| Native Name: | ພຣະຣາຊອານາຈັກຫລວງພະບາງ (Lao)Phra Ratsa Anachak Luang Phabang |
| Conventional Long Name: | Kingdom of Luang Phrabang |
| Common Name: | Luang Prabang |
| Image Map Caption: | The Kingdom of Luang Phrabang and its neighbors in the 18th century |
| Status: | Vassal of Siam (1778–1893) Part of the French protectorate of Laos (1893–1947) |
| Event Start: | Dissolution of Lan Xang |
| Year Start: | 1707 |
| Event1: | Haw wars |
| Date Event1: | 1865–1890 |
| Event2: | Franco-Siamese conflict |
| Date Event2: | 13 July – 3 October 1893 |
| Event3: | French protectorate |
| Date Event3: | 1893 |
| Event End: | Formation of the Kingdom of Laos |
| Year End: | 1947 |
| P1: | Kingdom of Lan Xang |
| S1: | French protectorate of Laos1893: French protectorate of Laos |
| Flag S1: | Flag of Laos (1893-1952).svg |
| S2: | Kingdom of Laos1947: Kingdom of Laos |
| Flag S2: | Flag of Laos (1952–1975).svg |
| Flag Type: | Flag |
| Capital: | Luang Prabang |
| Common Languages: | Lao |
| Religion: | Theravada Buddhism |
| Government Type: | Absolute monarchy |
| Leader1: | Kitsarat (first) |
| Year Leader1: | 1707–1713 |
| Leader2: | Oun Kham |
| Year Leader2: | 1868–1895 |
| Leader3: | Sisavang Vong (last) |
| Year Leader3: | 1904–1945/46 |
| Currency: | Lat, Hoi, Phot Duang |
| Today: | Laos Thailand Vietnam China |
The Kingdom of Luang Phrabang, also called Kingdom of Luang Prabang was formed in 1707 as a result of the split of the Kingdom of Lan Xang. When the kingdom split, Muang Phuan became a tributary state of Luang Prabang. Over the years the monarchy weakened even more, and was forced to become a vassal various times to the Burmese and the Siamese monarchies.
A French consulate was established in the capital of Luang Prabang in 1885. The kingdom was at this time a Siamese vassal, who feared French plans of annexing of Luang Prabang. A treaty was signed on 7 May 1886 between Siam and France recognizing Siamese suzerainty over Luang Prabang and neighboring Lao kingdoms.[1] France conducted expeditions in the region, searching for the possibility of establishing French territory there. A particularly destructive attack during the Haw wars by the Chinese Black Flag Army in 1887 saw King Oun Kham request French protection. This was accepted and signed on 27 March 1889, against Siamese protest.[2]
France and Siam went to war in 1893, culminating in the Paknam incident when France, contrary to promises it had made to Great Britain, entered Bangkok with warships. Siam was forced to accept the French ultimatum, to cede the lands east of the Mekong including its islands. The French Protectorate of Laos was officially established, with the administrative capital moved from Luang Prabang to Vientiane. However, Luang Prabang remained the seat of the royal family, whose power was reduced to figureheads while the actual power was transferred over to French officials including the vice consulate and Resident-General.[3] In January 1896, France and the United Kingdom signed an accord recognizing the border between French Laos and British Burma. Under French protection, the Kingdom of Luang Prabang became the principal kingdom of French Laos. On 11 May 1947, the Kingdoms of Luang Prabang, Vientiane, and Champassak were reorganized into the Kingdom of Laos, with the King of Luang Prabang, Sisavang Vong, becoming King of Laos. In 1954, the Kingdom of Laos gained full independence from France.