Lichenase Explained

Licheninase
Ec Number:	3.2.1.73
Cas Number:	37288-51-0

Lichenase (licheninase, β-(1→4)-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase, 1,3, 1,4-β-glucan endohydrolase, 1,3, 1,4-β-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase, 1,3-1,4-β-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase) is an enzyme with systematic name (1→3)-(1→4)-β-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase.^{[1] [2]} It was named after its activity in on lichenin (a form of mixed-linkage glucan).

Activity

This enzyme catalyses hydrolysis of β-(1,4)-D-glucosidic linkages in mixed-linkage glucans containing both (1,3)- and (1,4)-bonds

Specificity

The best-characterised variant of this of enzyme is Bacillus subtilis lichenase, which is used as a molecular biology tool in determining the structure of mixed-linkage glucans.^{[3] [4] [5]} This variant cleaves (1,4) bonds that immediately follow a (1,3) bond.^[6]

Other lichenases have different specificities, for example Aspergillus japonicus lichenase cleaves (1,4) bonds that immediately precede a (1,3) bond.^[7]

Structure

Lichenases are from glycoside hydrolase family 16, and share a jellyroll structure.^{[8] [9] [10]} A deep surface cleft acts as the substrate binding site.

Notes and References

1. Book: Cellulases and Their Applications. Barras DR, Moore AE, Stone BA . 1969 . 95 . 105–138 . 10.1021/ba-1969-0095.ch008 . Enzyme-Substrate Relationships Among β-Glucan Hydrolases . Advances in Chemistry . 0-8412-0095-5 .
2. Web site: Lichenase endo-1-3-1-4-beta-D-Glucanase Bacillus subtilis. megazyme.com. 2019-06-25.
3. McCleary. Barry V. Codd. Rachel. 1991. Measurement of (1 → 3),(1 → 4)-β-D-glucan in barley and oats: A streamlined enzymic procedure. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 55. 2. 303–312. 10.1002/jsfa.2740550215. 1991JSFA...55..303M . 0022-5142.
4. Mangan. D.. Liadova. A.. Ivory. R.. McCleary. B. V.. 2016-11-29. Novel approaches to the automated assay of β-glucanase and lichenase activity. Carbohydrate Research. 435. 162–172. 10.1016/j.carres.2016.10.006. 27810709. 0008-6215.
5. Yoo. Dong-Hyung. Lee. Byung-Hoo. Chang. Pahn-Shick. Lee. Hyeon Gyu. Yoo. Sang-Ho. 2007-03-01. Improved Quantitative Analysis of Oligosaccharides from Lichenase-Hydrolyzed Water-Soluble Barley β-Glucans by High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 55. 5. 1656–1662. 10.1021/jf062603l. 17284049. 0021-8561.
6. Book: McCleary, Barry V. . 1988-01-01 . 160. 572–575 . Academic Press. 10.1016/0076-6879(88)60170-4 . 9780121820619. Lichenase from Bacillus subtilis . Biomass Part A: Cellulose and Hemicellulose . Methods in Enzymology .
7. Grishutin. Sergei G.. Gusakov. Alexander V.. Dzedzyulya. Ekaterina I.. Sinitsyn. Arkady P.. 2006. A lichenase-like family 12 endo-(1→4)-β-glucanase from Aspergillus japonicus: study of the substrate specificity and mode of action on β-glucans in comparison with other glycoside hydrolases. Carbohydrate Research. en. 341. 2. 218–229. 10.1016/j.carres.2005.11.011. 16343463.
8. Hahn. Michael. Pons. Jaume. Planas. Antoni. Querol. Enrique. Heinemann. Udo. 1995-10-30. Crystal structure of Bacillus licheniformis 1,3-1,4-β- d -glucan 4-glucanohydrolase at 1.8 Å resolution. FEBS Letters. en. 374. 2. 221–224. 10.1016/0014-5793(95)01111-Q. 7589539. free. 1995FEBSL.374..221H .
9. Journal of Molecular Biology. Crystal structure of a natural circularly-permutated jellyroll protein: 1,3-1,4-β-D-glucanase from Fibrobacter succinogenes. Tsai. L.-C.. Shyur. L.-F.. 2003-07-15. Lee. S.-H.. Lin. S.-S.. Yuan. H.S.. 330. 3. 607–620. 10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00630-2. 12842475.
10. Furtado. Gilvan Pessoa. Ribeiro. Lucas Ferreira. Santos. Camila Ramos. Tonoli. Celisa Caldana. de Souza. Angelica Rodrigues. Oliveira. Renata Rocha. Murakami. Mario Tyago. Ward. Richard John. 2011-05-01. Biochemical and structural characterization of a β-1,3–1,4-glucanase from Bacillus subtilis 168. Process Biochemistry. 46. 5. 1202–1206. 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.01.037. 1359-5113. free.