Lanthanum decahydride explained

Lanthanum decahydride is a polyhydride or superhydride compound of lanthanum and hydrogen (LaH10) that has shown evidence of being a high-temperature superconductor. It was the first metal superhydride to be theoretically predicted,[1] [2] synthesized,[3] and experimentally confirmed[4] to superconduct at near room-temperatures. It has a superconducting transition temperature TC around at a pressure of 150GPa, and its synthesis required pressures above approximately 160GPa.[5]

Synopsis

Since its discovery in 2019,[6] the superconducting properties of LaH10 and other lanthanum-based superhydrides have been experimentally confirmed in multiple independent experiments.[7] [8] [9] [10] The compound exhibits a Meissner effect below the superconducting transition temperature.[11] A cubic form can be synthesized at, and a hexagonal crystal structure can be formed at room temperature.[12] Further reports indicate Tc is increased with nitrogen doping,[13] and decreased with the introduction of magnetic impurities.[14]

The cubic form has each lanthanum atom surrounded by 32 hydrogen atoms, which form the vertices of an 18-faced shape called a chamfered cube.[15]

A similar compound, lanthanum boron octahydride, was computationally predicted to be a superconductor at and pressure 50GPa.[16]

Notes and References

  1. Peng . Feng . Sun . Ying . Pickard . Chris J. . Needs . Richard J. . Wu . Qiang . Ma . Yanming . 2017-09-08 . Hydrogen Clathrate Structures in Rare Earth Hydrides at High Pressures: Possible Route to Room-Temperature Superconductivity . Physical Review Letters . 119 . 10 . 107001 . 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.107001. 28949166 . 2017PhRvL.119j7001P .
  2. Liu . Hanyu . Naumov . Ivan I. . Hoffmann . Roald . Ashcroft . N. W. . Hemley . Russell J. . 2017-07-03 . Potential high- T c superconducting lanthanum and yttrium hydrides at high pressure . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . en . 114 . 27 . 6990–6995 . 10.1073/pnas.1704505114 . free . 0027-8424 . 5502634 . 28630301.
  3. Geballe . Zachary M. . Liu . Hanyu . Mishra . Ajay K. . Ahart . Muhtar . Somayazulu . Maddury . Meng . Yue . Baldini . Maria . Hemley . Russell J. . 2018-01-15 . Synthesis and Stability of Lanthanum Superhydrides . Angewandte Chemie . en . 130 . 3 . 696–700 . 10.1002/ange.201709970 . 2018AngCh.130..696G . 0044-8249.
  4. Somayazulu . Maddury . Ahart . Muhtar . Mishra . Ajay K. . Geballe . Zachary M. . Baldini . Maria . Meng . Yue . Struzhkin . Viktor V. . Hemley . Russell J. . 2019-01-14 . Evidence for Superconductivity above 260 K in Lanthanum Superhydride at Megabar Pressures . Physical Review Letters . 122 . 2 . 027001 . 1808.07695 . 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.027001. 30720326 . 2019PhRvL.122b7001S .
  5. 10.1038/s41598-020-58065-9 . From LaH10 to room–temperature superconductors . M. Kostrzewa . K. M. Szczęśniak . A. P. Durajski . R. Szczęśniak . 31 January 2020 . Scientific Reports . 10 . 1 . 1592 . 32005852 . 6994605 . 1905.12308 . 2020NatSR..10.1592K .
  6. Somayazulu . Maddury . Ahart . Muhtar . Mishra . Ajay K. . Geballe . Zachary M. . Baldini . Maria . Meng . Yue . Struzhkin . Viktor V. . Hemley . Russell J. . 2019-01-14 . Evidence for Superconductivity above 260 K in Lanthanum Superhydride at Megabar Pressures . Physical Review Letters . 122 . 2 . 027001 . 1808.07695 . 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.027001. 30720326 . 2019PhRvL.122b7001S .
  7. Drozdov . A. P. . Kong . P. P. . Minkov . V. S. . Besedin . S. P. . Kuzovnikov . M. A. . Mozaffari . S. . Balicas . L. . Balakirev . F. F. . Graf . D. E. . Prakapenka . V. B. . Greenberg . E. . Knyazev . D. A. . Tkacz . M. . Eremets . M. I. . May 2019 . Superconductivity at 250 K in lanthanum hydride under high pressures . Nature . en . 569 . 7757 . 528–531 . 10.1038/s41586-019-1201-8 . 31118520 . 1812.01561 . 2019Natur.569..528D . 119231000 . 0028-0836.
  8. Hong . Fang . Yang . Liuxiang . Shan . Pengfei . Yang . Pengtao . Liu . Ziyi . Sun . Jianping . Yin . Yunyu . Yu . Xiaohui . Cheng . Jinguang . Zhao . Zhongxian . 2020-10-01 . Superconductivity of Lanthanum Superhydride Investigated Using the Standard Four-Probe Configuration under High Pressures* . Chinese Physics Letters . 37 . 10 . 107401 . 10.1088/0256-307X/37/10/107401 . 2020ChPhL..37j7401H . 250921188 . 0256-307X.
  9. Semenok . Dmitrii V. . Troyan . Ivan A. . Ivanova . Anna G. . Kvashnin . Alexander G. . Kruglov . Ivan A. . Hanfland . Michael . Sadakov . Andrey V. . Sobolevskiy . Oleg A. . Pervakov . Kirill S. . Lyubutin . Igor S. . Glazyrin . Konstantin V. . Giordano . Nico . Karimov . Denis N. . Vasiliev . Alexander L. . Akashi . Ryosuke . 2021-09-01 . Superconductivity at 253 K in lanthanum–yttrium ternary hydrides . Materials Today . 48 . 18–28 . 10.1016/j.mattod.2021.03.025 . 1369-7021. 2012.04787 .
  10. Semenok . Dmitrii V. . Troyan . Ivan A. . Sadakov . Andrey V. . Zhou . Di . Galasso . Michele . Kvashnin . Alexander G. . Ivanova . Anna G. . Kruglov . Ivan A. . Bykov . Alexey A. . Terent'ev . Konstantin Y. . Cherepakhin . Alexander V. . Sobolevskiy . Oleg A. . Pervakov . Kirill S. . Seregin . Alexey Yu. . Helm . Toni . October 2022 . Effect of Magnetic Impurities on Superconductivity in LaH 10 . Advanced Materials . en . 34 . 42 . e2204038 . 10.1002/adma.202204038 . 35829689 . 2203.06500 . 2022AdM....3404038S . 247447065 . 0935-9648.
  11. Eremets . M. I. . Minkov . V. S. . Drozdov . A. P. . Kong . P. P. . Ksenofontov . V. . Shylin . S. I. . Bud'ko . S. L. . Prozorov . R. . Balakirev . F. F. . Sun . Dan . Mozzafari . S. . Balicas . L. . High‑Temperature Superconductivity in Hydrides: Experimental Evidence and Details . Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism . 10 January 2022 . 35 . 4 . 965–977 . 10.1007/s10948-022-06148-1 . free . 2201.05137 .
  12. Geballe . Zachary M. . Liu . Hanyu . Mishra . Ajay K. . Ahart . Muhtar . Somayazulu . Maddury . Meng . Yue . Baldini . Maria . Hemley . Russell J. . Synthesis and Stability of Lanthanum Superhydrides . Angewandte Chemie International Edition . 15 January 2018 . 57 . 3 . 688–692 . 10.1002/anie.201709970. 29193506 .
  13. Ge . Yanfeng . Zhang . Fan . Hemley . Russell J. . 2021-12-15 . Room-temperature superconductivity in boron- and nitrogen-doped lanthanum superhydride . Physical Review B . 104 . 21 . 214505 . 10.1103/PhysRevB.104.214505. 2012.13398 . 2021PhRvB.104u4505G . 229371105 .
  14. Sanner . T. . 1975-11-18 . Formation of transient complexes in the glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzed reaction . Biochemistry . 14 . 23 . 5094–5098 . 10.1021/bi00694a011 . 0006-2960 . 39.
  15. Web site: NNNS chemistry blog: Lanthanum decahydride . chem.vander-lingen.nl.
  16. Di Cataldo. Simone. Heil. Christoph. von der Linden. Wolfgang. Boeri. Lilia. 2021-07-29. BH8: Towards high-Tc low-pressure superconductivity in ternary superhydrides . Physical Review B. 104. 2. L020511. 10.1103/PhysRevB.104.L020511. 2102.11227. 2021PhRvB.104b0511D . 242872381 .

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