| Kalaburagi district | |
| Other Name: | Gulbarga district |
| Native Name Lang: | Kannada |
| Settlement Type: | District of Karnataka |
| Nickname: | Land of Toor Dal |
| Coordinates: | 17.33°N 76.83°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  India |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Type2: | Region |
| Subdivision Type3: | Division |
| Subdivision Name1: | Karnataka |
| Subdivision Name2: | Kalyana-Karnataka |
| Subdivision Name3: | Kalaburagi Division |
| Seat Type: | Headquarters |
| Seat: | Kalaburagi |
| Parts Type: | Talukas |
| Parts: | Aland, Shahabad, Kamalapur, Chitapur, Afzalpur, Jevargi, Yedrami, Kalaburagi, Kalgi, Chincholi, Sedam, |
| Government Type: | Karnataka state Government |
| Governing Body: | Karnataka Legislative Assembly |
| Leader Title: | Deputy Commissioner |
| Leader Name: | Fouzia Taranum, IAS[1] |
| Unit Pref: | Metric |
| Area Footnotes: | † |
| Area Total Km2: | 10951 |
| Elevation M: | 454 |
| Population Total: | 2,566,326 |
| Population As Of: | 2011 |
| Population Footnotes: | † |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Demographics Type1: | Language |
| Demographics1 Title1: | Official |
| Timezone1: | IST |
| Utc Offset1: | +5:30 |
| Postal Code Type: | PIN |
| Postal Code: | 585101585102585103 |
| Area Code: | 91 8472 |
| Area Code Type: | Telephone code |
| Registration Plate: | KA-32 |
| Blank1 Name Sec1: | No. of taluks |
| Blank1 Info Sec1: | 11 |
| Blank1 Name Sec2: | Precipitation |
| Blank1 Info Sec2: | 777mm |
| Footnotes: | †website |
| Demographics1 Info1: | Kannada, |
| Blank2 Name Sec1: | Lok Sabha constituency |
| Blank2 Info Sec1: | Kalaburagi (Lok Sabha constituency) |
| Blank2 Name Sec2: | Avg. summer temperature |
| Blank2 Info Sec2: | 42°C |
| Blank3 Name Sec2: | Avg. winter temperature |
| Blank3 Info Sec2: | 26°C |
Kalaburagi district, formerly known as Gulbarga district,[2] is one of the 31 districts of Karnataka state in southern India. Kalaburagi city is the administrative headquarters of the district.[3] The district is the headquarters of Kalaburagi division.
This district is situated in north Karnataka between 76°.04' and 77°.42 east longitude, and 17°.12' and 17°.46' north latitude, covering an area of 10,951 km2. This district is bounded on the west by Bijapur district and Solapur district of Maharashtra state, on the north by Bidar district and Osmanabad district of Maharashtra state, on the south by Yadgir district, and on the east by Sangareddy and Vikarabad districts of Telangana state.
The name of the area in Kannada is Kala-buragi, meaning "stony land." In the 6th century CE, the district was under the control of the Chalukyas. The Rashtrakutas briefly conquered the area, but were driven out by the Chalukyas who ruled the area for the next two centuries. The Kalachuris then conquered the area and ruled it until 12th century, when they were driven out by the Yadavas. Afterwards it was ruled by the Kakatiyas, who ruled until 1324, when their kingdom fell to the Delhi Sultanate. The ambitions of the local governors led to the formation of the Bahmani sultanate, who made Kalaburagi their capital. The Bahmanis eventually fell and left in their place a patchwork of 5 Deccan Sultanates. Kalaburagi was ruled by the Bidar sultanate until its annexation by Bijapur in 1619. Soon the district would become part of the Mughal Empire, but the Asaf Jahi governors of the Deccan later broke away and formed their own Hyderabad State, and Kalaburagi was ruled by them. This state became a princely state of British India, until its annexation by India in 1948. Afterwards, Kalaburagi, along with Bidar and Raichur, became part of Karnataka and were known as the Kalyana-Karnataka region. Since this time, this region has continuously been lagging the rest of the state in social indicators and is considered the most backward region of Karnataka.[4]
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Kalaburagi one of the country's 243 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the five districts in Karnataka currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[5]
Kalaburagi is situated in Deccan Plateau located at [8] and the general elevation ranges from 300 to 750 meters above mean sea level. The main river is the Bhima.
Kalaburagi district presently comprises the following 11 talukas after the separation of Yadgir district from it.[9]
According to the 2011 census Kalaburagi district has a population of 2,566,326,[10] roughly equal to the nation of Kuwait[11] or the US state of Nevada.[12] This gives it a ranking of 162nd in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 233PD/sqkm. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 17.94%. Gulbarga has a sex ratio of 971 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 64.85%. 32.56% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 25.28% and 2.54% of the population respectively.
According to the 2011 census, 65.70% of the population spoke Kannada, 18.15% Urdu, 7.09% Lambadi, 4.08% Telugu, 2.47% Marathi and 2.05% Hindi as their first language.[13]