Karyorelict nuclear code explained

The karyorelictid nuclear code (translation table 27) is a genetic code used by the nuclear genome of the Karyorelictea ciliate Parduczia sp. This code, along with translation tables 28 and 31, is remarkable in that every one of the 64 possible codons can be a sense codon. Translation termination probably relies on context, specifically proximity to the poly(A) tail.[1]

The code (27)

   [[Amino acid|AAs]] = FFLLSSSSYYQQCCWWLLLAPPPPHHQQRRRRIIIMTTTTNNKKSSRRVVVVAAAADDEEGGGG

[[Start codon|Starts]] = --------------*--------------------M----------------------------

 [[DNA#Nucleobase_classification|Base1]] = TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

 Base2 = TTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGG

 Base3 = TCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAG

Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).

Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (Lys, K), Methionine (Met, M), Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Proline (Pro, P), Serine (Ser, S), Threonine (Thr, T), Tryptophan (Trp, W), Tyrosine (Tyr, Y), and Valine (Val, V).

Differences from the standard code

DNA codons RNA codons This code (27) Standard code (1)
TAA UAA Gln (Q) Ter (*)
TAG UAG Gln (Q) Ter (*)
TGA UGA Ter (*) or Trp (W) Ter (*)

See also

References

[2]

Notes and References

  1. Swart. Estienne Carl. Serra. Valentina. Petroni. Giulio. Nowacki. Mariusz. Genetic Codes with No Dedicated Stop Codon: Context-Dependent Translation Termination. Cell. 166. 3. 691–702. 10.1016/j.cell.2016.06.020. 4967479. 27426948. 2016.
  2. Web site: Andrzej . Elzanowski . Jim . Ostell . Detlef . Leipe . Vladimir . Soussov . vanc . The Genetic Codes. 18 November 2016 . Taxonomy browser . National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), U.S. National Library of Medicine .