Isotopes of gold explained

Gold (79Au) has one stable isotope, 197Au, and 40 radioisotopes, with 195Au being the most stable with a half-life of 186 days. Gold is currently considered the heaviest monoisotopic element. Bismuth formerly held that distinction until alpha-decay of the 209Bi isotope was observed. All isotopes of gold are either radioactive or, in the case of 197Au, observationally stable, meaning that 197Au is predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.[1]

List of isotopes

|-| rowspan=2|170Au[2] | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 91| rowspan=2|169.99602(22)#| rowspan=2|| p (89%)| 169Pt| rowspan=2|(2)−| rowspan=2||-| α (11%)| 166Ir|-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 170mAu[2] | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 282(10) keV| rowspan=2| | p (58%)| 169Pt| rowspan=2|(9)+| rowspan=2||-| α (42%)| 166mIr|-| rowspan=2|171Au[2] | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 92| rowspan=2|170.991882(22)| rowspan=2|| p| 170Pt| rowspan=2|1/2+| rowspan=2||-| α?| 167Ir|-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 171mAu[2] | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 258(13) keV| rowspan=2|1.09(3) ms| α (66%)| 167mIr| rowspan=2|11/2−| rowspan=2||-| p (34%)| 170Pt|-| rowspan=3|172Au| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 93| rowspan=3|171.99000(6)| rowspan=3|28(4) ms| α (98%)| 168Ir| rowspan=3|(2)−| rowspan=3||-| p (2%)| 171Pt|-| β+| 172Pt|-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 172mAu[3] | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 160(250) keV| rowspan=2|11.0(10) ms| α| 168Ir| rowspan=2|(9,10)+| rowspan=2||-| p?| 171Pt|-| rowspan=2|173Au| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 94| rowspan=2|172.986224(24)| rowspan=2|25.5(8) ms| α (86%)| 169Ir| rowspan=2|(1/2+)| rowspan=2||-| β+ (14%)| 173Pt|-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 173mAu| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 214(21) keV| rowspan=2|12.2(1) ms| α (89%)| 169Ir| rowspan=2|(11/2−)| rowspan=2||-| β+ (11%)| 173Pt|-| rowspan=2|174Au| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 95| rowspan=2|173.98491(11)#| rowspan=2|139(3) ms| α (90%)| 170Ir| rowspan=2|(3−)| rowspan=2||-| β+ (10%)| 174Pt|-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 174mAu| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 130(50)# keV| rowspan=2|162(2) ms| α?| 170Ir| rowspan=2|(9+)| rowspan=2||-| β+?| 174Pt|-| rowspan=2|175Au| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 96| rowspan=2|174.98132(4)| rowspan=2|200(3) ms| α (88%)| 171Ir| rowspan=2|1/2+| rowspan=2||-| β+ (12%)| 175Pt|-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 175mAu| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 164(11)# keV| rowspan=2|136(1) ms| α (75%)| 171Ir| rowspan=2|(11/2−)| rowspan=2||-| β+ (25%)| 175Pt|-| rowspan=2|176Au| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 97| rowspan=2|175.98012(4)| rowspan=2|1.05(1) s| α (75%)| 172Ir| rowspan=2|(3−,4−)| rowspan=2||-| β+ (25%)| 176Pt|-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 176mAu[3] | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 139(13) keV| rowspan=2|1.36(2) s| α?| 172Ir| rowspan=2|(8+,9+)| rowspan=2||-| β+?| 176Pt|-| rowspan=2|177Au| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 98| rowspan=2|176.976870(11)| rowspan=2|1.501(20) s| β+ (60%)| 177Pt| rowspan=2|1/2+| rowspan=2||-| α (40%)| 173Ir|-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 177mAu| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 190(7) keV| rowspan=2|1.193(13) s| α (60%)| 173Ir| rowspan=2|11/2−| rowspan=2||-| β+ (40%)| 177Pt|-| rowspan=2|178Au| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 99| rowspan=2|177.976057(11)| rowspan=2|3.4(5) s| β+ (84%)| 178Pt| rowspan=2|(2+,3−)| rowspan=2||-| α (16%)| 174Ir|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 178m1Au| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 50.3(2) keV| 300(10) ns| IT| 178Au| (4−,5+)| |-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 178m2Au| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 186(14) keV| rowspan=2|2.7(5) s| β+ (82%)| 178Pt| rowspan=2|(7+,8−)| rowspan=2||-| α (18%)| 174Ir|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 178m3Au| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 243(14) keV| 390(10) ns| IT| 178Au| (5+,6)| |-| rowspan=2|179Au| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 100| rowspan=2|178.973174(13)| rowspan=2|7.1(3) s| β+ (78.0%)| 179Pt| rowspan=2|1/2+| rowspan=2||-| α (22.0%)| 175Ir|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 179mAu| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 89.5(3) keV| 327(5) ns| IT| 179Au| (3/2−)||-| rowspan=2|180Au| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 101| rowspan=2|179.9724898(51)| rowspan=2|7.9(3) s| β+ (99.42%)| 180Pt| rowspan=2|(1+)| rowspan=2||-| α (0.58%)| 176Ir|-| rowspan=2|181Au| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 102| rowspan=2|180.970079(21)| rowspan=2|13.7(14) s| β+ (97.3%)| 181Pt| rowspan=2|(5/2−)| rowspan=2||-| α (2.7%)| 177Ir|-| rowspan=2|182Au| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 103| rowspan=2|181.969614(20)| rowspan=2|15.5(4) s| β+ (99.87%)| 182Pt| rowspan=2|(2+)| rowspan=2||-| α (0.13%)| 178Ir|-| rowspan=2|183Au| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 104| rowspan=2|182.967588(10)| rowspan=2|42.8(10) s| β+ (99.45%)| 183Pt| rowspan=2|5/2−| rowspan=2||-| α (0.55%)| 179Ir|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 183mAu| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 73.10(1) keV| >1 μs| IT| 183Au| (1/2)+||-| rowspan=2|184Au| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 105| rowspan=2|183.967452(24)| rowspan=2|20.6(9) s| β+ (99.99%)| 184Pt| rowspan=2|5+| rowspan=2||-| α (0.013%)| 180Ir|-| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 184mAu| rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 68.46(4) keV| rowspan=3|47.6(14) s| β+ (70%)| 184Pt| rowspan=3|2+| rowspan=3||-| IT (30%)| 184Au|-| α (0.013%)| 180Ir|-| rowspan=2|185Au| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 106| rowspan=2|184.9657989(28)| rowspan=2|4.25(6) min| β+ (99.74%)| 185Pt| rowspan=2|5/2−| rowspan=2||-| α (0.26%)| 181Ir|-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 185mAu[3] | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 50(50)# keV| rowspan=2|6.8(3) min| β+| 185Pt| rowspan=2|1/2+#| rowspan=2||-| IT?| 185Au|-| rowspan=2|186Au| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 107| rowspan=2|185.965953(23)| rowspan=2|10.7(5) min| β+| 186Pt| rowspan=2|3−| rowspan=2||-| α (8×10−4%)| 182Ir|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 186mAu| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 227.77(7) keV| 110(10) ns| IT| 186Au| 2+||-| rowspan=2|187Au| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 108| rowspan=2|186.964542(24)| rowspan=2|8.3(2) min| β+| 187Pt| rowspan=2|1/2+| rowspan=2||-| α?| 183Ir|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 187mAu| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 120.33(14) keV| 2.3(1) s| IT| 187Au| 9/2−||-| 188Au| style="text-align:right" | 79| style="text-align:right" | 109|187.9652480(29)| 8.84(6) min| β+| 188Pt| 1−||-| rowspan=2|189Au| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 110| rowspan=2|188.963948(22)| rowspan=2|28.7(4) min| β+| 189Pt| rowspan=2|1/2+| rowspan=2||-| α? (<3×10−5%)| 185Ir|-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 189m1Au| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 247.25(16) keV| rowspan=2|4.59(11) min| β+| 189Pt| rowspan=2|11/2−| rowspan=2||-| IT?| 189Au|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 189m2Au| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 325.12(16) keV| 190(15) ns| IT| 189Au| 9/2−||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 189m3Au| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2554.8(8) keV| 242(10) ns| IT| 189Au| 31/2+||-| rowspan=2|190Au| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 111| rowspan=2|189.964752(4)| rowspan=2|42.8(10) min| β+| 190Pt| rowspan=2|1−| rowspan=2||-| α? (<10−6%)| 186Ir|-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 190mAu[3] | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 200(150)# keV| rowspan=2|125(20) ms| IT| 190Au| rowspan=2|11−#| rowspan=2||-| β+?| 190Pt|-| 191Au| style="text-align:right" | 79| style="text-align:right" | 112| 190.963716(5)| 3.18(8) h| β+| 191Pt| 3/2+||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 191m1Au| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 266.2(7) keV| 920(110) ms| IT| 191Au| 11/2−||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 191m2Au| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2489.6(9) keV| 402(20) ns| IT| 191Au| 31/2+||-| 192Au| style="text-align:right" | 79| style="text-align:right" | 113| 191.964818(17)| 4.94(9) h| β+| 192Pt| 1−||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 192m1Au| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 135.41(25) keV| 29 ms| IT| 192Au| 5+||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 192m2Au| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 431.6(5) keV| 160(20) ms| IT| 192Au| 11−||-| 193Au| style="text-align:right" | 79| style="text-align:right" | 114| 192.964138(9)| 17.65(15) h| β+| 193Pt| 3/2+||-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 193m1Au| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 290.20(4) keV| rowspan=2|3.9(3) s| IT (99.97%)| 193Au| rowspan=2|11/2−| rowspan=2||-| β+ (0.03%)| 193Pt|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 193m2Au| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2486.7(6) keV| 150(50) ns| IT| 193Au| 31/2+||-| 194Au| style="text-align:right" | 79| style="text-align:right" | 115| 193.9654191(23)| 38.02(10) h| β+| 194Pt| 1−||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 194m1Au| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 107.4(5) keV| 600(8) ms| IT| 194Au| 5+||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 194m2Au| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 475.8(6) keV| 420(10) ms| IT| 194Au| 11−||-| 195Au| style="text-align:right" | 79| style="text-align:right" | 116| 194.9650378(12)| 186.01(6) d| EC| 195Pt| 3/2+||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 195m1Au| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 318.58(4) keV| 30.5(2) s| IT| 195Au| 11/2−||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 195m2Au| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2501(20)# keV| 12.89(21) μs| IT| 195Au| 31/2(−)||-| rowspan=2|196Au| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 117| rowspan=2|195.966571(3)| rowspan=2|6.165(11) d| β+ (93.0%)| 196Pt| rowspan=2|2−| rowspan=2||-| β− (7.0%)| 196Hg|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 196m1Au| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 84.656(20) keV| 8.1(2) s| IT| 196Au| 5+||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 196m2Au| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 595.66(4) keV| 9.603(22) h| IT| 196Au| 12−||-| 197Au[4] | style="text-align:right" | 79| style="text-align:right" | 118| 196.9665701(6)| colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable[5] | 3/2+| 1.0000|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 197m1Au| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 409.15(8) keV| 7.73(6) s| IT| 197Au| 11/2−||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 197m2Au| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2532.5(10) keV| 150(5) ns| IT| 197Au| 27/2+#||-| 198Au| style="text-align:right" | 79| style="text-align:right" | 119| 197.9682437(6)| 2.69464(14) d| β−| 198Hg| 2−||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 198m1Au| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 312.2227(20) keV| 124(4) ns| IT| 198Au| 5+||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 198m2Au| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 811.9(15) keV| 2.272(16) d| IT| 198Au| 12−||-| 199Au| style="text-align:right" | 79| style="text-align:right" | 120| 198.9687666(6)| 3.139(7) d| β−| 199Hg| 3/2+||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 199mAu| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 548.9405(21) keV| 440(30) μs| IT| 199Au| 11/2−||-| 200Au| style="text-align:right" | 79| style="text-align:right" | 121| 199.970757(29)| 48.4(3) min| β−| 200Hg| (1−)||-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 200mAu| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1010(40) keV| rowspan=2|18.7(5) h| β− (84%)| 200Hg| rowspan=2|12−| rowspan=2||-| IT (16%)| 200Au|-| 201Au| style="text-align:right" | 79| style="text-align:right" | 122| 200.971658(3)| 26.0(8) min| β−| 201Hg| 3/2+||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 201m1Au| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 594(5) keV| 730(630) μs| IT| 201Au| 11/2-||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 201m2Au| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1610(5) keV| 5.6(24) μs| IT| 201Au| 19/2+#||-| 202Au| style="text-align:right" | 79| style="text-align:right" | 123| 201.973856(25)| 28.4(12) s| β−| 202Hg| (1−)||-| 203Au| style="text-align:right" | 79| style="text-align:right" | 124| 202.9751545(33)| 60(6) s| β−| 203Hg| 3/2+||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 203mAu| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 641(3) keV| 140(44) μs| IT| 203Au| 11/2−#||-| 204Au| style="text-align:right" | 79| style="text-align:right" | 125| 203.97811(22)#| 38.3(13) s| β−| 204Hg| (2−)||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 204mAu| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3816(500)# keV| 2.1(3) μs| IT| 204Au| 16+#||-| 205Au| style="text-align:right" | 79| style="text-align:right" | 126| 204.98006(22)#| 32.0(14) s| β−| 205Hg| 3/2+#||-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 205m1Au| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 907(5) keV| rowspan=2|6(2) s| IT?| 205Au| rowspan=2|11/2−#| rowspan=2||-| β−?| 205Hg|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 205m2Au| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2849.7(4) keV| 163(5) ns| IT| 205Au| 19/2+#||-| 206Au| style="text-align:right" | 79| style="text-align:right" | 127| 205.98477(32)#| 47(11) s| β−| 206Hg| 6+#||-| rowspan=2|207Au| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 128| rowspan=2|206.98858(32)#| rowspan=2|3# s
[>300&nbsp;ns]| β−?| 207Hg| rowspan=2|3/2+#| rowspan=2||-| β−, n?| 206Hg|-| rowspan=2|208Au| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 129| rowspan=2|207.99366(32)#| rowspan=2|20# s
[>300&nbsp;ns]| β−?| 208Hg| rowspan=2|6+#| rowspan=2||-| β−, n?| 207Hg|-| rowspan=2|209Au| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 130| rowspan=2|208.99761(43)#| rowspan=2|1# s
[>300&nbsp;ns]| β−?| 209Hg| rowspan=2|3/2+#| rowspan=2||-| β−, n?| 210Hg|-| rowspan=2|210Au| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 131| rowspan=2|210.00288(43)#| rowspan=2|10# s
[>300&nbsp;ns]| β−?| 210Hg| rowspan=2|6+#| rowspan=2||-| β−, n?| 209Hg

References

Notes and References

  1. Belli . P. . Bernabei . R. . Danevich . F. A. . Incicchitti . A. . Tretyak . V. I. . 3 . Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays . European Physical Journal A . 2019 . 55 . 8 . 140–1–140–7 . 10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2 . 1434-601X . 1908.11458. 2019EPJA...55..140B . 201664098 .
  2. Kettunen . H. . Enqvist . T. . Grahn . T. . Greenlees . P. T. . Jones . P. . Julin . R. . Juutinen . S. . Keenan . A. . Kuusiniemi . P. . Leino . M. . Leppänen . A.-P. . Nieminen . P. . Pakarinen . J. . Rahkila . P. . Uusitalo . J. . Decay studies of Au 170, 171, Hg 171 – 173, and Tl 176 . Physical Review C . 28 May 2004 . 69 . 5 . 054323 . 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054323 . 11 June 2023 . en . 0556-2813.
  3. Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
  4. Potential material for salted bombs
  5. Theoretically predicted to undergo α decay to 193Ir

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