| Jahnun | |
| Creator: | Adeni Jews |
| Country: | Aden, Yemen |
| Region: | Yemen |
| Type: | Pastry, bread |
| Served: | Hot |
Jachnun or Jahnun (Hebrew: גַ'חְנוּן, pronounced as /he/, pronounced as /he/) is a Yemenite Jewish pastry, originating from the Adeni Jews,[1] and traditionally served on Shabbat morning, with resek agvaniyot, hard-boiled eggs, and zhug.
Jachnun has become popular in Israeli cuisine, where it is served in homes (usually on Shabbat), as fast food at roadside stalls, and in restaurants, events, and dining halls.
Jahnun is prepared from dough which is rolled out thinly and brushed with (traditionally) samneh, which is clarified butter spiced with 'hilbe' (fenugreek) and aged in a smoked vessel, traditionally using smoke from the wood of a specific tree, the Hebrew: דודינה tree (presumably Dodonaea viscosa, sheth in Arabic[2]), though regular clarified butter or shortening can be used. A little honey is sometimes added in addition, whereupon the dough is rolled up before cooking.
It is traditionally cooked overnight on a 'Shabbat hotplate' at a very low temperature, starting the cooking process on the Friday (usually in the morning), to be taken out and eaten on Shabbat (Saturday) morning, as it is forbidden by Jewish custom to start cooking or turn electrical implements on/off during the Shabbat. The jahnun pieces are baked/steamed in a lidded pot (trapping moisture and preventing drying and burning).
This cooking process turns the dough a dark amber color, endowing it with a deep, sweet, caramelized taste. It is traditionally served with resek agvaniyot (a fresh grated tomato dip), hard-boiled eggs, and zhug (a type of green herbal hot condiment). The dough used for jachnun is the same as that used for malawach.
The idea of slow-cooking food in a way that conforms with Shabbat restrictions is ancient, originating with cholent, or hamin, a slow-cooked stew that originated in ancient Israel. Jachnun and its pan-fried cousin malawach probably originated as variations of Sephardic Jewish puff pastry, brought to Yemen by Jews expelled from Spain, according to Gil Marks.[3] [4]