Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors explained
The leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR) are a family of receptors possessing extracellular immunoglobulin domains.[1] They are also known as CD85, ILTs and LIR, and can exert immunomodulatory effects on a wide range of immune cells.[2] The human genes encoding these receptors are found in a gene cluster at chromosomal region 19q13.4.
They include
A subset of LILR recognise MHC class I (also known as HLA class I in humans). The LILR family is a cluster of paired receptors with both activating and inhibitory functions.[3] Of these, the inhibitory receptors LILRB1 and LILRB2 show a broad specificity for classical and non-classical MHC alleles with preferential binding to b2m-associated complexes. In contrast, the activating receptors LILRA1 and LILRA3 prefer b2m-independent free heavy chains of MHC class I, and in particular HLA-C alleles.[4]
See also
Notes and References
- David E. Sloane . Nicodemus Tedla . Muyiwa Awoniyi . Donald W. MacGlashan Jr. . Luis Borges . K. Frank Austen . Jonathan P. Arm . Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors: novel innate receptors for human basophil activation and inhibition . . 104 . 9 . 2832–2839 . November 2004 . 15242876 . 10.1182/blood-2004-01-0268 .
- Damian Brown, Rachel L Allen, & John Trowsdale. The LILR family: modulators of innate and adaptive immune pathways in health and disease. Tissue Antigens (2004) 64:215 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0001-2815.2004.00290.x/pdf
- Burshtyn . Deborah N. . Morcos . Chris . The Expanding Spectrum of Ligands for Leukocyte Ig-like Receptors . The Journal of Immunology . 2016-02-01 . 196 . 3 . 947–955 . 10.4049/jimmunol.1501937. 26802060 . free .
- Jones DC, Kosmoliaptsis V, Apps R, Lapaque N, Smith I, Kono A, Chang C, Boyle LH, Taylor CJ, Trowsdale J, Allen RL . HLA class I allelic sequence and conformation regulate leukocyte Ig-like receptor binding . J Immunol . 186 . 5 . 2990–7 . Mar 2011 . 21270408 . 10.4049/jimmunol.1003078 . free .
