Allium ampeloprasum explained

Allium ampeloprasum is a member of the onion genus Allium. The wild plant is commonly known as wild leek or broadleaf wild leek. Its native range is southern Europe to southwestern Asia and North Africa,^[1] but it is cultivated in many other places and has become naturalized in many countries.

Allium ampeloprasum has been differentiated into five cultivated vegetables, namely leek, elephant garlic, pearl onion, kurrat, and Persian leek.

Description

Wild populations produce bulbs up to 3cm (01inches) across. Scapes are round in cross-section, each up to 180cm (70inches) tall, bearing an umbel of as many as 500 flowers. Flowers are urn-shaped, up to 6mm across; tepals white, pink or red; anthers yellow or purple; pollen yellow.^{[2] [3]}

Distribution and habitat

Allium ampeloprasum is regarded as native to all the countries bordering on the Black, Adriatic, and Mediterranean Seas from Portugal to Egypt to Romania. In Russia and Ukraine, it is considered invasive except in Crimea, where it is native. It is also native to Ethiopia, Uzbekistan, Iran and Iraq. It is considered naturalized in the United Kingdom, Ireland, the Czech Republic, the Baltic States, Belarus, the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, China, Australia (all states except Queensland and Tasmania), Mexico, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Haiti, the United States (southeastern region plus California, New York State, Ohio and Illinois), Galápagos, and Argentina.^{[4] [5] [6]} In tidewater Virginia, where it is commonly known as the "Yorktown onion", it is protected by law in York County.^[7]

The species may have been introduced to Britain by prehistoric people, where its habitat consists of rocky places near the coast in south-west England and Wales.^[8]

Cultivation

Allium ampeloprasum is the source of several vegetables, most notably:

• Leek
• Elephant garlic or great-headed garlic
• Pearl onion
• Kurrat,^[9] Egyptian leek or salad leek. This variety has small bulbs, and primarily the leaves are eaten.
• Persian leek (A. ampeloprasum ssp. persicum). A cultivated allium native to the Middle East and Iran, grown for culinary purposes and called tareh in Persian. The linear green leaves have a mild onion flavor and are eaten raw, either alone, or in food combinations.^[10]

See also

• Allium tricoccum
• Ramsons

External links

• PROTAbase on Allium ampeloprasum
• Allium ampeloprasum in Guernsey
• Allium ampeloprasum in the USA
• Flora of Israel Online

Notes and References

1. 332079-2 . Allium ampeloprasum L. .
2. Liliaceae . Dale W. . McNeal Jr. . T. D. . Jacobsen.
3. Gleason, H. A. & A.J. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
4. Web site: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew - Allium ampeloprasum L., Sp. Pl.: 294 (1753), nom. cons. . https://web.archive.org/web/20221105101122/https://wcsp.science.kew.org/namedetail.do;jsessionid=2AB1439588042139DAD04CC80F76A3A5?name_id=294972 . 2022-11-05 . wcsp.science.kew.org.
5. 24. Xu. Jiemei. Rudolf V. . Kamelin.
6. Web site: Allium ampeloprasum [Aglio porraccio] - Flora Italiana ]. 2024-10-29 . luirig.altervista.org.
7. Web site: Yorktown Onion . https://web.archive.org/web/20160811233135/http://www.yorkcounty.gov/CountyGovernment/BoardofSupervisors/BoardsandCommissions/HistoricalCommittee/YCHC/YorktownOnion.aspx . 2016-08-11 . www.yorkcounty.gov.
8. CHRISTOPHER D. PRESTON, DAVID A. PEARMAN, ALLAN R. HALL (2004) Archaeophytes in Britain Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 145 (3), 257–294, p. 264
9. Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (2004) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen; Backhuys, Leiden; CTA, Wageningen.
10. Mousavi. Amir. Kashi. Abedolkarim. Davoodi. Daryoush. Shariatpanahi. Mohammad Sanei. Characterization of an Allium Cultivated in Iran: The Persian Leek. 2006. 20794599. Belgian Journal of Botany. 139. 1. 115–123.