian borrowing, related to Norwegian Norse, Old: kugg[52]
    cozy
  • Likely of Scandinavian origin via Scots, perhaps related to Norwegian Norse, Old: kose seg[53]
    crawl
  • Norse, Old: krafla (="to claw")[54]
    craze
  • Possibly from Old Norse Norse, Old: krasa (="shatter") via Old French French, Old (842-ca.1400);: crasir[55]
    creek
  • Norse, Old: kriki ("corner, nook") through ME English, Middle (1100-1500);: creke ("narrow inlet in a coastline") altered from English, Middle (1100-1500);: kryk perhaps influenced by Anglo-Norman crique itself from a Scandinavian source via Norman-French[56]
    crochet
  • from Old Norse Norse, Old: krokr "hook" via French French: crochet "small hook; canine tooth"[57]
    crocket
  • from the same Norse root as "crochet" via French.[58]
    crook
  • Norse, Old: krokr (="hook-shaped instrument or weapon")[59]
    crotch
  • from Old North French French, Old (842-ca.1400);: croche "shepherd's crook," variant of French, Old (842-ca.1400);: croc "hook," from Old Norse Norse, Old: krokr "hook".[60]
    crotchet, crotchety: from Old Norse Norse, Old: krokr "hook" via Old French French, Old (842-ca.1400);: crochet.[61] [62]
  • crouch
  • from the same Norse root as "crochet" via French.[63]
    cur
  • Norse, Old: kurra (="to growl")[64]
    cut
  • Possibly from North Germanic *kut-[65]

    D

    dangle
  • Probably from Scandinavian, related to Danish Danish: dangle, Swedish Swedish: dangla (="to swing about") and Norwegian Norwegian: dangla[66]
    dank
  • Related to Swedish Swedish: dank (="moist place") and Swedish: dänka (="to moisten")[67]
    dash, dashing: Probably from a Scandinavian source (compare Swedish Swedish: daska, Danish Danish: daske "to beat, strike")[68]
  • dastard, dastardly: Probably from Norse, Old: *dast, "dazed," past participle of Norse, Old: dasen "to daze" or the equivalent past participle in Old Norse + deprecatory suffix Norse, Old: -ard.[69]
  • daze, dazed: Perhaps from Old Norse Norse, Old: *dasa[70]
  • die
  • Norse, Old: deyja (="pass away")[71]
    dirt
  • Norse, Old: drit (="feces")[72]
    down (feathers): "first feathers of a baby bird; soft covering of fowls under the feathers, the under-plumage of birds," used for stuffing pillows and feather-beds, mid-14c., from Old Norse Norse, Old: dunn, which is of uncertain origin.[73]
  • doze
  • Probably from a Scandinavian source (compare Old Norse Norse, Old: dusa "to doze," Danish Danish: døse "to make dull," Swedish dialectal Swedish: dusa "to sleep").[74]
    dregs
  • Norse, Old: dregg (="sediment")[75]
    droop
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: drupa (="to drop, sink, hang (the head)")[76]
    dump
  • Possibly related to Danish Danish: dumpe (="fall hard"), Norwegian Norwegian: dumpa (="to fall suddenly"), and Old Norse Norse, Old: dumpa (="to beat"). Not found in Old English. [77]

    E

    egg
  • Norse, Old: egg (="egg")[78]
    eider
  • a type of duck.
    equip, equipment: Norse, Old: skipa (="organize, arrange, place in order") through Middle French French, Middle (ca.1400-1600);: équiper, from Old French French, Old (842-ca.1400);: esquiper "fit out a ship, load on board",[79] itself from Norman-French esquipper, eschiper[80]

    F

    fell (geography): from Old Norse Norse, Old: fiall "mountain"[81]
  • fellow
  • Norse, Old: félagi[82]
    filly
  • Possibly from Old Norse Norse, Old: fylja, fem. of Norse, Old: foli (="foal")[83]
    fir
  • from Old Norse Norse, Old: fyri- "fir" or Old Danish Norse, Old: fyr.[84]
    firth
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: fjörðr via Scottish[85]
    fjord
  • From Norwegian Norwegian: fiord, from Old Norse Norse, Old: fjörðr (="an inlet, estuary")[86]
    flag
  • Probably from Old Norse Norse, Old: flaka (="to flicker, flutter, hang loose")[87]
    flaneur
  • Norse, Old: flana ("to wander aimlessly") + French suffix French: -eur through (19th cent.) French French: flâneur, itself from Norman-French flaner, flanner[88] [89]
    flat
  • Norse, Old: flatr[90]
    flaunt
  • Related to Swedish Swedish: flankt (="loosely, flutteringly") and Swedish: flakka (="to waver")[91]
    flaw
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: flaga (="stone slab, layer of stone")[92]
    fleck
  • Probably from Old Norse Norse, Old: flekka (="to spot, stain, cover with spots")[93]
    fling
  • Probably from Old Norse Norse, Old: flengja[94]
    flit
  • Norse, Old: flytja (="cause to fit")[95]
    floe
  • From Norwegian Norwegian: flo (="layer, slab") from Old Norse Norse, Old: flo[96]
    flounder
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: flydhra via Anglo-French floundre[97]
    fluster
  • Probably from a Scandinavian source related to Icelandic Icelandic: flaustr (="fluster")[98]
    fog
  • from Old Norse Norse, Old: fok through Danish Danish: fog, meaning "spray", "shower", "snowdrift"[99]
    fro
  • from Old Norse Norse, Old: fra (="from)[100]
    freckle
  • Norse, Old: freknur (="freckles")[101]

    G

    gab
  • Norse, Old: gabbnna (="to mock") through Northern England dialect, Scottish or Norman-French[102] [103]
    gable
  • from Old French French, Old (842-ca.1400);: gable "facade, front, gable," from Old Norse Norse, Old: gafl "gable, gable-end" (in north of England, the word probably is directly from Norse).[104]
    gad
  • Norse, Old: gaddr (="spike, nail")[105] [106]
    gag
  • Perhaps influenced by Old Norse Norse, Old: gag-hals (="with head thrown back") [107]
    gain
  • from Germanic and from Old Norse via Old French.[108]
    gait
  • Related to Old Norse Norse, Old: gata (="way, road, path")[109]
    gale
  • Perhaps from Old Norse Norse, Old: gol (="breeze") or Old Danish Norse, Old: gal (="bad, furious")[110]
    gang
  • Norse, Old: gangr (="act of going, a group of men")[111]
    gap
  • Norse, Old: gap (="chasm")[112]
    gape
  • From an unrecorded English word or from Old Norse Norse, Old: gapa (="to open the mouth wide, gape")[113]
    gasp
  • Norse, Old: geispa (="to yawn")[114]
    gaunt
  • Perhaps from a Scandinavian source[115]
    gawk
  • from Middle English English, Middle (1100-1500);: gawen, from Old Norse Norse, Old: ga (="to heed")[116]
    gear
  • from Old Norse Norse, Old: gørvi (="apparel, gear")[117]
    geld
  • from Old Norse Norse, Old: gelda (="to castrate")[118]
    gelding
  • from Old Norse Norse, Old: geldingr (="wether; eunuch")[119]
    get
  • Norse, Old: geta, Norse, Old: gat (got), Norse, Old: gittan (gotten)[120]
    geyser
  • from Icelandic Icelandic: geysir, from Old Norse Norse, Old: geysa (="to gush")[121]
    gift
  • Norse, Old: gift (="dowry")[122]
    gill
  • Possibly related to Old Norse Norse, Old: gjölnar[123]
    girth
  • Norse, Old: gjörð (="circumference, cinch")[124]
    give
  • Norse, Old: gefa (="to give")[125]
    glitter
  • Norse, Old: glitra (="to glitter")[126]
    gloat
  • From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Norse, Old: glotta (="to grin, smile scornfully and show the teeth")[127]
    gosling
  • Norse, Old: gæslingr (="goose")[128]
    grovel
  • Shakespearean term originating from Old Norse Norse, Old: grufe[129]
    guest
  • Norse, Old: gestr (="guest")[130]
    gun
  • from Old Norse Norse, Old: Gunnhildr (female name, both elements of the name, Norse, Old: gunn and Norse, Old: hildr, have the meaning "war, battle")[131]
    gust
  • Norse, Old: gustr (="gust")[132]

    H

    haggle
  • Norse, Old: haggen (="to chop")[133]
    hail
  • Norse, Old: heill (="health, prosperity, good luck")[134]
    hank
  • Probably from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Norse, Old: hönk (="a hank, coil")[135]
    hap, happy: Norse, Old: happ (="chance, good luck, fate")[136]
  • harness
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: *hernest (="provisions for an army") via Old French French, Old (842-ca.1400);: harnois[137]
    harsh
  • probably from Middle English English, Middle (1100-1500);: harske "rough, coarse, sour" (c. 1300), a northern word of Scandinavian origin.[138]
    haunt
  • Norse, Old: heimta (="to bring back home") through Anglo-Norman haunter (="to reside", "to frequent"), (Old) French French, Old (842-ca.1400);: hanter from Norman hanter.[139] [140]
    haven
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: höfn (="haven, harbor")[141]
    head
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: hǫfuð (="head")[142]
    hit
  • Norse, Old: hitta (="to find")[143]
    how (or howe): Norse, Old: haugr (="barrow, small hill") Usage preserved mainly in place names[144]
  • husband
  • Norse, Old: husbondi (="master of the house")[145]
    hug
  • Possibly from Old Norse Norse, Old: hugga (="to comfort")[146]

    I

    ill
  • Norse, Old: illr (="bad")[147]
    irk
  • Norse, Old: yrkja (="to work")[148]

    J

    jökulhlaup
  • from Icelandic Icelandic: jökulhlaup from Old Norse Norse, Old: jǫkull and Norse, Old: hlaup.
    jarl
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: jarl[149]

    K

    kedge
  • Probably from a Scandinavian source or related to "cadge"[150]
    keg
  • From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Norse, Old: kaggi (="keg, cask")[151]
    keel
  • Norse, Old: kjölr[152]
    kenning
  • a descriptive phrase used in Germanic poetry, a modern learned word from Old Norse kenning in a special sense.[153]
    kick
  • Of uncertain origin, perhaps from Old Norse Norse, Old: kikn (="bend backwards, sink at the knees")[154]
    kid
  • Norse, Old: kið (="young goat")[155]
    kidnap
  • From kid + a variant of nab, both of which are of Scandinavian origin.[156]
    kilt
  • From Middle English English, Middle (1100-1500);: kilten, from a Scandinavian source[157]
    kindle
  • Norse, Old: kynda[158]
    knife
  • Norse, Old: knífr[159]

    L

    lad
  • Norse, Old: ladd (="young man (unlikely)")[160]
    lag
  • Possibly from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegian Norwegian: lagga (="go slowly")[161]
    lass
  • From a Scandinavian source related to Old Swedish Swedish: løsk kona (="unmarried woman") or Old Norse Norse, Old: löskr (="idle, weak")[162]
    lathe
  • Norse, Old: hlaða (="to load")[163]
    law
  • Norse, Old: *lagu[164]
    leg
  • Norse, Old: leggr[165]
    lemming
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: lomundr via Norwegian Norwegian: lemming[166]
    lift
  • Norse, Old: lypta (="to raise")[167]
    likely
  • Norse, Old: líkligr[168]
    link
  • Norse, Old: *hlenkr[169]
    litmus
  • Norse, Old: litmose (="lichen for dyeing", lita ="to stain")[170]
    loan
  • Norse, Old: lán (="to lend")[171]
    loft
  • Norse, Old: lopt (="an upper room or floor : attic, air, sky")[172]
    loose
  • Norse, Old: lauss (="loose/free")[173]
    lope
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: hlaupa (="to run, leap, spring up")[174]
    low
  • Norse, Old: lagr[175]
    lug
  • From Scandinavian, related to Swedish Swedish: lugga and Norwegian Norwegian: lugge (="to pull by the hair")[176]

    M

    meek
  • From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Norse, Old: mjukr (='soft, pliant, gentle')[177]
    midden
  • Of Scandinavian origin, related to Danish Danish: mødding[178]
    mink
  • From a Scandinavian source, related to Swedish Swedish: menk (="a stinking animal in Finland")[179]
    mire
  • Norse, Old: myrr (='bog')[180]
    mistake
  • Norse, Old: mistaka (="miscarry")[181]
    muck
  • Norse, Old: myki (="cow dung")[182]
    mug
  • Norse, Old: mugge[183]
    muggy
  • Norse, Old: mugga (="drizzle, mist")[184]

    N

    nab
  • Probably a variant of dialectal nap "to seize, catch, lay hold of", which possibly is from Scandinavian.[185]
    nag
  • Probably ultimately from a Scandinavian source, related to Old Norse Norse, Old: gnaga (="to complain," literally "to bite, gnaw")[186]
    narwhal
  • From Danish and Norwegian Danish: narhval, probably a metathesis of Old Norse Norse, Old: nahvalr, literally "corpse-whale," from Norse, Old: na "corpse"[187]
    nay, naysayer: From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Norse, Old: nei[188]
  • niggard, niggardly: Perhaps from a Scandinavian source related to Old Norse Norse, Old: *hniggw, possibly via French[189]
  • Norman, Normandy: from Old Norse through Old French, meaning "northman", due to Viking settlement in Normandy region[190]
  • nudge
  • Perhaps from Scandinavian, related to Norwegian Norwegian: nugge/nyggje (="to jostle, rub") and Icelandic Icelandic: nugga (="to rub, massage")[191]

    O

    oaf
  • Norse, Old: alfr (="elf")[192]
    odd
  • Norse, Old: oddi (="third number", "the casting vote")[193]
    ombudsman
  • from Old Norse Norse, Old: umboðsmaðr through Swedish Swedish: ombudsman, meaning "commissary", "representative", "steward"[194]
    outlaw
  • Norse, Old: utlagi[195]

    P

    peen
  • Probably from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegian Norse, Old: penn and Old Swedish Norse, Old: pæna[196]
    plough, plow: Norse, Old: plogr[197]
  • prod
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: broddr (="shaft, spike")[198]

    Q

    queasy
  • Possibly from a Scandinavian source, such as Old Norse Norse, Old: kveisa (="a boil") (Middle English Compendium compares Old Norse Norse, Old: iðra-kveisa "bowel pains").[199]

    R

    race
  • Norse, Old: rás (="to race", "to run", "to rush", "to move swift")[200]
    raft
  • Norse, Old: raptr (="log")[201]
    rag
  • Probably from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Norse, Old: rögg (="shaggy tuft, rough hair")[202]
    ragged
  • Related to "rag", perhaps from or reinforced by Old Norse Norse, Old: raggaðr (="shaggy").[203]
    ragtag
  • From rag + tag, both component words being of Scandinavian origin.[204]
    raise
  • Norse, Old: reisa[205]
    ransack
  • Norse, Old: rannsaka (="to search the house")[206]
    reef
  • Likely from Old Norse Norse, Old: rif (="ridge in the sea; reef in a sail") via Dutch Ndebele, North; North Ndebele: riffe[207]
    regret
  • Norse, Old: gráta ("to weep, groan") + French prefix French: re- through Old French French, Old (842-ca.1400);: regreter, itself from Old Norman-French regrater, regreter, influenced by Old English English, Old (ca.450-1100);: grætan[208] [89]
    reindeer
  • Norse, Old: hreindyri[209]
    rid
  • Possibly from Old Norse Norse, Old: ryðja (="to clear (land) of obstructions")[210]
    rift
  • Related to Old Norse Norse, Old: ripa/rifa (=""to tear apart, break a contract")[211]
    rig
  • Probably from a Scandinavian source. May be related to Danish/Norwegian Danish: rigge (="to equip") and Swedish Swedish: rigga (="to rig, harness")[212]
    rive
  • Norse, Old: rífa (="to scratch, plow, tear")[213]
    root
  • Norse, Old: rót[214]
    rotten
  • Norse, Old: rotinn (="decayed")[215]
    rug
  • Norse, Old: rogg (="shaggy tuft")[216]
    rugged
  • Norse, Old: rogg (="shaggy tuft")[217]
    rump
  • From a Scandinavian source related to Danish/Norwegian Norse, Old: rumpe and Swedish Norse, Old: rumpa[218]

    S

    saga
  • Norse, Old: saga (="story, tale")[219]
    sale
  • Norse, Old: sala[220]
    same
  • Norse, Old: same, samr (="same")[221]
    scale
  • (for weighing) from Norse, Old: skal (="bowl, drinking cup", or in plural "weighing scale" referring to the cup or pan part of a balance) in early English used to mean "cup"[222]
    scalp
  • From a Scandinavian source related to Old Norse Norse, Old: skalli (="a bald head") or Norse, Old: skalpr (="sheath, scabbard")[223]
    scant
  • Norse, Old: skamt and Norse, Old: skammr (="short, lacking")[224]
    scare
  • Norse, Old: skirra (="to frighten)[225]
    scarf
  • Norse, Old: skarfr (="fastening joint") ("scarf" and "scarves" have possibly been reintroduced to modern Swedish in their English forms as slang, but Swedes almost always use the compound "neck-cloth" (hals-duk).[226]
    scathe
  • Norse, Old: skaða (="to hurt, injure")[227]
    scoff
  • From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Norse, Old: skaup, skop (="mockery, ridicule")[228]
    scofflaw
  • From scoff + law, both of which are of Old Norse origin.[229]
    scold
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: skald (="poet")[230]
    scorch
  • Perhaps from Old Norse Norse, Old: skorpna (="to be shriveled"). It was previously thought to be from Old French, but this is now considered unlikely.[231]
    score
  • Norse, Old: skor (="notch"; "twenty")[232]
    scowl
  • Probably from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegian Norwegian: skule (="look furtively, squint, look embarrassed") and Danish Danish: skule (="to scowl, cast down the eyes")[233]
    scrag
  • Related to Norwegian Norwegian: skragg "a lean person;" dialectal Swedish Norse, Old: skraka "a great, dry tree; a long, lean man," Norse, Old: skragge "old and torn thing," Danish Norse, Old: skrog "hull of a ship; carcass," Icelandic Norse, Old: skröggr, a nickname of the fox[234]
    scrap
  • Norse, Old: skrap (="scraps, trifles") from Norse, Old: skrapa[235]
    scrape
  • Norse, Old: skrapa (="to scrape, erase")[236]
    scrawny
  • Of uncertain origin but probably from a Scandinavian source, such as Old Norse Norse, Old: skrælna (="to shrivel")[237]
    scree
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: skriða (="landslide")[238]
    scuff
  • Probably from a Scandinavian source related to Old Norse Norse, Old: skufa, skyfa (="to shove, push aside"), via Scottish[239]
    seat
  • Norse, Old: sæti (="seat, position")[240]
    seem
  • Norse, Old: sœma (="to conform")[241]
    shrimp
  • Probably from or related to Old Norse Norse, Old: skreppa (="thin person")[242]
    shrivel
  • Perhaps from a Scandinavian source and related to Swedish Norse, Old: skryvla (="to wrinkle, to shrivel")[243]
    shrug
  • perhaps connected to Danish Norse, Old: skrugge "to stoop, crouch."[244]
    silt
  • Probably from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegian and Danish Danish: sylt (="salt marsh") and Old Swedish Norse, Old: sylta (="mud")[245]
    skate
  • Norse, Old: skata (="fish")[246]
    skeet
  • ultimately from Old Norse Norse, Old: skjota (="to shoot")[247]
    skerry
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: sker[248]
    skewer
  • Possibly from Old Norse Norse, Old: skifa (="a cut, slice")[249]
    ski
  • From Norwegian Norwegian: ski, related to Old Norse Norse, Old: skið (="long snowshoe")[250]
    skid
  • Probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Norse, Old: skið (="stick of wood")[251]
    skill
  • Norse, Old: skil (="distinction")[252]
    skin
  • Norse, Old: skinn (="animal hide")[253]
    skip
  • Norse, Old: skopa (="to skip, run)[254]
    skit
  • Perhaps ultimately from Old Norse Norse, Old: skjuta (="to shoot, move quickly")[255]
    skitter, skittish: Perhaps relate to Old Norse Norse, Old: skjota[256]
  • skirt
  • Norse, Old: skyrta (="shirt")[257]
    skive
  • From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Norse, Old: skifa (="to cut, split")[258]
    skrike
  • Norse, Old: skríkja (="to scream")[259]
    skua
  • from Faroese Faroese: skugvur, related to Old Norse Norse, Old: skufr (="seagull, tuft, tassel"), and possibly to Norse, Old: skauf (="fox's tail").[260]
    skull
  • Norse, Old: skulle (="head")[261]
    sky
  • Norse, Old: ský (="cloud")[262]
    skyscraper
  • From sky + scrape, both of which originate from Old Norse[263]
    slam
  • From a Scandinavian source, ultimately of imitative origin.[264]
    slant
  • Norse, Old: sletta, slenta (="to throw carelessly")[265]
    slaughter
  • Norse, Old: *slahtr (="butchering")[266]
    slaver
  • Norse, Old: slafra (="slaver")[267]
    sledge
  • Norse, Old: sleggja (="sledgehammer")[268]
    sleight
  • Norse, Old: slœgð[269]
    sleuth
  • Norse, Old: sloð (="trail")[270]
    slight
  • Probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Norse, Old: slettr (="smooth, sleek")[271]
    sling
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: slyngva[272]
    slob
  • From a Scandinavian source via Irish[273]
    slouch
  • Related to Old Norse Norse, Old: slokr ("lazy fellow")[274]
    slump
  • Probably from a Scandinavian source such as Norwegian and Danish Danish: slumpe (="fall upon,") Swedish Swedish: slumpa; perhaps ultimately of imitative origin.[275]
    slush
  • Perhaps from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegian and Danish Danish: slask (="slushy ground")[276]
    sly
  • Norse, Old: sloegr (="cunning, crafty, sly")[277]
    smithy
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: smiðja[278]
    snag
  • From a Scandinavian source, related Old Norse Norse, Old: snagi (="clothes peg")[279]
    snare
  • Norse, Old: snara (="noose, snare")[280]
    snape
  • Norse, Old: sneypa (="to outrage, dishonor, disgrace")[281]
    snipe
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: -snipa[282]
    sniper
  • From English snipe, which was derived from Old Norse[283]
    snub
  • Norse, Old: snubba (="to curse")[284]
    snug, snuggle: Perhaps from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Norse, Old: snoggr (="short-haired")[285]
  • spike
  • perhaps from or related to a Scandinavian word, such as Old Norse Norse, Old: spik "splinter," Middle Swedish Swedish: spijk "nail".[286]
    sprint
  • Norse, Old: spretta (="to jump up")[287]
    squabble
  • probably from a Scandinavian source and of imitative origin[288]
    squall
  • Probably from a Scandinavian source, such as Old Norse Norse, Old: skvala (="to cry out")[289]
    stack
  • From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Norse, Old: stakkr (="haystack")[290]
    stagger
  • Norse, Old: stakra (="to push")[291]
    stain
  • Norse, Old: steina (="to paint")[292]
    steak
  • Norse, Old: steik, Norse, Old: steikja (="to fry")[293]
    stern (nautical): probably from a Scandinavian source, such as Old Norse Norse, Old: stjorn "a steering," related to or derived from Norse, Old: styra "to guide".[294]
  • stoup
  • From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Norse, Old: staup (="cup")[295]
    stumble
  • Probably from a Scandinavian source, may be related to Norwegian Norwegian: stumla, Swedish Swedish: stambla (="to stumble")[296]
    swag
  • From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Norse, Old: sveggja (="to swing, sway")[297]
    swain
  • from Old Norse Norse, Old: sveinn "boy, servant, attendant".[298]
    sway
  • Norse, Old: sveigja (="to bend, swing, give way")[299]

    T

    tag
  • Probably from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegian Norwegian: tagg (="point, prong, barb") and Swedish Swedish: tagg (="prickle, thorn")[300]
    tangle
  • From a Scandinavian source, possibly related to Old Norse Norse, Old: þongull[301]
    take
  • Norse, Old: taka[302]
    tarn
  • Norse, Old: tjǫrn, Norse, Old: tjarn[303]
    tatter
  • From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Norse, Old: töturr (="rags, tatters, tattered garment")[304]
    teem
  • Norse, Old: tœma (="to empty")[305]
    tern
  • From a Scandinavian source akin via East Anglian dialect[306]
    tether
  • Probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Norse, Old: tjoðr (="tether")[307]
    their
  • Norse, Old: þeirra[308]
    they
  • Norse, Old: þeir[309]
    though
  • from Old English English, Old (ca.450-1100);: þēah, and in part from Old Norse Norse, Old: þó (="though")[310]
    thrall
  • Norse, Old: þræll[311]
    thrift
  • Norse, Old: þrift (="prosperity")[312]
    thrive
  • From a Scandinavian source akin to Norse, Old: þrifask (="to thrive", originally "grasp to oneself")[313]
    thrust
  • Norse, Old: þrysta (="to thrust, force")[314]
    thwart
  • Norse, Old: þvert (="across")[315]
    tidings
  • Norse, Old: tíðindi (="news of events")[316]
    tight
  • Norse, Old: þéttr (="watertight, close in texture, solid")[317]
    till
  • Norse, Old: til (="to, until")[318]
    toft
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: topt (="homestead")[319]
    toom
  • Norse, Old: tóm (="vacant time, leisure")
    toss
  • Of uncertain origin, possibly from a Scandinavian source[320]
    trash
  • Perhaps from Old Norse Norse, Old: tros (="rubbish, fallen leaves and twigs")[321]
    troll
  • Norse, Old: troll (="giant, fiend, demon"; further etymology is disputed)[322]
    trust (verb): Norse, Old: traust (="help, confidence")[323]
  • tryst
  • from Old French French, Old (842-ca.1400);: tristre (="waiting place, appointed station in hunting"), probably from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Norse, Old: treysta (="to trust, make firm").[324]
    tyke
  • From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Norse, Old: tik (="bitch")[325]

    U

    ugly
  • Norse, Old: uggligr (="Dreadfull, repulsive")[326]
    until
  • from Old Norse Norse, Old: und (="as far as, up to") and Norse, Old: til (="until, up to")[327]

    V

    valkyrie
  • from Old Norse Norse, Old: valkyrja, literally "chooser of the slain," from Norse, Old: valr (="those slain in battle") + Norse, Old: kyrja (="chooser"), from ablaut root of Norse, Old: kjosa (="to choose")[328]
    viking
  • Norse, Old: vikingr (="one who came from the fjords", Norse, Old: vik = small and not deep fjord)[329]
    vole
  • Probably from Old Norse Norse, Old: völlr (="field")[330]

    W

    wad
  • from Old Norse Norse, Old: vaðmal[331]
    wag
  • Probably from a Scandinavian source related Old Norse Norse, Old: vagga (="a cradle")[332]
    waif
  • Probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Norse, Old: veif (="waving thing, flag") via Anglo-French waif[333]
    wail
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: væla (="to lament")[334]
    waive, waiver: from Anglo-French weyver "to abandon, waive" (Old French French, Old (842-ca.1400);: guever "to abandon, give back"), probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Norse, Old: veifa "to swing about".[335]
  • walrus
  • A loanword from Dutch, but probably ultimately an alteration of a Scandinavian word.[336]
    wand
  • Norse, Old: vondr (="rod")[337]
    want
  • Norse, Old: vanta (="to lack")[338]
    wapentake
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: vapnatak[339]
    wassail
  • From Old Norse Norse, Old: vas heill (="be healthy")[340]
    weak
  • Norse, Old: veikr (="weak, pliant")[341]
    wheeze
  • Probably from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Norse, Old: hvoesa (="to hiss")[342]
    whirl
  • Norse, Old: hvirfla (="to go around")[343]
    whisk
  • Norse, Old: viska (="to plait")[344]
    wicker
  • From a Scandinavian source, related to Danish Danish: viger and Middle Swedish Norse, Old: viker[345]
    wicket
  • Norse, Old: vík (="bay") + French suffix French: -et through Anglo-Norman wicket, itself from Old Norman-French Uncoded languages: wiket, Norman-French viquet > French French: guichet[346] [347]
    wight
  • Norse, Old: vigr (="able in battle") – the other wight meaning "man" is from Old English[348]
    wile
  • Norse, Old: vél (="trick, craft, fraud")[349]
    windlass
  • Norse, Old: vindáss (= "windlass", literally "winding-pole"), through Old Norman / Anglo-Norman windas, from Norse, Old: vinda ("to wind") + Norse, Old: áss ("pole").[350] [351]
    window
  • Norse, Old: vindauga (="wind-eye") – although Norse, Old: gluggi was more commonly used in Old Norse[352]
    wing
  • Norse, Old: vængr (="a wing")[353]
    wreck
  • From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Norse, Old: *wrek (="wreck, flotsam"), via Anglo-Norman wrec[354]
    wrong
  • Norse, Old: rangr (="crooked, wry, wrong")[355]

    Y

    yaw
  • Perhaps ultimately from Old Norse Norse, Old: jaga[356]

    See also

    External links

    Notes and References

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    2. Web site: Aloft. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    3. Web site: Anger. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    4. Web site: Are. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    5. Web site: Auk. Online Etymology Dictionary. 7 October 2023.
    6. Web site: Awe. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    7. Web site: Awesome. Online Etymology Dictionary. 11 April 2024.
    8. Web site: Awful. Online Etymology Dictionary. 11 April 2024.
    9. Web site: Awkward. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
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    11. Web site: Axle. Online Etymology Dictionary. 8 January 2023.
    12. Web site: Bag. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    13. Web site: Bait. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    14. Web site: Band. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    15. Web site: Bank. Online Etymology Dictionary. 7 October 2023.
    16. Web site: Bark. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    17. Web site: Bash. Online Etymology Dictionary. 11 March 2023.
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    24. Web site: Bleak. Online Etymology Dictionary. 24 July 2010.
    25. Web site: Blend. Online Etymology Dictionary. 18 October 2022.
    26. Web site: Blister. Online Etymology Dictionary. 8 March 2023.
    27. Web site: Bloat. Online Etymology Dictionary. 8 March 2023.
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    40. Web site: Bull. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    41. Web site: Bump. Online Etymology Dictionary. 5 March 2023.
    42. Web site: Bur. Online Etymology Dictionary. 8 March 2023.
    43. Web site: Bylaw. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    44. Web site: Cake. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    45. Web site: Call. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    46. Web site: Cart. Online Etymology Dictionary. 8 March 2023.
    47. Web site: Cast. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    48. Web site: Chubby. Online Etymology Dictionary. 9 October 2023.
    49. Web site: Clip. Online Etymology Dictionary. 14 October 2010.
    50. Web site: Club. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    51. Web site: Clumsy. Online Etymology Dictionary. 16 January 2023.
    52. Web site: Cog. Online Etymology Dictionary. 29 October 2022.
    53. Web site: Cozy. Online Etymology Dictionary. 29 October 2022.
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    64. Web site: Cur. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
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    74. Web site: Doze. Online Etymology Dictionary. 8 June 2023.
    75. Web site: Dregs. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
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    79. Web site: Equip. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2014.
    80. Elisabeth Ridel, Les Vikings et les mots : L'apport de l'ancien scandinave à la langue française, éditions Errance, Paris, 2009, p. 198.
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    82. Web site: Fellow. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    83. Web site: Filly. Online Etymology Dictionary. 6 January 2023.
    84. Web site: Fir. Online Etymology Dictionary. 9 October 2023.
    85. Web site: Firth. Online Etymology Dictionary. 8 January 2023.
    86. Web site: Fjord. Online Etymology Dictionary. 26 October 2022.
    87. Web site: Flag. Online Etymology Dictionary. 4 January 2023.
    88. Web site: Flaneur. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2014.
    89. Elisabeth Ridel, Les Vikings et les mots : L'apport de l'ancien scandinave à la langue française, éditions Errance, Paris, 2009.
    90. Web site: Flat. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    91. Web site: Flaunt. Online Etymology Dictionary. 11 March 2023.
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    93. Web site: Fleck. Online Etymology Dictionary. 6 January 2023.
    94. Web site: Fling. Online Etymology Dictionary. 17 October 2022.
    95. Web site: Flit. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    96. Web site: Floe. Online Etymology Dictionary. 11 March 2023.
    97. Web site: Flounder. Online Etymology Dictionary. 22 October 2022.
    98. Web site: Fluster. Online Etymology Dictionary. 16 January 2023.
    99. Web site: Fog. Online Etymology Dictionary. 14 October 2010.
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    101. Web site: Freckle. Online Etymology Dictionary. 14 October 2010.
    102. Web site: gab. Online Etymology Dictionary. 5 December 2014.
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    105. Web site: Gang. Online Etymology Dictionary.
    106. Web site: Gad. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 23 December 2010.
    107. Web site: Gag. Online Etymology Dictionary. 4 March 2023.
    108. Web site: Gain. Online Etymology Dictionary. 25 March 2024.
    109. Web site: Gait. Online Etymology Dictionary. 11 March 2023.
    110. Web site: Gale. Online Etymology Dictionary. 6 January 2023.
    111. Web site: Online Etymology Dictionary. www.etymonline.com. en. 2017-09-06.
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    114. Web site: Gasp. Online Etymology Dictionary. 18 October 2022.
    115. Web site: Gaunt. Online Etymology Dictionary. 11 January 2023.
    116. Web site: Gawk. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    117. Web site: Gear. Online Etymology Dictionary. 19 October 2022.
    118. Web site: Geld. Online Etymology Dictionary. 22 October 2022.
    119. Web site: Gelding. Online Etymology Dictionary. 22 October 2022.
    120. Web site: Get. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    121. Web site: Geyser. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    122. Web site: Gift. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    123. Web site: Gill. Online Etymology Dictionary. 22 October 2022.
    124. Web site: Girth. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    125. Web site: Give. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    126. Web site: Glitter. Online Etymology Dictionary. 21 July 2010.
    127. Web site: Gloat. Online Etymology Dictionary. 6 January 2022.
    128. Web site: Gosling. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    129. Web site: Grovel. Online Etymology Dictionary. 8 January 2023.
    130. Web site: Guest. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    131. Web site: Gun. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    132. Web site: Gust. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    133. Web site: Haggle. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    134. Web site: Hail. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    135. Web site: Hank. Online Etymology Dictionary. 11 January 2023.
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    137. Web site: Harness. Online Etymology Dictionary. 19 October 2022.
    138. Web site: Harsh. Online Etymology Dictionary. 3 December 2023.
    139. Elisabeth Ridel, Les Vikings et les mots : L'apport de l'ancien scandinave à la langue française, éditions Errance, Paris, 2009, pp. 222–223.
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    143. Web site: Hit. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    144. Web site: How. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
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    162. Web site: Lass. Online Etymology Dictionary. 6 January 2023.
    163. Web site: Lathe. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
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    165. Web site: Leg. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
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    168. Web site: Likely. Online Etymology Dictionary. 21 July 2010.
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    191. Web site: Nudge. Online Etymology Dictionary. 15 January 2023.
    192. Web site: Oaf. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    193. Web site: Odd. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    194. Web site: Ombudsman. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    195. Web site: Outlaw. Online Etymology Dictionary. 14 October 2010.
    196. Web site: Peen. Online Etymology Dictionary. 16 January 2023.
    197. Web site: Plow. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    198. Web site: Prod. Online Etymology Dictionary. 6 January 2023.
    199. Web site: Queasy. Online Etymology Dictionary. 27 July 2023.
    200. Web site: Race. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    201. Web site: Raft. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    202. Web site: Rag. Online Etymology Dictionary. 8 January 2023.
    203. Web site: Ragged. Online Etymology Dictionary. 9 June 2023.
    204. Web site: Ragtag. Online Etymology Dictionary. 9 June 2023.
    205. Web site: Raise. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    206. Web site: Ransack. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    207. Web site: Reef. Online Etymology Dictionary. 22 October 2022.
    208. Web site: Regret. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2014.
    209. Web site: Reindeer. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    210. Web site: Rid. Online Etymology Dictionary. 18 October 2022.
    211. Web site: Rift. Online Etymology Dictionary. 6 January 2023.
    212. Web site: Rig. Online Etymology Dictionary. 16 January 2023.
    213. Web site: Rive. Oxford University Press. 13 July 2010.
    214. Web site: Root. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    215. Web site: Rotten. Online Etymology Dictionary. 21 July 2010.
    216. Web site: Rug. Online Etymology Dictionary. 17 October 2022.
    217. Web site: Rugged. Online Etymology Dictionary. 14 October 2010.
    218. Web site: Rump. Online Etymology Dictionary. 17 October 2022.
    219. Web site: Saga. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    220. Web site: Sale. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    221. Web site: Same. Online Etymology Dictionary. 21 July 2010.
    222. Web site: Scale. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    223. Web site: Scalp. Online Etymology Dictionary. 5 March 2023.
    224. Web site: Scant. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    225. Web site: Scare. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    226. Web site: Scarf. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    227. Web site: Scathe. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    228. Web site: Scoff. Online Etymology Dictionary. 5 March 2023.
    229. Web site: Scofflaw. Online Etymology Dictionary. 23 December 2023.
    230. Web site: Scold. Online Etymology Dictionary. 6 January 2023.
    231. Web site: Scorch. Online Etymology Dictionary. 5 March 2023.
    232. Web site: Score. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    233. Web site: Scowl. Online Etymology Dictionary. 16 January 2023.
    234. Web site: Scrag. Online Etymology Dictionary. 11 March 2023.
    235. Web site: Scrap. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    236. Web site: Scrape. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    237. Web site: Scrawny. Online Etymology Dictionary. 5 January 2023.
    238. Web site: Scree. Online Etymology Dictionary. 29 October 2022.
    239. Web site: Scuff. Online Etymology Dictionary. 8 January 2023.
    240. Web site: Seat. Online Etymology Dictionary. 14 October 2010.
    241. Web site: Seem. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    242. Web site: Shrimp. Online Etymology Dictionary. 12 March 2023.
    243. Web site: Shrivel. Online Etymology Dictionary. 5 March 2023.
    244. Web site: Shrug. Online Etymology Dictionary. 4 December 2023.
    245. Web site: Silt. Online Etymology Dictionary. 16 January 2023.
    246. Web site: Skate. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    247. Web site: Skeet. Online Etymology Dictionary. 18 October 2023.
    248. Web site: Skerry. Online Etymology Dictionary. 22 October 2022.
    249. Web site: Skewer. Online Etymology Dictionary. 11 January 2023.
    250. Web site: Ski. Online Etymology Dictionary. 16 January 2023.
    251. Web site: Skid. Online Etymology Dictionary. 6 January 2023.
    252. Web site: Skill. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    253. Web site: Skin. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    254. Web site: Skip. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    255. Web site: Skit. Online Etymology Dictionary. 5 March 2023.
    256. Web site: Skitter. Online Etymology Dictionary. 11 January 2023.
    257. Web site: Skirt. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    258. Web site: Skive. Online Etymology Dictionary. 12 March 2023.
    259. Web site: skrike - Wiktionary. en.wiktionary.org. en. 2017-09-06.
    260. Web site: Skua. Online Etymology Dictionary. 9 July 2023.
    261. Web site: Skull. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    262. Web site: Sky. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    263. Web site: Skyscraper. Online Etymology Dictionary. 20 April 2023.
    264. Web site: Slam. Online Etymology Dictionary. 16 January 2023.
    265. Web site: Slant. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    266. Web site: Slaughter. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    267. Web site: Slaver. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    268. Web site: Sledge. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    269. Web site: Sleight. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    270. Web site: Sleuth. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    271. Web site: Slight. Online Etymology Dictionary. 12 March 2023.
    272. Web site: Sling. Online Etymology Dictionary. 26 October 2022.
    273. Web site: Slob. Online Etymology Dictionary. 17 January 2023.
    274. Web site: Slouch. Online Etymology Dictionary. 11 March 2023.
    275. Web site: Slump. Online Etymology Dictionary. 16 January 2023.
    276. Web site: Slush. Online Etymology Dictionary. 16 January 2023.
    277. Web site: Sly. Online Etymology Dictionary. 21 July 2010.
    278. Web site: Smithy. Online Etymology Dictionary. 8 January 2023.
    279. Web site: Snag. Online Etymology Dictionary. 8 January 2023.
    280. Web site: Snare. Online Etymology Dictionary. 25 August 2010.
    281. Web site: Snape. Online Etymology Dictionary. 17 October 2022.
    282. Web site: Snipe. Online Etymology Dictionary. 18 April 2023.
    283. Web site: Sniper. Online Etymology Dictionary. 18 April 2023.
    284. Web site: Snub. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    285. Web site: Snug. Online Etymology Dictionary. 29 October 2022.
    286. Web site: Spike. Online Etymology Dictionary. 5 January 2024.
    287. Web site: Sprint. Online Etymology Dictionary. 14 October 2010.
    288. Web site: Squabble. Online Etymology Dictionary. 8 March 2023.
    289. Web site: Squall. Online Etymology Dictionary. 22 October 2022.
    290. Web site: Stack. Online Etymology Dictionary. 8 January 2023.
    291. Web site: Stagger. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    292. Web site: Stain. Online Etymology Dictionary. 27 October 2010.
    293. Web site: Steak. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    294. Web site: Stern. Online Etymology Dictionary. 18 October 2023.
    295. Web site: Stoup. Online Etymology Dictionary. 12 March 2023.
    296. Web site: Stumble. Online Etymology Dictionary. 16 January 2023.
    297. Web site: Swag. Online Etymology Dictionary. 5 January 2023.
    298. Web site: Swain. Online Etymology Dictionary. 4 December 2023.
    299. Web site: Sway. Online Etymology Dictionary. 27 October 2010.
    300. Web site: Tag. Online Etymology Dictionary. 5 March 2023.
    301. Web site: Tangle. Online Etymology Dictionary. 22 October 2022.
    302. Web site: Take. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    303. Web site: Tarn. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    304. Web site: Tatter. Online Etymology Dictionary. 5 January 2023.
    305. Web site: Teem. Online Etymology Dictionary. 24 October 2014.
    306. Web site: Tern. Online Etymology Dictionary. 16 January 2023.
    307. Web site: Tether. Online Etymology Dictionary. 8 January 2023.
    308. Web site: Their. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    309. Web site: They. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    310. Web site: Though. Online Etymology Dictionary. 21 July 2010.
    311. Web site: Thrall. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    312. Web site: Thrift. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    313. Web site: Thrive. Online Etymology Dictionary. 26 October 2022.
    314. Web site: Thrust. Online Etymology Dictionary. 21 July 2010.
    315. Web site: Thwart. Online Etymology Dictionary. 21 July 2010.
    316. Web site: Tidings. Oxford University Press. 25 August 2010.
    317. Web site: Tight. Online Etymology Dictionary. 24 July 2010.
    318. Web site: Till. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    319. Web site: Toft. Online Etymology Dictionary. 6 January 2023.
    320. Web site: Toss. Online Etymology Dictionary. 6 January 2023.
    321. Web site: Trash. Online Etymology Dictionary. 8 January 2023.
    322. Web site: Troll. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    323. Web site: Trust. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    324. Web site: Tryst. Online Etymology Dictionary. 18 July 2023.
    325. Web site: Tyke. Online Etymology Dictionary. 8 January 2023.
    326. Web site: Ugly. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    327. Web site: Until. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    328. Web site: Valkyrie. Online Etymology Dictionary. 9 July 2023.
    329. Web site: Viking. Online Etymology Dictionary. 20 July 2010.
    330. Web site: Vole. Online Etymology Dictionary. 16 January 2023.
    331. Web site: Wad. Online Etymology Dictionary. 17 October 2023.
    332. Web site: Wag. Online Etymology Dictionary. 8 January 2023.
    333. Web site: Waif. Online Etymology Dictionary. 8 March 2023.
    334. Web site: Wail. Online Etymology Dictionary. 4 January 2023.
    335. Web site: Waive. Online Etymology Dictionary. 22 April 2024.
    336. Web site: Walrus. Online Etymology Dictionary. 10 October 2023.
    337. Web site: Wand. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    338. Web site: Want. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    339. Web site: Wapentake. Online Etymology Dictionary. 8 January 2023.
    340. Web site: Wassail. Online Etymology Dictionary. 8 January 2023.
    341. Web site: Weak. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    342. Web site: Wheeze. Online Etymology Dictionary. 5 January 2023.
    343. Web site: Whirl. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    344. Web site: Whisk. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    345. Web site: Wicker. Online Etymology Dictionary. 29 October 2022.
    346. Web site: Wicket. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2014.
    347. Elisabeth Ridel, Les Vikings et les mots : L'apport de l'ancien scandinave à la langue française, éditions Errance, Paris, 2009, pp. 276–277.
    348. Web site: Wight. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    349. Web site: Wile. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    350. Hoad, TF (ed) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (1993) Oxford University Press, p. 542a
    351. Web site: Windlass. Online Etymology Dictionary. 4 December 2023.
    352. Web site: Window. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    353. Web site: Wing. Online Etymology Dictionary. 13 July 2010.
    354. Web site: Wreck. Online Etymology Dictionary. 6 January 2023.
    355. Web site: Wrong. Online Etymology Dictionary. 24 July 2010.
    356. Web site: Yaw. Online Etymology Dictionary. 16 January 2023.

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