| Lamolithic house | |
| Coordinates: | 27.2692°N -82.555°W |
| Built: | 1939-1960 |
| Type: | Experimental design: Modern homes with cast-in-place lightweight reinforced concrete roof and wall structure |
Lamolithic house was the term given by Sarasota concrete businessman John Lambie to describe his unique method of building modern reinforced concrete residential structures. This building technique enabled the fabrication of thin ceiling and wall planes, thus enabling architects to draft efficient and lightweight designs. Several historic lamolithic houses were constructed by renowned architects Paul Rudolph and Ralph Twitchell (among others) on Siesta Key, Florida using this technique.[1] These homes were among the earliest examples of reinforced concrete residential construction.[2]
Beginning in the 1940s, the modern movement known as the Sarasota School of Architecture was challenging pre-conceived notions of residential design. It proposed a radical new approach to the concept of the home; minimalist geometry, virtually no interior and few exterior walls, razor-thin flat roof. Extensive use of glass. Although this ‘open-plan’ idea had initially been realized by Mies van der Rohe with his Barcelona Pavilion and by Frank Lloyd Wright with his concrete-work at Florida Southern College and Fallingwater, architects Rudolph and Twitchell were developing conceptual plans for entire neighborhoods consisting of flat concrete roof and wall planes to be built as a speculative development on Siesta Key.[3]
Concrete had the potential to be a viable, economic solution to new construction; resistant to moisture, termites and hurricanes. It permitted virtually unlimited freedom in spatial configuration. It represented the future of modern architectural design.[4] [5] [6]
Twitchell had known and worked with local concrete supplier, John E. Lambie for many years. Lambie, having worked with the progressive architects in the area, was somewhat experienced in developing new ways to utilize concrete in construction. In fact, Lambie had constructed homes with reinforced concrete for Twitchell before, dating as far back as 1939, for the Andrews House (Twitchell's secretary), as well as the Twitchell Residence.[7] [8]
The notion of forming a complete roof in place on a series of thin, steel perimeter poles was put to the test in a prototype building. The Revere Quality House was an experimental joint venture of Lambie's new Lamolithic Industries, Revere Copper Company, Architectural Forum magazine, and Twitchell / Rudolph Architects. Its mission was to promote the construction of quality, affordable houses that featured bold designs.[9] [10]
Utilizing reusable steel forms and mobile concrete mixing machines, Lambie successfully built the house entirely of concrete. To achieve the thin ceiling profile, narrow steel beams were incorporated to provide tensile strength. Lambie also pioneered an innovative passive environmental design into the roof, incorporating a thin crushed layer of shells to hold moisture. As the water evaporated, a cooling effect permeated into the home below.[11] [12]
When the Revere House was opened for tours in 1948, more than 16,000 people visited it in the first year. It was featured in Architectural Forum (October 1948),[13] Architectural Review (November 1948),[14] and House and Garden (August 1949).[15] It was advertised regularly in the Saturday Evening Post.[16]
The Revere Quality Institute House is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.[17] [18]
Simultaneously, Rudolph, Twitchell, and Lambie were already underway with the construction of a complex consisting of several lamolithic houses on the other side of Siesta Key, across the street from the famed Siesta Beach. This was Rudolph's first opportunity to experiment with a more urban design approach. The compact site encompassed four housing units with shared lamolithic privacy walls, defining inner and outer space, as well as private and public space. Despite its small footprint, Rudolph was able to create the illusion of expanded volume by staggering the open-plan structures on the site.[19] [20]
The original Rudolph design incorporated five units, but only four were completed.[21]
Reinforced concrete construction proved to be very expensive to build. When architect and former employee of Twitchell, Jack West, was interviewed in 1994, he said that the original $14,000 budget for the Revere House doubled to $28,000 by the time the house was completed. From that point forward, large-scale poured-in-place structural concrete construction was no longer used for the vast majority of homes in Florida.[22]
Sources: U.S. Library of Congress and State Library and Archive of Florida
