Lacto-ovo vegetarianism explained

Lacto-ovo vegetarianism or ovo-lacto vegetarianism is a type of vegetarianism which forbids animal flesh but allows the consumption of animal products such as dairy and eggs.[1] [2] Unlike pescetarianism, it does not include fish or other seafood. A typical ovo-lacto vegetarian diet may include fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, meat substitutes, nuts, seeds, soy, cheese, milk, yogurt and eggs.[3]

In most Western English-speaking countries, the word "vegetarian" usually refers to this type of vegetarianism; however this is not universally the case. In India, lacto-ovo vegetarians are known as "eggetarian" (a portmanteau of "egg" and "vegetarian"), as "vegetarianism" usually refers to lacto vegetarianism.[4] [5] [6] [7] [8]

Etymology

The terminology stems from the Latin lac meaning "milk" (as in 'lactation'), ovum meaning "egg", and the English term vegetarian, so as giving the definition of a vegetarian diet containing milk and eggs.

Diet

In the Western world, ovo-lacto vegetarians are the most common and most traditional type of vegetarian.[9] Generally speaking, when one uses the term vegetarian, an ovo-lacto vegetarian is assumed.[10]

Religion

In Indian religions like Hinduism and Buddhism, most individuals are either raised as ovo-lacto vegetarians or lacto vegetarians.[11]

However, consumption of egg is not considered a part of vegetarian diet in India, as egg is an animal-product that gives birth to the next generation of that species. Those who consume egg, while not consuming other non-vegetarian products (such as fish and meat), refer to themselves as 'eggitarians'.

The Bible Christian Church was a Christian vegetarian sect founded by William Cowherd in 1809.[12] Cowherd was one of the philosophical forerunners of the Vegetarian Society founded in 1847. The Bible Christian Church promoted the use of eggs, dairy and honey as God's given food per "the promised land flowing with milk and honey" (Exodus 3:8).[13]

Many Seventh-day Adventist followers are ovo-lacto vegetarians and have recommended a vegetarian diet, which may include milk products and eggs, since late 19th century.[14]

Health effects

Lacto-ovo vegetarian diets have a high overall diet quality compared to non-vegetarian diets.[15] Lacto-ovo vegetarian diets have positive effects on blood lipids such as lowering low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol and are associated with a reduced risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease.[16] [17] [18]

There is high-quality evidence that lacto-ovo vegetarian diets reduce blood pressure.[19]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Puskar-Pasewicz, Margaret. (2010). Cultural Encyclopedia of Vegetarianism. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 242.
  2. [Johanna T. Dwyer|Dwyer, Johanna T]
  3. Web site: Healthy Guidelines for Lacto-Ovo Vegetarians. 2015-04-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150427071117/http://www.dietitians.ca/Downloads/Factsheets/Guidelines-Lacto-Ovo.aspx . 2015-04-27 . dead .
  4. Web site: 2018-03-15 . 8 types of vegetarians found in India . 2022-11-18 . recipes.timesofindia.com.
  5. Web site: eggetarian-Pinkvilla . 8 April 2020 .
  6. Web site: What are you: Vegetarian, meatatarian, flexitarian, sustainitarian, reducetarian? . 2022-11-21 . www.dailyo.in . en.
  7. Web site: Sula . Mike . 2019-01-12 . Egg-O-Holic puts together Gujarat's vast eggetarian street food . 2022-11-21 . Chicago Reader . en-US.
  8. Web site: Banerjee . Krishnendu . 2022-10-15 . Virat Kohli Fittest Indian Cricketer, yet to set foot at NCA in nearly two years, Check OUT . 2022-11-21 . www.insidesport.in . en-US.
  9. Whorton, James. (2000). Vegetarianism. In K. Kiple & K. Ornelas. The Cambridge World History of Food. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1553-1564.
  10. Web site: Vegetarian (Lacto-ovo vegetarian). 2021-09-27. 2016-12-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20161211052150/http://vegetarian.about.com/od/glossary/g/Vegetarian.htm. dead.
  11. Surveys studying food habits of Indians include: "Dairy and poultry sector growth in India", Quote: "An analysis of consumption data originating from National Sample Survey (NSS) shows that 42 percent of households are vegetarian, in that they never eat fish, meat or eggs. The remaining 58 percent of households are less strict vegetarians or non-vegetarians." "Indian consumer patterns" and "Agri reform in India" . Results indicate that Indians who eat meat do so infrequently with less than 30% consuming non-vegetarian foods regularly, although the reasons may be economical. Web site: 2.3 Growth and Concentration in India[6] . November 17, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150626135438/http://www.fao.org/WAIRDOCS/LEAD/X6170E/x6170e09.htm . June 26, 2015 . bot: unknown .
  12. Web site: Julia Twigg. 1981. The Bible Christian Church. International Vegetarian Union.
  13. Web site: A History of Veganism from 1806. John Davis. International Vegetarian Union.
  14. Web site: A Position Statement on The Vegetarian Diet Adapted from the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists Nutrition Council . SDADA . 2011-10-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120529062331/http://sdada.org/position.htm . 2012-05-29 . dead .
  15. Parker, Haley W; Vadiveloo, Maya K.. 2019. Diet quality of vegetarian diets compared with nonvegetarian diets: a systematic review. Nutrition Reviews. 77. 3. 144–160. 10.1093/nutrit/nuy067. 30624697 . free.
  16. Wang F, Zheng J, Yang B, Jiang J, Fu Y, Li D.. 2015. Effects of Vegetarian Diets on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of the American Heart Association. 4. 10. e002408. 10.1161/JAHA.115.002408. 26508743. 4845138 .
  17. Dybvik, J.S., Svendsen, M. & Aune, D.. 2022. Vegetarian and vegan diets and the risk of cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. European Journal of Nutrition. 62. 1. 51–69. 10.1007/s00394-022-02942-8. 36030329. 9899747 . 251866952 .
  18. Oussalah A, Levy J, Berthezène C, Alpers DH, Guéant JL.. 2020. Health outcomes associated with vegetarian diets: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Clinical Nutrition. 39. 11. 3283–3307. 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.02.037. 32204974. 213892045 .
  19. Gibbs J, Gaskin E, Ji C, Miller MA, Cappuccio FP. . 2021. The effect of plant-based dietary patterns on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention trials. Journal of Hypertension. 39. 1. 23–37. 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002604. 33275398. 225483653 .

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