km is the Egyptian hieroglyph for the color black and also used to indicate conclusion or completion, in Gardiner's sign list km is numbered I6. Its phonetic value is Egyptian (Ancient);: km. The Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache ('Dictionary of the Egyptian Language') lists no less than 24 different compound variants of km including black objects such as black stone, metal, wood, hair, eyes, and animals, and in some instances applied to a person's name.[1]
Starting around the 11th-12th dynasty Ancient Egypt was referred to as Kemet ( 'km.t' ). Many scholars theorize the word may refer to the fertile black colored soil along the banks of the Nile. In other instances, beginning around this same period, the word Ta-meri (“The Beloved Land”) (tꜣ-mrj)
The Rosetta Stone of 198 BC includes the 'km.t' three times and of 22 Kmi place names for ancient Egypt, 7 use the hieroglyph iAt-
In the Demotic (Egyptian) text of the Rosetta Stone, the demotic for Egypt is 'Kmi' . There are three uses of the actual Kmi, but seven others referenced as Kmi refer to iAt in the hieroglyphs. Other euphemistic references to Egypt in the Rosetta Stone include "Ta-Mer-t", which has the meaning of the 'full/fruitful/cultivated land', hr-tAwy, the 'lands of Horus', and tAwy, the "Two Lands."
Kmi—spelling-"Egypt" —(22 places, synchronized, Demotic–Hieroglyphs)
Coming to a conclusion, or completion is one use of the km hieroglyph in the words kmt and km iri ('to make an end').[8] The discussion of the biliteral states: The conclusion of a document, written in black ink, ending the work, has the same semantic connotation.[9] (as km for 'concluding') The Rossini, Schumann-Antelme write-up states that initially the word comes from "shield", ikm, and thus the original association with the crocodile.[9]
on page 787B and 788A in the "K"-section km is rendered as "kam" and related variations follow [10]
The first 5 entries, kam, kam-t, or kamkam relate to the meaning "to end, to bring to an end, to finish, to complete" (Entry four is untranslated and is from Papyrus 3024, Lepsius, Denkmaler-(papyrus).) The references for the others in the first five are: Peasant, Die Klagen des Bauern, 1908.,[11] Thes.-(Thesaurus Inscriptionum Aegyptiacarum, Brugsch);.[12] A. Z.-(twice);[13] Shipwreck., 118-(Tale of the shipwrecked sailor);[14] Amen.-(author: Amen-em-apt);[15] and Thes. (again).
Entries 6,7 and 8 describe being black and black-colored things. also referring to Coptic refer to coptic "KAME", for 6 and 8; entry 7 to coptic "KMOM", "KMEM". For entry 7, to be black, Budge also references Revue-(Rev.);[16] for entry 8, black items, Budge also references T.-(King Teta);[17] and N.-(Pepi II-(King Nefer-ka-Ra).[18] 9, "Kammau" as Egyptian, 10 "kami-t" as ^ :, books of the black land, 11 the same word "kami-t" also as "black cow" or "black cattle". 12 "Kam-ur" is defined as "The Red Sea" Variations that follow include various animals, gods, goddesses and a couple of lakes
21 and 22, describe a "buckler", or "shield", and "black wood".The last of the 27 entries describe black stones, or powders and black plants, or seeds; (all small multiple, plural, grains-of, items). Entry 26 is an image, or statue, using the vertical mummy hieroglyph gardiner A53, ("in the form of", "the custom of"). These last six entries are unreferenced.
The 1920 Budge dictionary is a compilation of 200 referenced works by 120 authors. During Budge's own lifetime and today some scholars have disputed its interpretation of hieroglyphs and texts.[19] Budge's transliteration system was unique to Budge. Most Egyptologists then (and today) use the transcription and transliteration system developed by the Berlin School which issued the master compendium of Egyptian hieroglyphic language in 1926, Wörterbuch der Aegyptischen Sprache (7 Vols.),[20] and which is detailed in the publication by A. H. Gardiner, Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs (1957)).
"Shield", ikm and another word with an approximate km cognate, 'khm starting with the vowel ( ' ), 'khm, meaning to put to an end are the possible words related to the origins of the crocodile skin, and the 'verb of action', of items coming to an end. The second word 'khm has nine entries in the Budge dictionary,[21] shield, ikam, has two entries.[22]