Lateral body explained

Lateral bodies are structures that sit on the concave sides of the viral core of a poxvirus and is surrounded by a membrane.[1] They serve as immunomodulatory delivery packets, and membrane cloaking to spread poxviruses.[2] They were first visualized using electron microscopy in 1956 and shortly after, it was shown that they detach from the viral core upon membrane fusion.[3] [4]

Lateral body proteins

Lateral bodies are made up of at least three proteins, phosphoprotein F17, dual-specificity phosphatase H1 and the viral oxidoreductase G4.[5] F17 is the main structural protein and may play a role in modulating cellular immune response through MAPK signaling pathways.[6] H1 dephosphorylates STAT1 to prevent nuclear transcription and block IFNy-induced immune signaling. Finally, G4 is essential for viral morphogenesis. Additionally, the proteins packed in lateral bodies are redox proteins, which modulates the host oxidative response impacting early gene expression and virion production. [7]

Notes and References

  1. Bidgood . Susanna R. . 2019-01-30 . Continued poxvirus research: From foe to friend . PLOS Biology . en . 17 . 1 . e3000124 . 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000124 . 1545-7885 . 6370227 . 30699104 . free .
  2. Bidgood . Susanna R. . Mercer . Jason . 2015-08-21 . Cloak and Dagger: Alternative Immune Evasion and Modulation Strategies of Poxviruses . Viruses . 7 . 8 . 4800–4825 . 10.3390/v7082844 . 1999-4915 . 4576205 . 26308043. free .
  3. Peters . D. . 1956-12-29 . Morphology of resting vaccinia virus . Nature . 178 . 4548 . 1453–1455 . 10.1038/1781453a0 . 0028-0836 . 13387736. 2136476 . free .
  4. Dales . Samuel . The uptake and development of vaccinia virus in strain L cells followed with labeled viral deoxyribonucleic acid . 1963-07-01 . The Journal of Cell Biology . 18 . 1 . 51–72 . 10.1083/jcb.18.1.51 . 0021-9525 . 2106286 . 14024720.
  5. Schmidt . Florian Ingo . Bleck . Christopher Karl Ernst . Reh . Lucia . Novy . Karel . Wollscheid . Bernd . Helenius . Ari . Stahlberg . Henning . Mercer . Jason . 2013-08-15 . Vaccinia virus entry is followed by core activation and proteasome-mediated release of the immunomodulatory effector VH1 from lateral bodies . Cell Reports . 4 . 3 . 464–476 . 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.06.028 . 2211-1247 . 23891003. 27275011 . free . 20.500.11850/70158 . free .
  6. Wickramasekera . Nadi T. . Traktman . Paula . July 2010 . Structure/Function Analysis of the Vaccinia Virus F18 Phosphoprotein, an Abundant Core Component Required for Virion Maturation and Infectivity . Journal of Virology . 84 . 13 . 6846–6860 . 10.1128/JVI.00399-10 . 0022-538X . 2903294 . 20392848.
  7. Bidgood . Susanna . Novy . Karel . Collopy . Abigail . Albrecht . David . Krause . Melanie . Burden . Jemima . Wollscheid . Bernd . Mercer . Jason . 2020 . Poxviruses package viral redox proteins in lateral bodies and modulate the host oxidative respons . 10.1101/2020.12.09.418319 . 229293533 . free . 20.500.11850/559984 . free .

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