Indian Premier League Explained

Indian Premier League
Country:	India
Administrator:	Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI)
Headquarters:	Cricket Centre, Churchgate, Mumbai, Maharashtra
Cricket Format:	Twenty20
First:	2008
Last:	2024
Next:	2025
Tournament Format:	Round-robin format with group system and playoffs
Participants:	10
Champions:	Kolkata Knight Riders (3rd title)
Most Successful:	Chennai Super Kings Mumbai Indians (5 titles each)
Most Runs:	Virat Kohli (8,004)
Most Wickets:	Yuzvendra Chahal (205)
Tv:	India Star Sports (TV)^[1] JioCinema (Internet) ^[2] International List of broadcasters

The Indian Premier League (IPL), also known as the TATA IPL for sponsorship reasons, is a men's Twenty20 (T20) cricket league held annually in India. Founded by the BCCI (the Board of Control for Cricket in India) in 2007, the league features ten state or city-based franchise teams.^{[3] [4]} Most popular and biggest cricket league, it usually takes place during the summer for 2 months, between March and May each year. It has an exclusive window in the ICC Future Tours Programme, resulting in fewer international cricket tours occurring during the IPL seasons.^[5]

In 2014, it ranked sixth in average attendance among all sports leagues.^[6] In 2010, the IPL became the first sporting event to be broadcast live on YouTube.^{[7] [8]} Inspired by the success of the IPL, other Indian sports leagues have been established.^{[9] [10] [11]} In 2022, the league's brand value was estimated at ₹90,038 crore (US$11 billion).^[12] According to the BCCI, the 2015 IPL season contributed ₹1,150 crore (US$140 million) to India's GDP.^[13] In December 2022, the IPL achieved a valuation of US$10.9 billion, becoming a decacorn and registering a 75% growth in dollar terms since 2020 when it was valued at $6.2 billion, according to a report by the consulting firm D and P Advisory.^[14] Its 2023 final became the most streamed live event on the internet, with 32 million viewers.^[15]

In 2023, the league sold its media rights for the next 4 seasons for US$6.4 billion to Viacom18 and Star Sports,^[16] meaning each IPL match was valued at $13.4 million.^[17] As of 2024, there have been seventeen seasons of the tournament. The current champions are the Kolkata Knight Riders, who won the 2024 season after defeating the Sunrisers Hyderabad in the final.^[18]

History

Winners
Indian Premier League

Season	Winners
2008	Rajasthan Royals
2009	Deccan Chargers
2010	Chennai Super Kings
2011	Chennai Super Kings
2012	Kolkata Knight Riders
2013	Mumbai Indians
2014	Kolkata Knight Riders
2015	Mumbai Indians
2016	Sunrisers Hyderabad
2017	Mumbai Indians
2018	Chennai Super Kings
2019	Mumbai Indians
2020	Mumbai Indians
2021	Chennai Super Kings
2022	Gujarat Titans
2023	Chennai Super Kings
2024	Kolkata Knight Riders

Inspired by a rival

In 2007, Zee Entertainment Enterprises founded the Indian Cricket League (ICL).^[19] The ICL was not recognized by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) or the International Cricket Council (ICC). Moreover, the BCCI was unhappy about its committee members joining the ICL executive board.^[20] In response, the BCCI increased the prize money for its domestic tournaments and imposed lifetime bans on players who joined the rival league, which it considered a rebel league.^{[21] [22]}

Foundation

On 13 September 2007, following India's victory at the 2007 T20 World Cup,^[23] the BCCI announced a franchise based Twenty20 cricket competition known as the Indian Premier League. The inaugural season was scheduled to start in April 2008, commencing with a "high-profile ceremony" in New Delhi. BCCI Vice-president Lalit Modi, who led the IPL initiative, provided details of the tournament, including its format, prize money, franchise revenue system, and squad composition rules. The league, to be managed by a seven-man governing council, would also serve as the qualifying mechanism for that year's Champions League Twenty20.^[24]

To determine team ownership, an auction for the franchises was held on 24 January 2008. The reserve prices for the eight franchises totalled $400 million, but the auction ultimately raised $723.59 million.^[25] The league officially commenced in April 2008, featuring Chennai Super Kings (CSK), Mumbai Indians (MI), Delhi Daredevils (DD), Kings XI Punjab (KXIP), Deccan Chargers (DC), Rajasthan Royals (RR), Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR), and Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB).^[26]

Following the ban on players who chose to participate in the ICL, the rival league shut down in 2009.^{[27] [28]}

Expansions and terminations

New franchises, Pune Warriors India and Kochi Tuskers Kerala, joined the league before the fourth season in 2011.^[29] The Sahara Adventure Sports Group purchased the Pune franchise for $370 million, while Rendezvous Sports World bought the Kochi franchise for $333.3 million. The Kochi franchise was terminated after just one season due to their failure to pay the BCCI the 10% bank guarantee element of the franchise fee.^[30]

In September 2012, the Deccan Chargers franchise agreement was terminated after the BCCI failed to find new owners.^[31] In October, an auction was held for a replacement franchise; Sun TV Network won the bid for what became the Hyderabad franchise;^[32] the team was named Sunrisers Hyderabad.^[33]

Pune Warriors India withdrew from the IPL in May 2013 due to financial differences with the BCCI.^[34] The BCCI officially terminated the franchise in October, and the league reverted to eight teams.^[35]

In June 2015, the two-time champions Chennai Super Kings and the inaugural season champions Rajasthan Royals were suspended for two seasons following their involvement in a spot-fixing and betting scandal.^[36] The two teams were replaced for two seasons by franchises based in Pune and Rajkot.^{[37] [38]}

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the venue for the 2020 season was moved and games were played in the United Arab Emirates.^{[39] [40]} In August 2021, the BCCI announced that two new franchises, based in two of six shortlisted cities, would join the league in the 2022 season.^{[41] [42]} In closed bidding held in October, the RPSG Group and CVC Capital won the bids for the teams, paying and, respectively.^{[43] [44]} The teams were subsequently named Lucknow Super Giants and Gujarat Titans.

Several IPL franchise owners have expanded their business by acquiring teams in other franchise leagues, such as the Caribbean Premier League (CPL), South Africa's SA20, the UAE's International League T20 (ILT) and the USA's Major League Cricket (MLC). These teams have been branded with similar names to their parent IPL franchises.^[45]

Indian Premier League	CPL	SA20	ILT	MLC
Chennai Super Kings		Joburg Super Kings		Texas Super Kings
Delhi Capitals		Pretoria Capitals	Dubai Capitals
Gujarat Titans
Kolkata Knight Riders	Trinbago Knight Riders		Abu Dhabi Knight Riders	Los Angeles Knight Riders
Lucknow Super Giants		Durban's Super Giants
Mumbai Indians		MI Cape Town	MI Emirates	MI New York
Punjab Kings	Saint Lucia Kings
Rajasthan Royals	Barbados Royals	Paarl Royals
Royal Challengers Bengaluru
Sunrisers Hyderabad		Sunrisers Eastern Cape

In addition to the above acquisitions, Delhi Capitals also bought a stake in MLC's Seattle Orcas.^[46]

Organization

The IPL's headquarters are located in the Cricket Centre, next to the Wankhede Stadium in Churchgate, Mumbai. The Governing Council is responsible for the league's functions, including the organization of tournaments., its members included:^[47]

• Arun Singh Dhumal – Chairman^{[48] [49]}
• Jay Shah – Secretary of the BCCI
• Ashish Shelar – Treasurer, BCCI
• Avishek Dalmiya
• Pragyan Ojha – Indian Cricketers' Association's representative
• Alka Rehani Bhardwaj – Comptroller and Auditor General of India nominee

Player acquisition, squad composition, and salaries

A team can acquire players through the annual, trading with other teams during trading windows, and signing replacements for unavailable players. Players sign up for the auction^[50] and set their base price and are bought by the highest-bidding franchise. Unsold players at the auction can become replacement signings. Trades require player consent, and any contract differences are covered by the franchise. There are typically three trading windows: two before the auction and one before the tournament. No trading is allowed outside these windows or during the tournament, but replacements can be signed before or during the event.

Other notable rules, as of the 2024 season, include:

• The salary cap of the entire squad have been allotted a purse of ₹100 crore each.^[51]
• Under-19 players cannot be picked unless they have previously played first-class or List A cricket.^[52]

Player contracts run for one year but can be extended by one or two years if the franchises take up the option. Since the 2014 season, player contracts have been denominated in the Indian rupee, before which the contracts were in the US dollar. Overseas players can be remunerated in the currency of the player's choice, at the exchange rate on either the contract due date or the actual payment date.^[53] Before the 2014 season, Indian domestic players were not included in the player auction pool. They could be signed up by franchises at a discrete amount while a fixed sum of to would be deducted per signing from the franchise's salary purse. This received significant opposition from franchise owners, who complained richer franchises were "luring players with under-the-table deals." The IPL later decided to include domestic players in the player auction.^[54]

The BCCI give 10% of foreign players' salaries to their country's national cricket board.^[55]

Top 10 Highest Paid Players in IPL 2024 Auction by Forbes India^[56] !Player!IPL team!Salary

Mitchell Starc	Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR)	Rs 24.75 Crore
Pat Cummins	Sunrisers Hyderabad (SRH)	Rs 20.50 Crore
Daryl Mitchell	Chennai Super Kings (CSK)	Rs 14 Crore
Harshal Patel	Punjab Kings (PBKS)	Rs 11.75 Crore
Alzarri Joseph	Royal Challengers Bengaluru (RCB)	Rs 11.50 Crore
Spencer Johnson	Gujarat Titans (GT)	Rs 10 Crore
Sameer Rizvi	Chennai Super Kings (CSK)	Rs 8.40 Crore
Rilee Rossouw	Punjab Kings (PBKS)	Rs 8 Crore
Rovman Powell	Rajasthan Royals (RR)	Rs 7.40 Crore
Shahrukh Khan	Gujarat Titans (GT)	Rs 7.40 Crore
Total		Rs 123.7 Crore
Average Salary		Rs 12.37 Crore

Based on a 2024 report by Forbes India, the average IPL salary among the top 10 highest-paid players is ₹12.37 crore, the second-highest of sports leagues in the world. Because players in the IPL are contracted only for the duration of the tournament – less than two months – the weekly IPL salaries are extrapolated pro data to obtain an average annual salary, unlike other sports leagues in which players are contracted by a single team for the entire year.^[57]

According to a report by The Telegraph, IPL players are paid 18% of the revenue, which is the lowest amount compared to other major sports leagues, in which players receive at least 50% of the revenue. The Federation of International Cricketers' Associations said that IPL players must be paid fairly.^{[58] [59] [60]}

Prize money

The 2022 season of the IPL offered total prize money of, with the winning team netting and the second-placed team .^{[61] [62]} League rules mandate that half of any prize money must be distributed amongst the franchise's players.^[63]

Unique rules and variations

The IPL has several rules which vary from the established Laws of cricket or those used in other Twenty20 (T20) leagues:

• IPL games incorporate television timeouts. Each team is given a two-and-a-half-minute "strategic time-out" during each innings. One must be taken by the bowling team at the end of either 6th, 7th, 8th or 9th over and the other by the batting team at the end of either 13th, 14th, 15th or 16th over. A penalty may be imposed if umpires find teams misusing this privilege.^[64]
• Since the 2018 season, the Decision Review System (DRS) has been used in all IPL matches, allowing each team two opportunities in each innings to review an on-field umpire's decision.^[65] From the 2023 season, this was extended to allow the review of wides and no-balls.
• If the bowling team does not complete its overs in the allocated time, it may place only four fielders outside of the fielding restrictions circle for the remainder of the innings,^[66] or the match referee may impose financial sanctions on the bowling team after the match, with players fined a proportion of their match fee.^[67]
• Teams can use a substitute, termed an "impact player", from a list of five players named as possible substitutes. The substitution can be made before the start of the innings, when a wicket falls, when a batter retires or at the end of an over. Both teams can introduce a substitute once per match.^{[68] [69]}
• Teams can declare their playing eleven to the match referee before or after the toss.
• A five-run penalty is imposed if a fielder or wicket-keeper makes an unfair movement while the bowler is bowling and the ball is designated as dead ball.^[70]
• Teams can include a maximum of four overseas players in their playing eleven. If a team wants an overseas player as impact player, then it must include a maximum of three overseas players in their playing eleven.
• Teams must include 25 players, with a maximum of eight overseas players.^[71]
• From the 2024 season, bowlers will be allowed to deliver two bouncers an over. This change in playing conditions was trialled during the 2023–24 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy, India's domestic T20 tournament.^[72]

Teams

Current teams

As of the 2024 season, the league has ten teams based in cities across India.

Team		City	Home ground	Debut	Captain	Head coach	Owner(s)
	Chennai Super Kings	Chennai, Tamil Nadu	M. A. Chidambaram Stadium	text-align:center;	2008	Ruturaj Gaikwad	Stephen Fleming	Chennai Super Kings Cricket Ltd.
	Delhi Capitals	New Delhi, Delhi	Arun Jaitley Stadium	text-align:center;	2008	Rishabh Pant	Ricky Ponting	GMR Sports Pvt. Ltd. JSW Sports Pvt. Ltd.
	Gujarat Titans	Ahmedabad, Gujarat	Narendra Modi Stadium	text-align:center;	2022	Shubman Gill	Ashish Nehra	CVC Capital Partners
	Kolkata Knight Riders	Kolkata, West Bengal	Eden Gardens	text-align:center;	2008	Shreyas Iyer	Chandrakant Pandit	Knight Riders Sports Pvt. Ltd.
	Lucknow Super Giants	Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh	BRSABV Ekana Stadium	text-align:center;	2022	KL Rahul	Justin Langer	RP-Sanjiv Goenka Group
	Mumbai Indians	Mumbai	Maharashtra, Wankhede Stadium	text-align:center;	2008	Hardik Pandya	Mark Boucher	Indiawin Sports Pvt. Ltd.
	Punjab Kings	Mullanpur, Punjab	Maharaja Yadavindra Singh International Cricket Stadium	text-align:center;	2008	Shikhar Dhawan	Trevor Bayliss	KPH Dream Cricket Pvt. Ltd.
	Rajasthan Royals	Jaipur, Rajasthan	Sawai Mansingh Stadium	text-align:center;	2008	Sanju Samson	Kumar Sangakara	The Royals Sports Group
	Royal Challengers Bengaluru	Bangalore, Karnataka	M. Chinnaswamy Stadium	text-align:center;	2008	Faf du Plessis	Andy Flower
	Sunrisers Hyderabad	Hyderabad, Telangana	Rajiv Gandhi Stadium	text-align:center;	2013	Pat Cummins	Daniel Vettori	SUN TV Network

Defunct teams

Team	City	State	Home ground	Debut	Dissolved	Owner(s)
Deccan Chargers	Hyderabad	Andhra Pradesh^[73]	Rajiv Gandhi Stadium	text-align:center;	2008	text-align:center;	2012	T. Venkattram Reddy Gayatri Reddy
Kochi Tuskers Kerala	Kochi	Kerala	Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium	text-align:center;	2011	text-align:center;	2011	Kochi Cricket Pvt Ltd
Pune Warriors India	Pune	Maharashtra	Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium	text-align:center;	2011	text-align:center;	2013	Subrata Roy
Rising Pune Supergiant	Pune	Maharashtra	Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium	text-align:center;	2016	text-align:center;	2018	Sanjiv Goenka
Gujarat Lions	Rajkot	Gujarat	Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium	text-align:center;	2016	text-align:center;	2018	Keshav Bansal

Timeline of teams

DateFormat = yyyyImageSize = width:1100 height:auto barincrement:25Period = from:2008 till:2025TimeAxis = orientation:horizontalPlotArea = right:120 left:20 bottom:50 top:5 #> to display a count on the left side of the graph, use "left:20" to suppress the count, use "left:20"<#Colors = id:barcolor id:line value:pink id:bg value:white id:Present value:rgb(0.4,0.80,0.67) # Use this color to denote a team that is a current league member id:Former value:rgb(0.742,0.727,0.852) # Use this color to denote a team that is a former league member id:Suspended value:rgb(0.996,0.996,0.699) # Use this color to denote a team that is suspended

PlotData=

width:15 textcolor:black shift:(5,-5) anchor:from fontsize:S

bar:1 color:Present from:2008 till:2016 text: Chennai Super Kings (2008–2015; 2018–present) bar:1 color:Suspended from:2016 till:2018 text: Suspended bar:1 color:Present from:2018 till:end text:

bar:2 color:Present from:2008 till:2019 text: Delhi Daredevils (2008–2018) bar:2 color:Present from:2019 till:end text: Delhi Capitals (2019–present)

bar:3 color:Present from:2008 till:end text: Kolkata Knight Riders (2008–present)

bar:4 color:Present from:2008 till:end text: Mumbai Indians (2008–present)

bar:5 color:Present from:2008 till:2021 text: Kings XI Punjab (2008–2020) bar:5 color:Present from:2021 till:end text: Punjab Kings (2021–present)

bar:6 color:Present from:2008 till:2016 text: Rajasthan Royals (2008–2015; 2018–present) bar:6 color:Suspended from:2016 till:2018 text: Suspended bar:6 color:Present from:2018 till:end text:

bar:7 color:Present from:2008 till:end text: Royal Challengers Bangalore (2008–present)

bar:8 color:Present from:2013 till:end text: Sunrisers Hyderabad (2013–present)

bar:9 color:Present from:2022 till:end text: Gujarat Titans (2022–present)

bar:10 color:Present from:2022 till:end text: Lucknow Super Giants (2022–present)

bar:8 color:Former from:2008 till:2013 text: Deccan Chargers (2008–2012)

bar:9 color:Former from:2011 till:2012 text: Kochi Tuskers Kerala (2011)

bar:10 color:Former from:2011 till:2014 text: Pune Warriors India (2011–2013)

bar:9 color:Former from:2016 till:2018 text: Gujarat Lions (2016–2017)

bar:10 color:Former from:2016 till:2018 text: Rising Pune Supergiant (2016–2017)

ScaleMajor = gridcolor:line unit:year increment:1 start:2008TextData = fontsize:L textcolor:black pos:(0,30) tabs:(400-center) text:

Tournament seasons and results

See main article: List of Indian Premier League seasons and results and List of Indian Premier League records and statistics.

Chennai Super Kings and Mumbai Indians have each won five titles, the most in the tournament. Kolkata Knight Riders have won three titles,^[74] while Rajasthan Royals, Deccan Chargers, Sunrisers Hyderabad and Gujarat Titans have each won a single title.^{[75] [76] [77]}

The reigning champions are the Kolkata Knight Riders, who defeated the Sunrisers Hyderabad by eight wickets in the 2024 IPL final to secure their third title.

Number of titles

Team	Title(s)	Runner-up	Seasons won	Seasons runner-up	No. of playoffs played	No. of seasons played
Chennai Super Kings	5	5	2010, 2011, 2018, 2021, 2023	2008, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2019	12	15
Mumbai Indians		1	2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2020	2010	10	17
Kolkata Knight Riders	3		2012, 2014, 2024	2021	8	17
Sunrisers Hyderabad	1	2	2016	2018, 2024	7	12
Rajasthan Royals		1	2008	2022	6	15
Gujarat Titans			2022	2023	2	3
Deccan Chargers^†		–	2009	–	2	5
Royal Challengers Bengaluru	–	3	–	2009, 2011, 2016	9	17
Delhi Capitals		1		2020	6	17
Punjab Kings				2014	2	17
Rising Pune Supergiant^†				2017	1	2

^† Team now defunct

Finals

Year	Final			Final venue	Player of the season
	Winner	Result	Runner-up
2008	Rajasthan Royals	RR won by 3 wickets (scorecard)	Chennai Super Kings	DY Patil Stadium, Navi Mumbai	Shane Watson (RR)
2009	Deccan Chargers	DEC won by 6 runs (scorecard)	Royal Challengers Bangalore 137/9 (20 overs)	Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg	Adam Gilchrist (DEC)
2010	Chennai Super Kings	CSK won by 22 runs (scorecard)	Mumbai Indians 146/9 (20 overs)	DY Patil Stadium, Navi Mumbai	Sachin Tendulkar (MI)
2011	Chennai Super Kings 205/5 (20 overs)	CSK won by 58 runs (scorecard)	Royal Challengers Bangalore 147/8 (20 overs)	M. A. Chidambaram Stadium, Chennai	Chris Gayle (RCB)
2012	Kolkata Knight Riders 192/5 (19.4 overs)	KKR won by 5 wickets (scorecard)	Chennai Super Kings 190/3 (20 overs)	M. A. Chidambaram Stadium, Chennai	Sunil Narine (KKR)
2013	Mumbai Indians 148/9 (20 overs)	MI won by 23 runs (scorecard)	Chennai Super Kings 125/9 (20 overs)	Eden Gardens, Kolkata	Shane Watson (RR)
2014	Kolkata Knight Riders 200/7 (19.3 overs)	KKR won by 3 wickets (scorecard)	Kings XI Punjab 199/4 (20 overs)	M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bengaluru	Glenn Maxwell (KXIP)
2015	Mumbai Indians 202/5 (20 overs)	MI won by 41 runs (scorecard)	Chennai Super Kings 161/8 (20 overs)	Eden Gardens, Kolkata	Andre Russell (KKR)
2016	Sunrisers Hyderabad 208/7 (20 overs)	SRH won by 8 runs (scorecard)	Royal Challengers Bangalore 200/7 (20 overs)	M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bengaluru	Virat Kohli (RCB)
2017	Mumbai Indians 129/8 (20 overs)	MI won by 1 run (scorecard)	Rising Pune Supergiant	Rajiv Gandhi Stadium, Hyderabad	Ben Stokes (RPS)
2018	Chennai Super Kings	CSK won by 8 wickets (scorecard)	Sunrisers Hyderabad	Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai	Sunil Narine (KKR)
2019	Mumbai Indians 149/8 (20 overs)	MI won by 1 run (scorecard)	Chennai Super Kings 148/7 (20 overs)	Rajiv Gandhi Stadium, Hyderabad	Andre Russell (KKR)
2020	Mumbai Indians 157/5 (18.4 overs)	MI won by 5 wickets (scorecard)	Delhi Capitals 156/7 (20 overs)	Dubai International Cricket Stadium, Dubai	Jofra Archer (RR)
2021	Chennai Super Kings 192/3 (20 overs)	CSK won by 27 runs (scorecard)	Kolkata Knight Riders 165/9 (20 overs)	Dubai International Cricket Stadium, Dubai	Harshal Patel (RCB)
2022	Gujarat Titans 133/3 (18.1 overs)	GT won by 7 wickets (scorecard)	Rajasthan Royals 130/9 (20 overs)	Narendra Modi Stadium, Ahmedabad	Jos Buttler (RR)
2023	Chennai Super Kings 171/5 (15 overs)	CSK won by 5 wickets (DLS-method) (scorecard)	Gujarat Titans 214/4 (20 overs)	Narendra Modi Stadium, Ahmedabad	Shubman Gill (GT)
2024		Kolkata Knight Riders 114/2 (10.3 overs)	KKR won by 8 wickets (scorecard)	Sunrisers Hyderabad 113/10 (18.3 overs)	M. A. Chidambaram Stadium, Chennai	Sunil Narine (KKR)

Teams' performances

Seasons

Season (No. of teams)	2008 (8)	2009 (8)	2010 (8)	2011 (10)	2012 (9)	2013 (9)	2014 (8)	2015 (8)	2016 (8)	2017 (8)	2018 (8)	2019 (8)	2020 (8)	2021 (8)	2022 (10)	2023 (10)	2024 (10)
Chennai Super Kings	RU	SF	C	C	RU	RU	PO	RU	Suspended		C	RU	7th	C	9th	C	5th
Delhi Capitals / Delhi Daredevils	SF	SF	5th	10th	PO	9th	8th	7th	6th	6th	8th	PO	RU	PO	5th	9th	6th
Gujarat Titans	–														C	RU	8th
Kolkata Knight Riders	6th	8th	6th	PO	C	7th	C	5th	PO	PO	PO	5th	5th	RU	7th	7th	C
Lucknow Super Giants	–														PO	PO	7th
Mumbai Indians	5th	7th	RU	PO	PO	C	PO	C	5th	C	5th	C	C	5th	10th	PO	10th
Punjab Kings / Kings XI Punjab	SF	5th	8th	5th	6th	6th	RU	8th	8th	5th	7th	6th	6th	6th	6th	8th	9th
Rajasthan Royals	C	6th	7th	6th	7th	PO	5th	PO	Suspended		PO	7th	8th	7th	RU	5th	PO
Royal Challengers Bengaluru	7th	RU	3rd	RU	5th	5th	7th	PO	RU	8th	6th	8th	PO	PO	PO	6th	PO
Deccan Chargers / Sunrisers Hyderabad	8th	C	4th	7th	8th	PO	6th	6th	C	PO	RU	PO	PO	8th	8th	10th	RU
align=left	Kochi Tuskers Kerala^†	–			8th	–
align=left	Pune Warriors / Pune Warriors India^†	–			9th	9th	8th	–
align=left	Gujarat Lions^†	–								PO	7th	–
align=left	Rising Pune Supergiant^†	–								7th	RU	–

• Current teams are listed alphabetically. Defunct teams are listed by order of entry to the league, then alphabetically.

^† Team now defunct

• C: Champions
• RU: Runner-up
• 3rd: Team won the 3rd place playoff. A third-place playoff only took place in 2010
• 4th: Team lost the 3rd place playoff
• SF or PO: Team qualified for the semi-final or playoff stage of the competition

Position of teams in IPL

Year	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	10th
2008	RR (C)	KXIP	CSK (R)	DD	MI	KKR	RCB	DCH
2009	DD		RCB (R)	DCH (C)	KXIP		MI	KKR
2010	MI (R)		CSK (C)		DD	KKR		KXIP
2011	RCB (R)	CSK (C)		KKR	KXIP		DCH	KTK	PWI	DD
2012	DD	KKR (C)		CSK (R)	RCB	KXIP		DCH	PWI
2013	CSK (R)	MI (C)			RCB	KXIP		PWI	DC
2014	KXIP (R)	KKR (C)			RR		RCB	DC
2015	CSK (R)	MI (C)	RCB	RR	KKR		DC	KXIP
2016	GL	RCB (R)	SRH (C)	KKR	MI	DC	RPS	KXIP
2017	MI (C)	RPS (R)		KKR	KXIP	DC		RCB
2018	SRH (R)	CSK (C)	KKR	RR	MI	RCB	KXIP	DC
2019	MI (C)	CSK (R)	DC	SRH	KKR	KXIP	RR	RCB
2020	MI (C)	DC (R)	SRH	RCB	KKR	KXIP	CSK	RR
2021	DC	CSK (C)	RCB	KKR (R)	MI	PBKS	RR	SRH
2022	GT (C)	RR (R)	LSG	RCB	DC	PBKS	KKR	SRH		MI
2023	GT (R)	CSK (C)	LSG	MI	RR	RCB	KKR	PBKS	DC	SRH
2024	KKR (C)	SRH (R)	RR	RCB	CSK	DC	LSG	GT	KXIP	MI

• Indicates qualified for playoffs

(C) = Eventual champion; (R) = Runner-up.

All time standings

This section shows records from the league stage only (i.e. excluding playoffs & finals) from 2008–2024. Stats are correct as of conclusion of league stage of IPL 2024.

Source: ESPNCricinfo.com (Last updated: 26 May 2024)

+Current teams	Team	Appearances			Best result	Statistics
width=30		Total	width=30	First		width=30	Latest	width=30	Played	width=30	Won	width=30	Lost	width=30		width=30		width=20	NR	width=30	Win%
Chennai Super Kings	15			(2010, 2011, 2018, 2021, 2023)	239	138	98	0	1	2	57.74
Mumbai Indians	17			(2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2020)	261	142	115	2	2	0	54.40
Kolkata Knight Riders	17			(2012, 2014, 2024)	252	130	117	1	3	0	52.40
Gujarat Titans	3			(2022)	45	28	17	0	0	0	62.22
Rajasthan Royals	15			(2008)	222	110	106	2	1	2	50.91
Sunrisers Hyderabad	12			(2016)	182	87	91	1	3	0	49.17
Royal Challengers Bengaluru	17			(2009, 2011, 2016)	256	121	128	2	1	4	48.61
Punjab Kings	17			(2014)	246	109	133	3	1	0	45.12
Delhi Capitals	17			(2020)	252	112	134	3	1	2	44.44
Lucknow Super Giants	3			(2022, 2023)	44	24	19	0	0	1	54.54
Deccan Chargers	5			(2009)	75	29	46	0	0	0	38.66
	2			(2017)	30	15	15	0	0	0	50.00
	2			(2016)	30	13	16	0	1	0	45.00
	1			(2011)	14	6	8	0	0	0	42.85
	3			(2011, 2012, 2013)	46	12	33	0	0	1	26.67

Team now defunct

Records and statistics

See main article: List of Indian Premier League records and statistics. A summary of the most notable statistical records associated with the tournament is provided below:

• Source: Records extracted from ESPNcricinfo^[78]

Awards

See main article: List of Indian Premier League awards.

Orange Cap

The Orange Cap is awarded to the highest run-scorer at the end of each season. It is an ongoing competition with the current highest-run scorer wearing the cap whilst fielding. The eventual winner keeps the cap for the season. Brendon McCullum was the first player to wear the Orange Cap and Shaun Marsh the inaugural winner of the award. Australian batsman David Warner has won the award three times, more than any other player.^[79] Virat Kohli of Royal Challengers Bengaluru, who scored 741 runs during the 2024 season, is the most recent winner of the award.^{[80] [81]}

Purple Cap

The Purple Cap is awarded to the highest wicket-taker at the end of each season. It is an ongoing competition and the bowler who is the leading wicket-taker wears a purple cap whilst fielding. The eventual winner keeps the cap for the season. Bhuvneshwar Kumar and Dwayne Bravo are the only players to have won the award twice.^{[82] [83]} Harshal Patel of Punjab Kings who took 24 wickets during the 2024 season, is the most recent winner of the award.

Most Valuable Player

The Most Valuable Player award, formerly called the "Man of the Tournament" until the 2012 season, is awarded using a ratings system introduced in 2013. Sunil Narine won the award in 2024.

Fair Play Award

The Fair Play Award is given after each season to the team considered to have the best fair play record. After each match, the two on-field umpires and the third umpire score the performance of both teams, with the highest-scoring team at the end of the season receiving the award.^[84] The 2024 winners were Sunrisers Hyderabad.

Emerging Player Award

The Emerging Player Award was presented to the best under-19 player in 2008 and the best under-23 player in 2009 and 2010. In 2011 and 2012, the award was known as "Rising Star of the Year," and in 2013 the "Best Young Player of the Season." Since 2014, the award has been called the Emerging Player of the Year. Mustafizur Rahman is the only foreign player to win this award.^[85] The 2024 winner was Nitish Kumar Reddy.

Maximum Sixes Award

The Maximum Sixes Award is presented to the player who hits the most sixes at the end of the season.^[86]

Finances

See also: List of professional sports leagues by revenue.

Title sponsorship

Title sponsorship fees^[87]

Sponsor	Period	Estimated annual sponsorship fee
DLF	2008–2012
Pepsi	2013–2015
Vivo	2016, 2017
	2018, 2019, 2021
Dream11	2020
Tata	2022–2023
	2024–2028	^[88]

From 2008 to 2012, the IPL title sponsor was DLF, India's largest real estate developer, which bid for the rights for five seasons.^[89] After the 2012 season, PepsiCo bought the title sponsorship rights for for the next five seasons^[90] but terminated the deal in October 2015, two years before the expiry of the contract, due to the two-season suspension of the Chennai and Rajasthan franchises from the league.^[91] The BCCI transferred the title sponsorship rights for the remaining two seasons of the contract to Chinese smartphone manufacturer Vivo for .^[92]

In June 2017, Vivo retained the rights for the next five seasons from 2018 to 2022 with a winning bid of .^{[93] [94]} On 4 August 2020, Vivo canceled the title sponsorship rights due to the military stand-off between India and China at the Line of Actual Control in July 2020.^[95] The withdrawal was also a result of Vivo's market losses due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic; Vivo intended to return as the title sponsor for the following three years.^[96] Dream11 became the title sponsors for the 2020 IPL for an amount of .^[97] Vivo returned as the title sponsor for the 2021 IPL season^[98] but withdrew again, and was replaced by the Tata Group for the next two seasons.^[99] InsideSport reported the BCCI would receive for the 2022 and 2023 seasons from title sponsors. Vivo had previously agreed to pay a higher amount for the last two seasons of its sponsorship contract due to the league's expansion from the 2022 season. According to InsideSport, due to the new deal's structure, Tata would pay per year while Vivo would pay the deficit of per season.^{[100] [101]}

Saudi Aramco brought the rights to advertise on the Purple and Orange caps in 2022.^[102]

Payments to foreign national boards

The BCCI pays ten per cent of the auctioned value of players to their national cricket boards. In January 2018, IPL chairman Rajiv Shukla said the IPL would double the amount paid to cricket boards that made their players available for an entire season.^[103] In 2022, Australian Cricketers' Association expressed its unhappiness about this.^[104]

Brand value

The IPL tournament rapidly grew in value between 2016 and 2018. Financial experts valued the IPL at US$4.16 billion in 2016; that number grew to $5.3 billion in 2017 and $6.13 billion in 2018. A report from Duff & Phelps said one of the contributing factors in the rapid growth of the IPL's value was a new television deal with Star India Private Limited, which engaged more viewers because the IPL was transmitted to regional channels in eight languages; under the previous deal, the transmissions were limited to sports networks with English-language commentary.^{[105] [106]}

According to an independent report conducted by Brand Finance, a London-based company, after the conclusion of the 2017 Indian Premier League, the IPL's business value grew by 37% to an all-time peak of $5.3 billion, exceeding the five-billion-dollar mark for the first time in a season. According to the company's director Savio D'Souza:

Now in its 11th season, the Indian Premier League is here to stay. The league has delivered financially for the players, franchisees, sponsors, and India as a whole, prompting a strong desire among stakeholders to value it appropriately. To ensure continued development, management, and team owners must explore innovative ways of engaging fans, clubs, and sponsors.^[107]

In December 2022, the IPL became a decacorn valued at US$10.9 billion, registering a 75% growth in dollar terms since 2020 when it was valued at $6.2 billion, according to a report by consulting firm D & P Advisory.^[14]

Brand value

Team	Year
	2023		2022		2021
	Brand value	Ref	Brand value	Ref	Brand value	Ref
Mumbai Indians			$83M	^[108] ^[109] ^[110]	$80M
Chennai Super Kings			$74M		$76M
Kolkata Knight Riders			$77M		$66M
Lucknow Super Giants			$32M		N/A
Delhi Capitals			$62M		$56M
Royal Challengers Bengaluru			$68M		$50M
Rajasthan Royals			$61M		$34M
Sunrisers Hyderabad			$49M		$52M
Punjab Kings			$45M		$36M
Gujarat Titans			$47M		N/A

In 2022, the BCCI took insurance of for the IPL. This insurance policy involves all stakeholders, including broadcasters, ancillary services providers, and sponsors. The BCCI is covered in the case of any revenue losses due to weather, riots, and other unforeseen events.^[111]

Broadcasting

2023–2027: Star Sports and JioCinema

The next cycle of IPL media rights will last from 2023 to 2027 and will be put to auction.^[112] In this auction, the broadcasting rights were divided into four packages. Package A was for domestic television rights, and Package B was for domestic digital rights. Package C was for the digital rights of eighteen non-exclusive matches, and Package D was for international television and digital rights, further divided into four groups. On 13 June 2022, it was reported the packages for domestic television and streaming rights had fetched at least 397.75 billion (nearly US$5.1 billion) in total, doubling the value of the 2018–2022 contract.

The next day, it was announced that Star Sports had renewed its contract for television rights by winning package A, and that a Viacom18 consortium had exclusively acquired the streaming rights by winning both Package B and C.^[113] The two contracts for Package A and B are cumulatively valued at around US$6.2 billion; with the new contracts, the IPL overtook the Premier League in English football as the second highest-valued sports media property worldwide, behind only the NFL, whose new media contracts taking effect in the 2023 season cumulatively fetched US$111 billion.^{[114] [115] [116] [117]}

In February 2023, Viacom18 announced it would stream the 2023 IPL for free on JioCinema with feeds in 12 languages, including English and regional languages, and in 4K resolution.^{[118] [119] [120]} The same month, The Walt Disney Company reported its loss of the IPL had contributed to a net loss of 2.4 million Disney+ subscribers worldwide, primarily in India.^{[121] [122]}

Ahead of the 2023 IPL, Star launched HD feeds of Star Sports 1 in Tamil and Telugu and announced its free-to-air channel Star Utsav Movies would carry twelve matches. It was anticipated that viewership of Star Sports' broadcasts may not be heavily impacted by the Jio deal due to its existing market reach (including as rights holder of India's home matches) and viewers who preferred linear television due to being less familiar with over-the-top services, or concerns over technical issues associated with such services. JioCinema reported the IPL had 1.4 billion views on the service over the opening weekend, which was higher than the entirety of the 2022 season on Disney+ Hotstar.^{[123] [124]} The 2023 final set a record for the most concurrent viewers of a livestreamed event, peaking at over 32 million viewers (surpassing a record of 25.3 million set by Hotstar during the 2019 Cricket World Cup).^{[125] [126]}

List of broadcasters

Territory	Channels and Online streaming	Years
India	Star Sports 1 HD Star Sports 1 Hindi HD Star Sports 1 Kannada Star Sports 1 Tamil HD Star Sports 1 Telugu HD Star Gold HD Star Bharat SD Star Utsav Movies SD Star Jalsa Movies SD Star Maa Movies SD Star Suvarna Plus SD Star Vijay Super SD	2024–2027
	JioCinema (Internet)	2024–2027
Afghanistan	ATN HD ATN News HD	2024
	Ariana Television (Internet)	2024
Australia	Foxtel Fox Cricket Kayo Sports	2023–present
	Kayo Freebies (Internet)	2023–present
Bangladesh	T Sports HD	2024
	T Sports APP	2024
Indonesia	Vidio (Internet)	2023^[127]
New Zealand	Colors TV	2024–present
Pakistan	Tapmad APP	2024
Ireland	Sky Sports DAZN	2023–present
United Kingdom
South Africa	SuperSport	2023
Sri Lanka	Supreme TV	2023–present
	The Papare.com
	Willow TV	2023
Middle East and North Africa	Times Internet	2023
Sub-Saharan Africa	SuperSport	2021–present

Controversies

IPL spot-fixing and betting

In the 2012 IPL spot-fixing case, the BCCI gave a lifetime ban to Deccan Chargers player TP Sudhindra and suspended four other players.^[128] In a sting operation, Pune Warriors India player Mohnish Mishra was recorded stating that IPL franchise owners pay their players through black money. Mishra later apologized for his incorrect statement.^{[129] [130]} On 20 May 2012, police detained Rahul Sharma and Wayne Parnell when they were caught during a raid at a rave party in a suburb of Mumbai; both the players denied taking drugs or drinking alcohol.^[131] However, it was later proven that in reality, they had taken banned drugs after police tested their urine and blood samples in a lab.^[132]

In the 2013 IPL spot-fixing and betting case, Delhi police arrested players Ajit Chandila, Ankeet Chavan and S. Sreesanth on allegations of spot-fixing; they received a lifetime ban from the BCCI. The police also arrested Gurunath Meiyappan, Chennai Super Kings' team principal and son-in-law of then BCCI president N. Srinivasan, for illegally betting on IPL matches and passing team information to bookmakers.^{[133] [134]}

The Lodha Committee, appointed by the Supreme Court of India, banned Rajasthan Royals (RR) and Chennai Super Kings (CSK) for two years. CSK's team principal, Gurunath Meiyappan, was found guilty of betting and bringing the IPL and the game into disrepute. After this, the BCCI banned Meiyappan from involving in the game. Justice RM Lodha said that due to all this fixing-betting matter, the reputation of the game had been hurt quite grievously. "Disrepute has been brought to cricket, the BCCI and the IPL to such an extent that there are doubts abound in the public whether the game is clean or not," Justice Lodha said. He further elaborated on his committee's observations and said it had been proven beyond doubt that Meiyappan, CSK's team principal, was heavily involved in betting on his team.^[135]

Strategic timeouts

In its 3rd season in 2010, the IPL administration brought a new rule: "strategic timeout" of seven minutes and fifty seconds duration in each inning. Franchises and Sachin Tendulkar disapproved of it. Many saw it as the BCCI's use of 'extended drinks break' to earn money; it faced widespread backlash.^[136] Then-IPL president said that the rule is intended to allow teams to make strategies during the game. Still, critics disagreed with this argument and said that the strategic timeout is a way to generate money. Later, the BCCI reduced its duration but still applied it.^[137]

These timeouts boost the IPL's revenue; every 10-second slot gets sold for ₹5 lakhs or more.^{[136] [138]} Due to these timeouts, an IPL match halts four times for more than 10 minutes. As per Sunil Gavaskar, along with many other reasons, strategic timeouts delay the IPL matches, causing them to not end at the stipulated time of 3 hours and 10 minutes but rather after 4 hours.^[139] During the Super Giants versus Mumbai Indians eliminator game in 2023, he uttered on-air, "How many times batsmen get out after a strategic timeout," indicating that it plays a negative role in immediate fall of wickets by disrupting concentration of the batters.^[140]

Some cricketers have criticized strategic timeouts for interrupting the flow of play. In the past, it even faced Public Interest Litigation (PIL) with the possibility that ST breaks were being used by bookies to connect with players. In the past, IPL's stakeholders admitted that STs are unavoidable because they provide the BCCI and broadcasters with additional time for more ads. In 2013, after a spot-fixing matter, then-president N. Srinivasan got sacked due to a pending inquiry, and Jagmohan Dalmia got appointed as interim president. Dalmia expressed openly that he wants to end STs and take other measures to restrain malpractices in the IPL.

Incidents with players

In the 2008 edition, after a game, Harbhajan Singh, who was playing for Mumbai Indians, slapped S. Sreesanth. The IPL fined and banned him from the remaining entire edition. However, years later, he apologized to Sreesanth for it on TV and said that he was ashamed for doing it.^{[141] [142]}

In a 2022 interview, Yuzvendra Chahal revealed two incidents of physical harassment that happened with him while he was with Mumbai Indians. In 2013, at a party of the team in a building, a drunken teammate took him to the balcony, overpowered him and hung him from the 15th floor of the building. Yuzvendra said he narrowly survived that day.^{[143] [144] [145]} In another incident, two teammates, including Andrew Symonds, tied him up, gagged his mouth and threw him into a hotel room. He remained alone in that room the entire night. When the hotel room service arrived in the morning, they untied his hands and legs.^[146] He did not reveal the names of the offenders involved in the first incident. Reacting to these revelations, Virender Sehwag expressed that he wanted Yuzvendra to reveal the offender's name, and furious Ravi Shastri expressed that the offender should be banned.

In 2010, the BCCI banned Ravindra Jadeja from the IPL for one year after he violated the IPL guidelines by not signing a renewal contract with his team Rajasthan Royals, and instead negotiated a more lucrative contract with other teams through the back door.^[147]

Rajasthan Royals ownership dispute

In April 2010, the BCCI president Shashank Manohar said in a press conference that the IPL governing council didn't know who the owners of Rajasthan Royals (RR) and the Punjab team are. The initial bid for RR was made by a person named Manoj Bhandale. After that, other firms from Mauritius were added as shareholders. In response, Shilpa Shetty tweeted that she was a proprietor of RR. Regarding the Punjab team, Manohar revealed that in the team bidding event, only Preity Zinta was interested in buying that team. She said that she would form a firm. She did it and signed a bid agreement with the BCCI. However, Preity did not have a single share in her name in that firm. Manohar alleged that Shetty and Zinta violated the agreement as prior permission of the BCCI is mandatory before transferring ownership shares with other people.^[148]

N. Srinivasan's ownership of CSK

In 2010, an e-mail leaked in Indian media, according to an Economic Times article, said that former IPL president Lalit Modi helped then-BCCI president N. Srinivasan to buy Andrew Flintoff in the auction for his team Chennai Super Kings (CSK).^[149] Srinivasan was criticized for owning an IPL team due to his conflict of interests. Former BCCI president A. Muthiah filed a lawsuit against Srinivasan in the Supreme Court of India; he claimed that Srinivasan altered the BCCI's rules to allow himself to purchase a team. The Lodha Committee banned CSK from the IPL for two years when their team principal, Gurunath Meiyappan, was found guilty of betting and providing inside information to bookies.^[150] The supreme court criticized Srinivasan for buying an IPL team while serving as the BCCI president; a judge commented, "How can a BCCI chief own a team?"^[151] However, he still owns the team and his daughter Rupa Gurunath often appears in stadiums during CSK's games.

Australian players' dispute with their board

Due to the BCCI giving one-tenth of foreign players' salaries to their respective countries' national cricket boards, a dispute between Australian cricketers and Cricket Australia started. The Australian Cricketers' Association also opposed the arrangement.^[152]

Shashi Tharoor and Sunanda Pushkar's sweat equity in RSW

In 2010, the IPL president revealed that Sunanda Pushkar, wife of the Minister of State for External Affairs Shashi Tharoor, had sweat equity shares in Rendezvous Sports World (RSW), the proprietor of Kochi Tuskers Kerala. The opposition party BJP agitated against the Indian National Congress. Later, it was revealed that Pushkar had equity worth ₹70 crore in RSW. Tharoor offered to leave his equity, but many within the Congress party felt that by doing this, Tharoor pleaded guilty. Due to pressure, the Congress party demanded his resignation. He was the first minister of the United Progressive Alliance 2 who got slammed for his illegal moves.^[153]

Slow over rates

The IPL frequently gets criticism due to the slow pace of its matches. During the 2023 season, Jos Buttler mentioned on Twitter the need to speed up the pace of play. An IPL match should end within 3 hours and 10 minutes of the stipulated time, but it often ends after 4 hours. As per Gavaskar, strategic timeouts, reserve players running on the field with drinks and messages during games, and batsmen asking for helmets result in these delays. The introduction of strategic timeouts was also suspected to be for monetary reasons since it allows for more ad slots. Field umpires sometimes penalize teams by restricting them to having only four fielders outside the 30-yard area, or match referees penalize captains and team members by reducing their match fees, but these measures have not solved the problem. Games often run at a slow speed and finish late. During the 2024 season, Rishabh Pant, captain of Delhi Capitals, and Shubman Gill of Gujarat Titans were fined ₹12 lakhs each for their teams' slow over rates during matches against Chennai Super Kings.^[154] Millions of viewers feel that IPL matches should be fast-paced.^[155]

Negative impact on international cricket

Former India captain Kapil Dev claimed that there was an increasing risk of injury to Indian players from playing in the IPL. He felt that some players avoided the national team's matches but appeared in all of their IPL fixtures.^[156]

Exclusion of Pakistani players

Following the November 2008 terrorist attacks in Mumbai and the attack on Sri Lankan team in March 2009, geopolitical tensions surged between India and Pakistan. It led to several outcomes, including Pakistani players being unofficially forbidden to play in the IPL.^[157] While they had been selected by several teams for the inaugural IPL season (2008), their contracts were terminated before the 2009 edition. This situation endured "due to political tensions".^[158] Among the critics of the BCCI and IPL owners is Imran Khan, who has said they "take it out on Pakistan players". He accused the BCCI of "arrogance" but also stated that "Pakistan should not worry about it".^[159]

See also

• Cricket in India
• Sports in India – An overview of sports culture in India
• Indian Super League
• Women's Premier League – An Indian T20 cricket league, est. 2023
• List of professional sports leagues in India
• List of cricket leagues in India

External links

• • Tournament home on ESPNcricinfo

Notes and References

1. Web site: Frater. Patrick. Ramachandran. Naman. India Media Landscape Redrawn as Viacom18, Disney Carve up $6.2 Billion IPL Cricket Rights. Variety. 14 June 2022. 18 August 2022. 18 August 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220818195257/https://variety.com/2022/digital/asia/indian-premier-league-cricket-viacom18-disney-1235293584/. live.
2. News: IPL Auction 2023: Check venue, time and live streaming details here . The Economic Times . 17 December 2022 . 17 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221217122722/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/ipl-auction-2023-check-venue-time-and-live-streaming-details-here/articleshow/96221617.cms?from=mdr . live .
3. News: IPL 2022: Tata group to replace Vivo as IPL title sponsors from this year . The Times of India . 11 January 2022 . 22 April 2024 . 21 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240521105931/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/tata-group-to-replace-vivo-as-ipl-title-sponsors-from-this-year/articleshow/88830655.cms . live .
4. News: 28 June 2018 . How can the IPL become a global sports giant? . ESPNcricinfo . 20 February 2019 . 7 February 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210207160149/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/tim-wigmore-how-can-the-ipl-become-a-global-sports-giant-1150459 . live .
5. News: 12 December 2017 . IPL now has window in ICC Future Tours Programme . ESPNcricinfo . 20 February 2019 . 20 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220420091110/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-now-has-window-in-icc-future-tours-programme-1129304 . live .
6. News: Barrett, Chris . Big Bash League jumps into top 10 of most attended sports leagues in the world . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210504180627/https://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/big-bash-league-jumps-into-top-10-of-most-attended-sports-leagues-in-the-world-20160110-gm2w8z.html . 4 May 2021 . 20 February 2019 . The Sydney Morning Herald.
7. News: IPL matches to be broadcast live on Youtube . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210211075527/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-matches-to-be-broadcast-live-on-youtube-445173 . 11 February 2021 . 20 February 2019 . ESPNcricinfo.
8. News: Hoult, Nick . 20 January 2010 . IPL to broadcast live on YouTube . subscription . live . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/twenty20/ipl/7033597/IPL-to-broadcast-live-on-YouTube.html . 11 January 2022 . 20 February 2019 . The Telegraph UK.
9. Web site: Big cash... . Inside sports . 6 June 2023 .
10. Web site: How Tamil Nadu Premier League became a feeder series for IPL . https://web.archive.org/web/20230828191809/https://theprint.in/opinion/pov/how-tamil-nadu-premier-league-became-a-feeder-series-for-ipl/1065828/?amp&ved=2ahUKEwjRqJnk9qmAAxW9zzgGHQf6AIoQFnoECCUQAQ&usg=AOvVaw1_L0DlYmZrqQK4e4o2tdQ0 . dead . 28 August 2023 . The Print.
11. Web site: 12 April 2015 . Move over IPL, the Indian rural cricket league is here . 25 July 2023 . Hindustan Times . en . 25 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230725133632/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/move-over-ipl-the-indian-rural-cricket-league-is-here/story-srsc83tlpQ8ZjwDGK4BtbL.html . live .
12. Web site: 21 December 2022 . IPL valuation jumps 75% to USD 10.9 billion in 2022 . 24 December 2022 . Cricket World . 24 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221224085846/https://www.cricketworld.com/ipl-valuation-jumps-75-to-usd-10-9-billion-in-2022/84124.htm . live .
13. News: IPL 2015 contributed Rs. 11.5 bn to GDP: BCCI. IANS. The Hindu. 30 October 2015. 20 February 2019. 19 June 2016. https://archive.today/20160619005240/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/2015-indian-premier-league-ipl-contributed-rs115-billion-12-million-to-indias-gross-domestic-product-gdp-says-bcci/article7823334.ece. live.
14. News: IPL crosses $10 billion valuation to become a decacorn: D and P Advisory. Faruooqi. Javed. 21 December 2022. Economic Times. 22 March 2023. 22 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230322222710/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/ipl-crosses-10-billion-valuation-to-become-a-decacorn-d-and-p-advisory/articleshow/96385715.cms?from=mdr. live.
15. Web site: IPL 2023 Finals: JioCinema breaks world record with over 3.2 crore viewers during CSK vs GT final . 30 May 2023 . 1 June 2023 . 31 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230531090204/https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/story/ipl-2023-finals-jiocinema-breaks-world-record-with-over-32-crore-viewers-during-csk-vs-gt-final-383398-2023-05-30 . live .
16. Web site: IPL media rights BCCI hits a six while star India and Viacom18 scramble for the ball . . 20 June 2022 . 20 May 2023 . 20 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230520160243/https://www.financialexpress.com/business/brandwagon-ipl-media-rights-bcci-hits-a-six-while-viacom18-and-star-india-scramble-for-the-ball-2566141/lite/ . live .
17. News: IPL media rights at ₹104 million IPL... . . 14 June 2022 . 20 May 2023 . 20 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230520155935/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-media-rights-at-rs-104-crore-ipl-overtakes-epl-in-per-match-value/articleshow/92169438.cms . live .
18. News: Ramesh . Akshay . 2024-05-26 . IPL Final: KKR crowned champions for 3rd time as SRH implode in one-sided title match . 2024-05-26 . . 26 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240526172726/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ipl-2024-final-kkr-vs-srh-kolkata-3rd-crown-shreyas-iyer-pat-cummins-chennai-2544139-2024-05-26 . live .
19. News: ICL announces team lists. 20 February 2019. Rediff. 14 November 2007. 3 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191527/http://www.rediff.com/cricket/2007/nov/14icl.htm. live.
20. News: Press Trust of India. BCCI shoots down ICL. Rediff.com. 13 June 2007. 20 February 2019. 18 December 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20071218211734/http://inhome.rediff.com/cricket/2007/jun/13icl.htm. live.
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114. Web site: Livemint . 14 June 2022 . Viacom18, Disney Star win big as IPL media rights sold for ₹48,390 crore . 14 June 2022 . mint . en . 14 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220614233122/https://www.livemint.com/sports/cricket-news/viacom18-disney-star-win-big-as-ipl-media-rights-sold-for-rs-48-390-crore-bcci-secretary-jay-shah-11655211425507.html . live .
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116. Web site: 14 June 2022 . Indian Cricket Rights Cost Broadcasters More Than English Soccer . 19 June 2022 . Bloomberg . 4 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221204162347/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-06-14/indian-cricket-rights-cost-broadcasters-more-than-english-soccer . live .
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126. Web site: 17 July 2019 . Hotstar sets global streaming record during India-New Zealand semi-final . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190718183201/http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/hotstar-global-streaming-record-india-new-zealand-semi-final . 18 July 2019 . 18 July 2019 . SportsPro Media.
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140. [Star Sports (Indian TV network)|Star Sports]
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142. Web site: If... . News18.
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144. Web site: Sehwag wants... . .
145. Web site: Life ban for that person involved [...]furious Ravi Shastri reacts to Yuzvendra's 2012 balcony episode. ]. .
146. Web site: Was tied... . .
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153. News: 19 April 2010 . Shashi Tharoor resigns, PM accepts . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20100421021113/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Kochi-IPL-row-Shashi-Tharoor-resigns-PM-accepts/articleshow/5829192.cms . 21 April 2010 . Times of India.
154. Web site: Madhan . 2024-04-01 . IPL 2024: Delhi Capitals Skipper Rishabh Pant Slapped with 12 Lakh Fine for Slow Over Rate Against CSK . 2024-04-16 . CricTips . en-GB . 9 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240609190112/https://crictips.com/news/ipl-2024-delhi-capitals-skipper-rishabh-pant-slapped-with-12-lakh-fine-for-slow-over-rate-against-csk/ . live .
155. Web site: IPL is losing the game of clock . . 4 April 2023 . 23 May 2023 . 23 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230523224332/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-is-losing-the-game-of-the-clock-101680630300397-amp.html . live .
156. Web site: 'A little bit of injury, you will play IPL. A little bit of injury, you won't play for India': Kapil Dev drops bombshell . Hindustan Times . 29 March 2024 . en . 31 July 2023 . 29 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240329121515/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/a-little-bit-of-injury-you-will-play-ipl-a-little-bit-of-injury-you-wont-play-for-india-kapil-dev-drops-bombshell-101690727395367.html . live .
157. https://www.sportingnews.com/uk/cricket/news/ipl-2023-why-arent-pakistan-players-indian-premier-league/fhamxhorobjqnxcioy8s5ipb#:~:text=Due%20to%20the%202008%20Mumbai,banned%20from%20joining%20the%20IPL. IPL 2023: Why aren't Pakistan players in the Indian Premier League?
158. https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/shaheen-afridi-box-office-babar-azam-rizwan-worrisome-experts-manjrekar-moody-pakistan-cricketers-for-ipl-perfect-world-101685872234883.html 'Shaheen Afridi would be box office. Babar, Rizwan worrisome': Experts pick PAK cricketers for IPL in ‘perfect world’
159. https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/if-india-doesnt-allow-pakistan-players-in-ipl-imran-khan-slams-bcci-3909778 'If India Doesn't Allow Pakistan Players In IPL...': Imran Khan Slams BCCI