Independent circuit explained

In professional wrestling, the independent circuit (often shortened to the indie circuit or the indies) is the collective name of independently owned promotions which are deemed to be smaller and more regionalized than major national promotions.

Independent promotions are essentially viewed as a minor league or farm system for the larger national promotions, as wrestlers in "indie" companies (especially young wrestlers just starting their careers) are usually honing their craft with the goal of being noticed and signed by a major national promotion such as WWE, All Elite Wrestling (AEW) (which also owns Ring of Honor (ROH)), or Total Nonstop Action Wrestling in the United States, Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide or Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre in Mexico, or New Japan Pro-Wrestling, Dragongate, All Japan Pro Wrestling, World Wonder Ring Stardom or the CyberFight promotions in Japan. It is also not uncommon for veteran wrestlers who have had past tenures with major promotions to appear on independent shows, either as special attractions or as a way to prolong their careers.^[1]

Origins

The "indie" scene in the United States dates back to the days of regional territories. When a promoter ran opposition in even one town controlled by a National Wrestling Alliance sanctioned territory, they were often called an "outlaw" territory.^[2] This is considered by some to be a forerunner to indies since some stars of the past got their start in these low quality local rivals to the big regional territories.

The modern definition of the independent circuit came about in the middle to late 1980s and fully formed and flourished after 1990. These promotions initially sought to revive the feel of old school territorial wrestling after former territories either went national, such as WWF, went out of business, or eventually did both, such as WCW. Several indies did in fact manage to tour different towns within a region and maintain a consistent schedule.

After Vince McMahon, seeking regulatory relief, gave in 1989 testimony in front of the New Jersey State Athletic Commission^[3] where he publicly admitted pro wrestling was in fact a sports-based entertainment, rather than a true athletic competition, many state athletic commissions stopped regulating wrestling. This obviated the need for complying with many expensive requirements, such as the need for an on-site ambulance and trained emergency medical personnel at each bout. After the business was thus exposed and deregulated, just about anyone could be a promoter or a wrestler since no licensing beyond a business license was then required. Many thought they could save money by holding shows in lesser towns and smaller arenas with little to no televised exposure, leading to many shows being held only once a week or once a month in local towns.

By country

United States

See also: List of independent wrestling promotions in the United States. Independent promotions are usually local in focus and, lacking national TV contracts, are much more dependent on revenue from house show attendance. Due to their lower budgets, most independent promotions offer low salaries (it is not unusual for a wrestler to work for free due to the fact most promoters can only afford to pay well-known talent). Most cannot afford to regularly rent large venues, and would not be able to attract a large enough crowd to fill such a venue were they able to do so. Instead, they make use of any almost open space (such as fields, ballrooms, or gymnasiums) to put on their performances. Some independent promotions are attached to professional wrestling schools, serving as a venue for students to gain experience in front of an audience. As independent matches are seldom televised, indie wrestlers who have not already gained recognition in other promotions tend to remain in obscurity. However, scouts from major promotions attend indie shows, and an indie wrestler who makes a good impression may be offered a developmental or even a full-professional contract.

The advent of the Internet has allowed independent wrestlers and promotions to reach a wider audience, and it is possible for wrestlers regularly working the indie circuit to gain some measure of fame among wrestling fans online. Additionally, some of the more successful indies have video distribution deals, giving them an additional source of income and allowing them to reach a larger audience outside of their local areas.

Main Event(s)! class=unsortable

bgcolor=lightgrey	bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	WRKO's Taste of the Boss	bgcolor=lightgrey	Boston, Massachusetts	bgcolor=lightgrey	Boston City Hall Plaza	bgcolor=lightgrey	35,000	bgcolor=lightgrey	5-0 (Trooper Gilmore and Corporal Johnson) vs. Victor Rivera and Jay Kobain	bgcolor=lightgrey
bgcolor=lightgrey	bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	Warped Tour 2002	bgcolor=lightgrey	Pontiac, Michigan	bgcolor=lightgrey	Pontiac Silverdome	bgcolor=lightgrey	19,000	bgcolor=lightgrey	Deranged vs. Tommy Starr in a UV Light Tube Death match	bgcolor=lightgrey
bgcolor=lightgrey	bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	BELIEVE 156	bgcolor=lightgrey	Orlando, Florida	bgcolor=lightgrey	Central Florida Fairgrounds	bgcolor=lightgrey	15,000	bgcolor=lightgrey	Aaron Epic (c) vs. Andrew Merlin for the SCW Florida Heavyweight Championship	bgcolor=lightgrey
bgcolor=lightgrey	bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	Cement Belt Fair	bgcolor=lightgrey	Cementon, Pennsylvania	bgcolor=lightgrey	Cementon Fairgrounds	bgcolor=lightgrey	12,500	bgcolor=lightgrey	Heidi Lee Morgan vs. Baby Face Nellie	bgcolor=lightgrey
bgcolor=lightgrey	bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	OC Fair: Flower Power (Day 2)	bgcolor=lightgrey	Costa Mesa, California	bgcolor=lightgrey	Washington Mutual Arena	bgcolor=lightgrey	12,000	bgcolor=lightgrey	El Hijo del Santo, Lil Cholo and Silver Tyger vs. Infernal, Super Kendo 2 and Super Parka	bgcolor=lightgrey
1.	All In	Hoffman Estates, Illinois	Sears Centre Arena	11,263	The Golden Elite (Kota Ibushi, Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson) vs. Bandido, Rey Fénix and Rey Mysterio in a six-man tag team match
bgcolor=lightgrey	bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	OC Fair: Flower Power (Day 1)	bgcolor=lightgrey	Costa Mesa, California	bgcolor=lightgrey	Washington Mutual Arena	bgcolor=lightgrey	10,000	bgcolor=lightgrey	El Hijo del Santo, Lil Cholo and Silver Tyger vs. Infernal, Super Kendo 2 and Super Parka	bgcolor=lightgrey
bgcolor=lightgrey	bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	BaseBrawl	bgcolor=lightgrey	Columbus, Ohio	bgcolor=lightgrey	Cooper Stadium	bgcolor=lightgrey	8,757	bgcolor=lightgrey	Rory Fox (c) vs. Shark Boy for the HWA Cruiserweight Championship	bgcolor=lightgrey
2.	Memphis Memories	Memphis, Tennessee	Mid-South Coliseum	8,377	Jerry Lawler vs. Austin Idol vs. Brian Christopher vs. Doug Gilbert vs. Eddie Gilbert vs. Jimmy Valiant vs. Koko B. Ware vs. Moondog Spot vs. Terry Funk vs. Tommy Rich in a 10-man elimination match	^[4]
bgcolor=lightgrey	bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	Sportsfest	bgcolor=lightgrey	Allentown, Pennsylvania	bgcolor=lightgrey	Cedar Beach Park	bgcolor=lightgrey	8,000	bgcolor=lightgrey	The Love Connection (Jay Love and Georgie Love) vs. D'Lo Brown and Owen Hart	bgcolor=lightgrey
3.	USWA vs. WWF	Memphis, Tennessee	Mid-South Coliseum	7,500	Bret Hart (c) vs. Jerry Lawler in a Steel Cage match for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship
4.	LuchaMania USA Tour	Los Angeles, California	Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena	7,000	Blue Demon Jr., Cien Caras Jr. and Dr. Wagner Jr. vs. El Hijo del Santo, L.A. Par-K and Rayo de Jalisco Jr. in a six-man tag team match
5.	Ric Flair's Last Match	Nashville, Tennessee	Nashville Municipal Auditorium	6,800	Ric Flair and Andrade El Idolo vs. Jay Lethal and Jeff Jarrett
6.	FMW vs. WWA	Los Angeles, California	Cal State-Los Angeles Gym	6,250	Atsushi Onita, Tarzan Goto and El Hijo del Santo vs. Negro Casas, Horace Boulder and Tim Patterson in a Best 2-out-of-3 Falls Street Fight match	^[5]
bgcolor=lightgrey	bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	Big Butler Fair	bgcolor=lightgrey	Prospect, Pennsylvania	bgcolor=lightgrey	Big Butler Fairgrounds	bgcolor=lightgrey	6,000	bgcolor=lightgrey	Dusty Rhodes vs. Jerry Lawler	bgcolor=lightgrey
7.	World Wrestling Peace Festival	Los Angeles, California	Los Angeles Sports Arena	5,964	Antonio Inoki and Dan Severn vs. Yoshiaki Fujiwara and Oleg Taktarov	^[6]
8.	November to Remember	New Orleans, Louisiana	Lakefront Arena	5,800	The Triple Threat (Shane Douglas, Bam Bam Bigelow and Chris Candido) vs. New Triple Threat (Sabu, Rob Van Dam and Taz)	^[7]
8.	Bloodymania	Cave-In-Rock, Illinois	Hatchet Landings	5,800		Sabu and The Insane Clown Posse (Shaggy 2 Dope and Violent J) vs. Trent Acid and The Young Altar Boys (Young Altar Boy #1 and Young Altar Boy #4)
9.	Pride	Inglewood, California	Great Western Forum	5,500		Blue Demon Jr., El Hijo del Santo, Mil Mascaras and Tinieblas vs. Dr. Wagner Jr., Scorpio Jr. and Los Guerreros del Infierno (Rey Bucanero and Ultimo Guerrero)
10.	Funk Free for All	Amarillo, Texas	Amarillo Civic Center	5,500	Terry Funk vs. Eddie Gilbert in a Texas Death match	^[8]

Canada

Main Event(s)! class=unsortable

bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	Alouettes Mania I	bgcolor=lightgrey	Montreal, Quebec	bgcolor=lightgrey	Stade Percival-Molson	bgcolor=lightgrey	20,000	bgcolor=lightgrey	Jacques Rougeau vs. King Kong Bundy	bgcolor=lightgrey
bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	Alouettes Mania III	bgcolor=lightgrey	Montreal, Quebec	bgcolor=lightgrey	Stade Percival-Molson	bgcolor=lightgrey	20,000^[9]	bgcolor=lightgrey	Jacques Rougeau vs. Kamala	bgcolor=lightgrey
bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	Alouettes Mania IV	bgcolor=lightgrey	Montreal, Quebec	bgcolor=lightgrey	Stade Percival-Molson	bgcolor=lightgrey	20,000^[10]	bgcolor=lightgrey	Jim Duggan vs. Kurrgan with special referee Jacques Rougeau	bgcolor=lightgrey
1.		Pierre Carl Ouellet vs. Kurrgan	Montreal, Quebec	Centre Bell	5,500+^[11]	Pierre Carl Ouellet vs. Kurrgan with special referee Sid Vicious
2.		Stu Hart 50th Anniversary Show	Calgary, Alberta	Stampede Corral	4,600		Bret Hart (c) vs. The British Bulldog for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship
3.		Jacques Rougeau's Super Wrestling Family Gala	Verdun, Quebec	Verdun Auditorium	4,300		Jacques Rougeau Jr. and J.J. Rougeau (c) vs. Eric Mastrocola and Taloche the Clown for the Johnny Rougeau Tag Team Championship
4.		Pierre Carl Ouellet vs. King Kong Bundy	Verdun, Quebec	Verdun Auditorium	4,000		Pierre Carl Ouellet vs. King Kong Bundy	^[12] ^[13]
5.		Brawl at the Bush II	Brantford, Ontario	Brantford Civic Center	3,600	Haven, Lanny Poffo, Brutus Beefcake and Bushwhacker Luke vs. Big Daddy Hammer, Virgil and The Nasty Boys (Brian Knobbs and Jerry Sags) in a Survivor Series elimination match
6.		Richard Charland vs. Abdullah the Butcher	Montreal, Quebec	Verdun Auditorium	3,500		Richard Charland vs. Abdullah the Butcher	^[14]
6.		Jacques Rougeau's Super Wrestling Family Gala	Verdun, Quebec	Verdun Auditorium	3,500		Jacques Rougeau and Giant Martin vs. Kurrgan and Eric Mastrocola	^[15]
7.	Gatineau Pro wrestling (GPW)	Guerre civil 4	Gatineau, quebec	Centre slush puppie	3,242	Thunder VS Darko (heavy weight championship)
8.		Night of Thunder	Winnipeg, Manitoba	Convention Centre	3,000		Chi Chi Cruz vs. Scott D'Amore
8.		Jacques Rougeau Jr. Retirement Tour (Day 1)	Montréal, Quebec	Verdun Auditorium	3,000		Jacques Rougeau Jr. and J.J. Rougeau vs. Eric Mastrocola and Sylver
9.		L'Union Fait La Force IV	Montreal, Quebec	Centre Pierre Charbonneau	2,600		The Fabulous Rougeaus (Jacques Rougeau and Raymond Rougeau) vs. The Garvin Brothers (Ron Garvin and Jimmy Garvin) for the Johnny Rougeau Memorial Tag Team Championship	^[16] ^[17]
10.		Welcome to Mexico! (Day 1)	Toronto, Ontario	Harbourfront Centre	2,500		James Champagne, La Sombra and The KGB vs. Incógnito, Xtremo and Blue Demon Jr.
11.		L'Union Fait la Force	Montreal, Quebec	Pierre-Charbonneau Arena	2,200		14-man Battle Royal	^[18] ^[19]
11.	bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	Rumble on the River	2,200	bgcolor=lightgrey	Windsor, Ontario	bgcolor=lightgrey	Riverfront Terrace	bgcolor=lightgrey	Sabu (c) vs. Geza Kalman for the BCW Can-Am Heavyweight Championship	bgcolor=lightgrey	^[20]

Australia

See also: List of professional wrestling organisations in Australia. Unlike the North American or Japanese products which have large, globally renowned organisations such as WWE and New Japan Pro-Wrestling with several hundred smaller promotions, Australia only has approximately 30 smaller independent circuit promotions which exist in all but one of the states and territories, that being the Northern Territory. Tours from the North American product are regularly sold out in capital cities such as Melbourne, Sydney, Perth and Brisbane.

Main Event(s)! class=unsortable

1.	Wrestleriot	Melbourne, Australia	Festival Hall	4,000	Jake Roberts vs. Jim Neidhart	^[21]
2.	Wrestleriot 2	Sydney, Australia		3,500	Road Warrior Hawk vs. Demolition Smash	^[22]
	Wrestleriot 2	Melbourne, Australia			Nailz vs. Big Boss Man	^[23]
	High Risk Championship Wrestling TV	Melbourne, Australia	Festival Hall		Nailz vs. Primo Carnera III	^[24]
3.	International Incident (Day 1)	Melbourne, Australia		2,500+^[25]	Jeff Jarrett vs. Rhino for the inaugural WSW Heavyweight Championship
4.	Wrestleriot	Brisbane, Australia		2,200	Jake Roberts vs. Jim Neidhart
5.	International Assault Tour (Day 2)	Sydney, Australia		2,100	Rhino (c) vs. Jeff Jarrett for the WSW Heavyweight Championship
6.	Wrestleriot 2	Adelaide, Australia		1,450	Big Bossman vs. Nailz	^[26]
7.	International Assault Tour (Day 3)	Newcastle, Australia		1,200+^[27]	Rhino (c) vs. Jeff Jarrett for the WSW Heavyweight Championship
8.	HoH 28	Sydney, Australia	Sydney Showground	1,200	Tommy Dreamer and Billy Gunn vs. The Young Bucks (Matt Jackson & Nick Jackson)
8.	MCW 100	Albert Park, Australia	Melbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre	1,200	Slex (c) vs. Will Ospreay for the MCW Intercommonwealth Championship
9.	HOH 15	East Burwood, Australia	Whitehorse Club	1,100	Andy Phoenix vs. KrackerJak vs. Carlito vs. Tommy Dreamer in a Number 1 contenders Fatal 4-Way match for the OCW Heavyweight Championship
9.	HOH 30	East Burwood, Australia	Whitehorse Club	1,100	MVP vs. Jack Swagger vs. Tommy Dreamer in a Three-Way Dance
10.	Wrestleriot	Adelaide, Australia		1,000	Jake Roberts vs. Jim Neidhart	^[28]
	Nailz vs. High Risk Warrior	Adelaide, Australia			Nailz vs. High Risk Warrior	^[29]
	Psycho Slam Tour (Day 4)	Melbourne, Australia	Camberwell Civic Centre		Sabu vs. Chris Candido
	Supanova Sidney (Day 1)	Sydney, Australia	Acer Arena		Spaceboy Dacey vs. Zander Bathory

Mexico

See also: List of professional wrestling promotions in Mexico. Lucha libre has many more independent wrestlers in proportion to the rest of North America, because of the weight classes prevalent in the Mexican league system as well as its emphasis on multiple person tag matches; just about anyone with ability can emerge from an independent promotion into either AAA or Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre and be a champion there. Independent Mexican wrestlers may use a lot of gimmicks, including some that may be based on copyrighted characters from American television shows, such as Thundercats and X-Men. (These gimmicks are often changed if the wrestler playing them makes it into AAA or CMLL; the most prominent example of non-compliance with this method is midget wrestler Chucky from AAA, whose gimmick is based on the Child's Play movies.)

Main Event(s)! class=unsortable

1.	DragonMania III	Mexico City, Mexico	Arena Mexico	17,000	Ultimo Dragon, Mistico and Tatsumi Fujinami vs. Ultimo Guerrero, Atlantis and Rene Dupree
2.	DragonMania II	Mexico City, Mexico	Arena Mexico	16,800	Último Dragón, Mil Máscaras, Marco Corleone, and Kazuchika Okada vs. Yoshihiro Takayama, Minoru Suzuki, Último Guerrero and SUWA
3.	ALL Elite	Mexico City, Mexico	Arena Mexico	15,000	Dr. Wagner Jr. and La Sombra vs. L.A. Par-K and Volador Jr.	^[30]
4.	Torneo Todo X El Todo	Naucalpan, Mexico	El Toreo de Cuatro Caminos	12,000	16-man Torneo Todo X El Todo tournament
	DragonMania VIII	Mexico City, Mexico	Arena Mexico		Último Dragón, Atlantis and Rayo de Jalisco Jr. vs. Último Guerrero, Hajime Ohara and Mike Knox
		Mexico City, Mexico	Arena Mexico		Rayo de Jalisco Jr., Octagón and Atlantis vs. Los Hermanos Dinamita (Universo Dos Mil, Cien Caras, Máscara Año Dos Mil)
5.	Lucha de Leyendas	Mérida, Mexico	El Poliforo Zamná	11,500	El Hijo del Santo vs. Blue Demon Jr.
6.		Monterrey, Mexico	La Arena Monterrey	10,500+^[31]	Atlantis vs. Blue Panther vs. Místico vs. Último Guerrero vs. Villano V vs. Tigre Universitario in a 6-way Mask vs. Mask match	^[32]
7.	DragonMania V	Mexico City, Mexico	Arena Mexico	10,000+^[33]	Mil Máscaras, Tatsumi Fujinami, Último Dragón and Brazo de Plata vs. Rey Bucanero, Chuck Palumbo, Atlantis and Arkángel de la Muerte	^[34]
8.	DragonMania XI	Mexico City, Mexico	Arena Mexico	10,000^[35]	Ultimo Dragon, Octagon and Caristico vs. Fuerza Guerrera, Tiger Ali and Mephisto	^[36]
9.	DragonManía	Mexico City, Mexico	Arena Mexico	9,914	Último Dragón, Rayo de Jalisco Jr. and Tigre Enmascarado vs. Los Guerreros del Infierno (Rey Bucanero, Tarzan Boy and Último Guerrero)
10.	The Crash in San Luis Potosí	San Luis Potosí, Mexico	El Domo de San Luis	9,000	Rey Misterio Jr., Blue Demon Jr. and Rey Fénix vs. La Máscara, M-ximo and Rey Escorpión	^[37]

Japan

See also: List of professional wrestling promotions in Japan. Until 1984, no independent puroresu promotion per se existed in Japan; potential talent went directly into the training dojos of either New Japan Pro-Wrestling or All Japan Pro Wrestling. (International Wrestling Enterprise also was a third-party promotion until 1981.) The advent of the Japanese Universal Wrestling Federation offered a long-sought third alternative.

From 1986 to 1988 the Japanese system went back to the two-promotion system, but then the UWF was reformed and another promotion, Pioneer Senshi, was started. Because of Japanese societal mores which implied that a wrestler was a lifelong employee of a company and thus identified with it wherever he went, neither AJPW nor NJPW made an effort to acquire wrestlers trained in other promotions; wrestlers from the major promotions who left, such as Genichiro Tenryu, Gran Hamada, Yoshiaki Fujiwara, Akira Maeda, Atsushi Onita, and Nobuhiko Takada had to start their own independent promotions in order to keep themselves in the limelight (Wrestling Association "R", Universal Lucha Libre, Pro Wrestling Fujiwara Gumi, Fighting Network Rings, Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling, and Hustle respectively) .

As the 1990s ended, though, things began to change. Independent promotions began gaining more prominence as they were featured in major specialized media such as Shukan Puroresu and Shukan Gong magazines. With the death of Giant Baba and retirement of Antonio Inoki, which effectively broke their control over the promotions they founded, the major promotions began looking to the smaller promotions for talent.

In 2000, the first major signing from an independent, Minoru Tanaka by NJPW from BattlARTS, took place; soon after NJPW stocked the junior heavyweight division with independent talent such as Masayuki Naruse, Tiger Mask, Gedo, and Jado. On the same year, following the Pro Wrestling Noah split, AJPW was forced to fill its ranks with independent talent; Nobutaka Araya, Shigeo Okumura and Mitsuya Nagai signed up (Araya is the only one who remains, but other signings since then have been Kaz Hayashi, Tomoaki Honma, Hideki Hosaka, and Ryuji Hijikata.)

Noah admitted one wrestler from the independents, Daisuke Ikeda, to its ranks as well (Ikeda has since left, but other wrestlers from the independents that were signed included Akitoshi Saito, Takahiro Suwa, and Taiji Ishimori). Although AJPW, NJPW, and Noah remain committed to their dojos, the reliance on independents is growing as obscure talent is recognized for its ability.

Main Event(s)! class=unsortable

bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	TPW	bgcolor=lightgrey	Tokyo Pro Wrestling in Atami	bgcolor=lightgrey	Atami, Japan	bgcolor=lightgrey	Sun Beach	bgcolor=lightgrey	65,000	bgcolor=lightgrey	Abdullah the Butcher and Daikokubo Benkei vs. Kishin Kawabata and Takashi Ishikawa	bgcolor=lightgrey	^[38]
1.		FMW 6th Anniversary Show	Kawasaki, Japan	Kawasaki Stadium	58,250	Atsushi Onita (c) vs. Hayabusa in a No Rope Exploding Barbed Wire Deathmatch for the FMW Brass Knuckles Heavyweight Championship	^[39]
2.	FMW	FMW 5th Anniversary Show	Kawasaki, Japan	Kawasaki Stadium	52,000		Atsushi Onita vs. Genichiro Tenryu in a No Rope Exploding Barbed Wire Deathmatch	^[40]
3.	FMW	Barbed Wire Deathmatch Tournament	Tokyo, Japan	Torisu Stadium	48,221		Atsushi Onita vs. Sambo Asako in a no rope barbed wire death match tournament final	^[41]
4.	UWFi		Tokyo, Japan	Jingu Stadium	46,168		Nobuhiko Takada (c) vs. Super Vader for the UWFI World Heavyweight Championship	^[42]
5.	AJW	Super Woman Great War: Big Egg Wrestling Universe	Tokyo, Japan	Tokyo Dome	42,500		Akira Hokuto vs. Aja Kong in the V*TOP Woman Tournament final	^[43]
6.	FMW	FMW 4th Anniversary Show	Kawasaki, Japan	Kawasaki Stadium	41,000		Atsushi Onita vs. Terry Funk in a No Ropes Exploding Barbed Wire Timebomb Death match
7.	PWFG	Tokyo Dome Show	Tokyo, Japan	Tokyo Dome	40,800		Masakatsu Funaki vs. Maurice Smith	^[44]
8.	SWS / WWF	SuperWrestle	Tokyo, Japan	Tokyo Dome	40,000		Genichiro Tenryu vs. Hulk Hogan	^[45]
8.	MPW	(Day 2)	Sendai, Japan	Sendai West Park Open Space	40,000		Jinsei Shinzaki and Shinjitsu Nohashi vs. Yoshitsune and Rasse	^[46]
9.	MPW	(Day 1)	Sendai, Japan	Sendai West Park Open Space	37,500		Jinsei Shinzaki and Shinjitsu Nohashi vs. The Great Sasuke and Yoshitsune
10.	FMW	Summer Spectacular	Nishinomiya, Japan	Hankyu Nishinomiya Stadium	36,223		Atsushi Onita vs. Mr. Pogo in a No Ropes Barbed Wire Exploding Cage Deathmatch for the FMW Brass Knuckles Heavyweight Championship

United Kingdom

See also: Professional wrestling promotions in the United Kingdom. For most of the years of ITV's coverage of British Wrestling, the dominant promoter in the United Kingdom was the Joint Promotions cartel, which was originally modelled on the NWA and later amalgamated into a single company. Nonetheless, throughout this period, untelevised alternative promotions flourished with at least one significant competitor to Joint for live shows.

Initially the main rival was the former dominant promotion in the territory, Atholl Oakley's BWA. By the time of its demise, wrestler/promoter Paul Lincoln had established himself as a major promoter with shows featuring himself as headline heel. In 1958, when Bert Assirati was stripped of the British Heavyweight Championship, Lincoln formed the BWF alliance of promoters to support Assirati's claim, later recognising Shirley Crabtree as champion. Lincoln's BWF was eventually bought out into Joint in 1970.

Welsh promoter Orig Williams also used the BWF name, promoting from the late 1960s up until the early 2000s and then sporadically until his death in 2009. From 1982 to 1995, Williams had a Welsh language TV wrestling show "Reslo" on S4C. Brian Dixon, a referee for Williams, set up his own company Wrestling Enterprises of Birkenhead later renamed All Star Wrestling . An alliance with promoter and former top star Jackie Pallo failed to prevent Joint gaining a five-year extension on its TV wrestling monopoly from January 1982 to December 1986.

However, by the mid-1980s Dixon had won over many wrestlers and fans from Joint who were tired of the Big Daddy-orientated direction of Joint. Eventually this culminated in All Star gaining a TV show on satellite channel Screensport and later, a slice of ITV's coverage from 1987 until the end of ITV wrestling in 1988. By the end of this period, All Star had effectively replaced Joint (by now owned by Max Crabtree, brother of Shirley) as the dominant promotion in the UK.

Joint, renamed Ring Wrestling Stars in 1991, dwindled down before closing with Crabtree's retirement in 1995, All Star has continued to be the dominant non-import live promotion in the UK up to the present day. Its principal competitors since that time have been Scott Conway's TWA, John Freemantle's Premier Promotions, RBW and LDN Wrestling. Since the 1990s there have also been numerous American-style "New School" promotions.

Main Event(s)! class=unsortable

1.		Fear & Loathing IX	Glasgow, Scotland	The SSE Hydro	6,193		Joe Coffey vs. Kurt Angle	^[47]
2.			London, England	The SSE Arena Wembley	4,750		WALTER (c) vs. Tyler Bate for the PROGRESS World Championship	^[48]
3.		Fear & Loathing X	Glasgow, Scotland	The SSE Hydro	4,500		Joe Coffey (c-WHC) vs. BT Gunn (c-ZGC) in a Champion vs. Champion match for the ICW World Heavyweight Championship and ICW Zero G Championship
4.		RevPro 11th Anniversary Show	London, England	Copper Box Arena	4,072		Will Ospreay vs. Shingo Takagi
5.	bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	Tribute to the Troops	bgcolor=lightgrey	Preston, England	bgcolor=lightgrey	Harris Flights	4,000	bgcolor=lightgrey	Joey Hayes (c) vs. Carlito for the PCW Heavyweight Championship	bgcolor=lightgrey	^[49]
5.		Fear & Loathing VIII	Glasgow, Scotland	Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre		Drew Galloway (c) vs. Grado for the ICW World Heavyweight Championship	^[50]		4,000
6.		International Showdown	Coventry, England	Coventry Skydome	3,400		Christopher Daniels (c) vs. AJ Styles for the TNA X-Division Championship
7.		Strong Style Evolved UK (Day 2)	Manchester, England	Silver Blades Altrincham	3,000		Tomohiro Ishii (c) vs. Minoru Suzuki for the RevPro Undisputed British Heavyweight Championship
8.		Strong Style Evolved UK (Day 1)	Milton Keynes, England	Planet Ice Milton Keynes	2,546		Suzuki-gun (Minoru Suzuki and Zack Sabre Jr.) (c) vs. CHAOS (Kazuchika Okada and Tomohiro Ishii) for the RevPro Undisputed British Tag Team Championship	^[51]
9.		True Legacy	Manchester, England	Silver Blades Altrincham	2,500+^[52]		Kurt Angle vs. Cody Rhodes	^[53]
10.			London, England	O2 Academy Brixton	2,400		Marty Scurll (c) vs. Mark Haskins vs. Tommy End in a Three-Way Dance for the PROGRESS World Championship	^[54]

Attendance records

Note: Minimum attendance of 5,000.

Light Grey indicates event was a free show and/or held at a major public gathering.

Promotion	Event	Location	Venue	Attendance	class=unsortable	Main Event(s)	class=unsortable
bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	WRKO's Taste of the Boss	bgcolor=lightgrey	Boston, Massachusetts	bgcolor=lightgrey	Boston City Hall Plaza	bgcolor=lightgrey	35,000	bgcolor=lightgrey	5-0 (Trooper Gilmore and Corporal Johnson) vs. Victor Rivera and Jay Kobain	bgcolor=lightgrey
bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	Alouettes Mania I	bgcolor=lightgrey	Montreal, Quebec	bgcolor=lightgrey	Stade Percival-Molson	bgcolor=lightgrey	20,000	bgcolor=lightgrey	Jacques Rougeau vs. King Kong Bundy	bgcolor=lightgrey
bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	Alouettes Mania III	bgcolor=lightgrey	Montreal, Quebec	bgcolor=lightgrey	Stade Percival-Molson	bgcolor=lightgrey	20,000^[55]	bgcolor=lightgrey	Jacques Rougeau vs. Kamala	bgcolor=lightgrey
bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	Alouettes Mania IV	bgcolor=lightgrey	Montreal, Quebec	bgcolor=lightgrey	Stade Percival-Molson	bgcolor=lightgrey	20,000^[56]	bgcolor=lightgrey	Jim Duggan vs. Kurrgan with special referee Jacques Rougeau	bgcolor=lightgrey
bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	Warped Tour 2002	bgcolor=lightgrey	Pontiac, Michigan	bgcolor=lightgrey	Pontiac Silverdome	bgcolor=lightgrey	19,000	bgcolor=lightgrey	Deranged vs. Tommy Starr in a UV Light Tube Death match	bgcolor=lightgrey	^[57]
bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	BELIEVE 156	bgcolor=lightgrey	Orlando, Florida	bgcolor=lightgrey	Central Florida Fairgrounds	bgcolor=lightgrey	15,000	bgcolor=lightgrey	Aaron Epic (c) vs. Andrew Merlin for the SCW Florida Heavyweight Championship	bgcolor=lightgrey
bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	Cement Belt Fair	bgcolor=lightgrey	Cementon, Pennsylvania	bgcolor=lightgrey	Cementon Fairgrounds	bgcolor=lightgrey	12,500	bgcolor=lightgrey	Heidi Lee Morgan vs. Baby Face Nellie	bgcolor=lightgrey
bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	OC Fair: Flower Power (Day 2)	bgcolor=lightgrey	Costa Mesa, California	bgcolor=lightgrey	Washington Mutual Arena	bgcolor=lightgrey	12,000	bgcolor=lightgrey	El Hijo del Santo, Lil Cholo and Silver Tyger vs. Infernal, Super Kendo 2 and Super Parka	bgcolor=lightgrey
	All In	Hoffman Estates, Illinois	Sears Centre Arena	11,263	The Golden Elite (Kota Ibushi, Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson) vs. Bandido, Rey Fénix and Rey Mysterio in a six-man tag team match
		San Nicolas, Aruba	Joe Laveist Ballpark	11,000		Scott Steiner vs. Billy Gunn for the Aruba Wrestling Bash Championship
	WWNLive in China (Day 4)	Beijing, China	Cadillac Arena	10,500		Ricochet (c) vs. Johnny Gargano for the Open the Freedom Gate Championship
bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	OC Fair: Flower Power (Day 1)	bgcolor=lightgrey	Costa Mesa, California	bgcolor=lightgrey	Washington Mutual Arena	bgcolor=lightgrey	10,000	bgcolor=lightgrey	El Hijo del Santo, Lil Cholo and Silver Tyger vs. Infernal, Super Kendo 2 and Super Parka	bgcolor=lightgrey
		San Nicolas, Aruba	Joe Laveist Ballpark	9,000		Scott Steiner vs. Kevin Nash
bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	BaseBrawl	bgcolor=lightgrey	Columbus, Ohio	bgcolor=lightgrey	Cooper Stadium	bgcolor=lightgrey	8,757^[58]	bgcolor=lightgrey	Rory Fox (c) vs. Shark Boy for the HWA Cruiserweight Championship	bgcolor=lightgrey	^[59]
	Memphis Memories	Memphis, Tennessee	Mid-South Coliseum	8,377	Jerry Lawler vs. Austin Idol vs. Brian Christopher vs. Doug Gilbert vs. Eddie Gilbert vs. Jimmy Valiant vs. Koko B. Ware vs. Moondog Spot vs. Terry Funk vs. Tommy Rich in a 10-man elimination match	^[60]
bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	Sportsfest	bgcolor=lightgrey	Allentown, Pennsylvania	bgcolor=lightgrey	Cedar Beach Park	bgcolor=lightgrey	8,000	bgcolor=lightgrey	The Love Connection (Jay Love and Georgie Love) vs. D'Lo Brown and Owen Hart	bgcolor=lightgrey
	USWA vs. WWF	Memphis, Tennessee	Mid-South Coliseum	7,500	Bret Hart (c) vs. Jerry Lawler in a Steel Cage match for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship	^[61]
	LuchaMania USA Tour	Los Angeles, California	Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena	7,000	Blue Demon Jr., Cien Caras Jr. and Dr. Wagner Jr. vs. El Hijo del Santo, L.A. Par-K and Rayo de Jalisco Jr. in a six-man tag team match
	Ric Flair's Last Match	Nashville, Tennessee	Nashville Municipal Auditorium	6,800	Ric Flair and Andrade El Idolo vs. Jay Lethal and Jeff Jarrett
	FMW vs. WWA	Los Angeles, California	Cal State-Los Angeles Gym	6,250	Atsushi Onita, Tarzan Goto and El Hijo del Santo vs. Negro Casas, Horace Boulder and Tim Patterson in a Best 2-out-of-3 Falls Street Fight match	^[62]
bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	Big Butler Fair	bgcolor=lightgrey	Prospect, Pennsylvania	bgcolor=lightgrey	Big Butler Fairgrounds	bgcolor=lightgrey	6,000	bgcolor=lightgrey	Dusty Rhodes vs. Jerry Lawler	bgcolor=lightgrey
	World Wrestling Peace Festival	Los Angeles, California	Los Angeles Sports Arena	5,964	Antonio Inoki and Dan Severn vs. Yoshiaki Fujiwara and Oleg Taktarov	^[63]
	November to Remember	New Orleans, Louisiana	Lakefront Arena	5,800	The Triple Threat (Shane Douglas, Bam Bam Bigelow and Chris Candido) vs. New Triple Threat (Sabu, Rob Van Dam and Taz)	^[64]
	Bloodymania	Cave-In-Rock, Illinois	Hatchet Landings	5,800		Sabu and The Insane Clown Posse (Shaggy 2 Dope and Violent J) vs. Trent Acid and The Young Altar Boys (Young Altar Boy #1 and Young Altar Boy #4)
	Pierre Carl Ouellet vs. Kurrgan	Montreal, Quebec	Centre Bell	5,500+^[65]	Pierre Carl Ouellet vs. Kurrgan with special referee Sid Vicious
	Pride	Inglewood, California	Great Western Forum	5,500		Blue Demon Jr., El Hijo del Santo, Mil Mascaras and Tinieblas vs. Dr. Wagner Jr., Scorpio Jr. and Los Guerreros del Infierno (Rey Bucanero and Ultimo Guerrero)
	Funk Free for All	Amarillo, Texas	Amarillo Civic Center	5,500	Terry Funk vs. Eddie Gilbert in a Texas Death match	^[66]
bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	Cleveland County Fair	bgcolor=lightgrey	Shelby, North Carolina	bgcolor=lightgrey	Cleveland County Fairgrounds	bgcolor=lightgrey	5,200	bgcolor=lightgrey	9-man battle royal	bgcolor=lightgrey
	Christmas Chaos	Louisville, Kentucky	Louisville Gardens	5,010		Leviathan vs. Kane	^[67]
	Challenge for the Championship	Memphis, Tennessee	Mid-South Coliseum	5,000	20-man tournament for the vacant USWA World Heavyweight Championship	^[68]
	Night of Legends	Knoxville, Tennessee	Knoxville Civic Coliseum	5,000	Bob Armstrong, Tracy Smothers and Road Warrior Hawk vs. Bruiser Bedlam and The Funk Brothers (Dory Funk Jr. and Terry Funk)	^[69] ^[70]
	Superbowl of Wrestling	Knoxville, Tennessee	Knoxville Civic Coliseum	5,000	Shawn Michaels vs. Buddy Landel for the WWF Intercontinental Championship	^[71] ^[72]
bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	Lake County Fair	bgcolor=lightgrey	Painesville, Ohio	bgcolor=lightgrey	Lake County Fairgrounds	bgcolor=lightgrey	5,000	bgcolor=lightgrey	Julio Dinero vs. Dick Trimmins	bgcolor=lightgrey
bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	Sportsfest	bgcolor=lightgrey	Allentown, Pennsylvania	bgcolor=lightgrey	Cedar Beach Park	bgcolor=lightgrey	5,000	bgcolor=lightgrey	Rapid Fire Maldonado (c) vs. Mana the Polynesian Warrior for the WXW Heavyweight Championship	bgcolor=lightgrey
	Throwback Night II	Memphis, Tennessee	Mid-South Coliseum	5,000	Terry Funk and Corey Maclin vs. Jerry Lawler and Jimmy Hart with special referee Jimmy Valiant
bgcolor=lightgrey		bgcolor=lightgrey	DukesFest 2007	bgcolor=lightgrey	Nashville, Tennessee	bgcolor=lightgrey	Music City Motorplex	bgcolor=lightgrey	5,000	bgcolor=lightgrey	Iron Cross, Bobby Houston and Jerry Lawler vs. Stan Lee, Eddie Golden and K.C. Thunder	bgcolor=lightgrey

Historical

Main Event(s)! class=unsortable

1.	Sportsfest	Allentown, Pennsylvania	Cedar Beach Park	8,000	The Love Connection (Jay Love and Georgie Love) vs. D'Lo Brown and Owen Hart
2.	FMW vs. WWA	Los Angeles, California	California State University	6,250	Atsushi Onita, Tarzan Goto and El Hijo del Santo vs. Negro Casas, Horace Boulder and Tim Patterson in a Best 2-out-of-3 Falls Street Fight match
3.	Anarchy Rulz	Villa Park, Illinois	Odeum Expo Center	6,000	Rob Van Dam (c) vs. Balls Mahoney for the ECW World Television Championship	^[73] ^[74]
4.	World Wrestling Peace Festival	Los Angeles, California	Los Angeles Sports Arena	5,964	Antonio Inoki and Dan Severn vs. Yoshiaki Fujiwara and Oleg Taktarov
5.	November to Remember	New Orleans, Louisiana	Lakefront Arena	5,800	The Triple Threat (Shane Douglas, Bam Bam Bigelow and Chris Candido) vs. New Triple Threat (Sabu, Rob Van Dam and Taz)
6.	Funk Free for All	Amarillo, Texas	Amarillo Civic Center	5,500	Terry Funk vs. Eddie Gilbert in a Texas Death match
7.		Shelby, North Carolina	9-Man Battle Royal	5,200	9-man battle royal	^[75]
8.	Night of Legends	Knoxville, Tennessee	Knoxville Civic Coliseum	5,000	Bob Armstrong, Tracy Smothers and Road Warrior Hawk vs. Bruiser Bedlam and The Funk Brothers (Dory Funk Jr. and Terry Funk)
8.	Superbowl of Wrestling	Knoxville, Tennessee	Knoxville Civic Coliseum	5,000	Shawn Michaels vs. Buddy Landel for the WWF Intercontinental Championship
9.	November to Remember	Monaca, Pennsylvania	Golden Dome	4,634	Bam Bam Bigelow (c) vs. Shane Douglas for the ECW World Heavyweight Championship	^[76] ^[77]
10.	Pro Wrestlemania II	Charlotte, North Carolina	Charlotte Coliseum	4,500	George South and Italian Stallion vs. Austin Steele and Black Scorpion

Main Event(s)! class=unsortable

1.	Clash of the Legends	Memphis, Tennessee	FedEx Forum	6,000?	Hulk Hogan vs. Paul Wight
2.	Heat Wave	Los Angeles, California	Grand Olympic Auditorium	5,700	Justin Credible (c) vs. Tommy Dreamer in a Stairway to Hell match for the ECW World Heavyweight Championship
3.	NWA New Jersey vs. NWA Pro	Newark, New Jersey	JFK Recreation Center	5,500	Apollo (c) vs. Dimitrios Papadon for the NWA North American Heavyweight Championship
4.	NEPW at the Lake County Fairgrounds	Painesville, Ohio	Lake County Fairgrounds	5,000	Julio Dinero vs. Dick Trimmins
	Sportsfest	Allentown, Pennsylvania	Cedar Beach Park		Rapid Fire Maldonado (c) vs. Mana the Polynesian Warrior for the WXW Heavyweight Championship
	Throwback Night II	Memphis, Tennessee	Mid-South Coliseum		Terry Funk and Corey Maclin vs. Jerry Lawler and Jimmy Hart with Jimmy Valiant as special referee	^[78]
	Dukes of Hazzard Festival	Nashville, Tennessee	Music City Motorplex		Iron Cross, Bobby Houston and Jerry Lawler vs. Stan Lee, Eddie Golden and K.C. Thunder
5.	Guilty as Charged	Birmingham, Alabama	Boutwell Memorial Auditorium	4,700	Mike Awesome vs. Spike Dudley for the ECW World Heavyweight Championship
5.	Clash of the Legends	Memphis, Tennessee	Mid-South Coliseum	4,700	Jerry Lawler vs. Lord Humongous with Lance Russell as special referee
6.	Anarchy Rulz	Saint Paul, Minnesota	Roy Wilkins Auditorium	4,600	Justin Credible (c) vs. Jerry Lynn for the ECW World Heavyweight Championship
6.	November to Remember	Villa Park, Illinois	Odeum Expo Center	4,600	Jerry Lynn (c) vs. Steve Corino vs. Justin Credible vs. The Sandman and in a Double Jeopardy match for the ECW World Heavyweight Championship
7.	Throwback Night	Memphis, Tennessee	Mid-South Coliseum	3,758	Jerry Lawler and Jimmy Hart vs. Corey Maclin and Kamala	^[79]
8.	ECW on TNN	Buffalo, New York	Flickinger Center	3,700	Super Crazy (c) vs. Yoshihiro Tajiri and Little Guido in a 3-Way Dance match for the ECW World Television Championship	^[80]
9.	ECW on TNN	Villa Park, Illinois	Odeum Sports & Expo Center	3,500	Justin Credible (c) vs. The Sandman for the ECW World Heavyweight Championship
9.		Memphis, Tennessee	Mid-South Coliseum	3,500	Jerry Lawler and The Rock 'n' Roll Express (Ricky Morton and Robert Gibson) vs. Corey Maclin, Stan Lane and Jackie Fargo	^[81]
10.	Hardcore Heaven	Milwaukee, Wisconsin	The Rave	3,400	Justin Credible (c) vs. Lance Storm and Tommy Dreamer in a 3-Way Dance match for the ECW World Heavyweight Championship	^[82]

Main Event(s)! class=unsortable

1.	All In	Hoffman Estates, Illinois	Sears Centre Arena	11,263	The Golden Elite (Kota Ibushi, Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson) vs. Bandido, Rey Fénix and Rey Mysterio in a six-man tag team match
2.	Luchamania USA	Los Angeles, California	Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena	7,000	Blue Demon Jr., Cien Caras Jr. and Dr. Wagner Jr. vs. El Hijo del Santo, L.A. Par-K and Rayo de Jalisco Jr. in a six-man tag team match
3.	Take Me Home Charity Show	Detroit, Michigan	Detroit Masonic Temple	4,500	2 Tuff Tony (c) vs. The Weedman for the JCW Heavyweight Championship
4.	Hatchet Attacks	Southgate, Michigan	The Modern Exchange	4,311	Corporal Robinson (c) vs. Ian Rotten in a Barbed Wire, Tables, Ladders & Glass match for the JCW Heavyweight Championship	^[83]
5.	WrestleCade 5: The Final 3 Count	Winston-Salem, North Carolina	Benton Convention Center	4,000	Matt Hardy (c) vs. Ryback for the WrestleCade Championship	^[84]
6.	Six Flags Slam Fest	Jackson, New Jersey	Six Flags Great Adventure Theme Park	3,700	Jon Moxley vs. Caz XL	^[85]
7.	Brawl at the Bush II	Brantford, Ontario	Brantford Civic Center	3,600	Haven, Lanny Poffo, Brutus Beefcake and Bushwhacker Luke vs. Big Daddy Hammer, Virgil and The Nasty Boys (Brian Knobbs and Jerry Sags) in a Survivor Series elimination match
8.		Chicago, Illinois	Congress Theatre	3,500	Blue Demon Jr., Imágen Nocturna and Piloto Suicida vs. L.A. Par-K, El Hijo del Santo and Rayo de Jalisco Jr.	^[86]
	Austin Warfare	Austin, Texas	Austin Music Hall		Cage, Prince Puma and Rey Mysterio Jr. vs. Jack Evans, Johnny Mundo and PJ Black
	Supercard of Honor XI	Lakeland, Florida	Lakeland Center		Christopher Daniels (c) vs. Dalton Castle for the ROH World Championship
9.	Wrestling under the Stars (Day 1)	Wappingers Falls, New York	Dutchess Stadium	3,341	Rey Mysterio Jr. and Alberto El Patrón vs. The Young Bucks (Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson)
10.	Wrestlefest	Waterbury, Connecticut	Crosby High School	3,300	Kurt Angle vs. Cody Rhodes in a Steel Cage match

References

General

Web site: Indies. ProWrestlingHistory.com.
Web site: The History of Wrestling at the Mid-South Coliseum. ProWrestlingHistory.com .
Web site: The Complete History of Smoky Mountain Wrestling . ProWrestlingHistory.com .

Specific

External links

IndyProWrestling.com
Independent Wrestling TV
Web site: Pro Wrestling Basics: What is Indy/Indie Wrestling? . Quackenbush . Mike . Mike Quackenbush . August 31, 2020 . . Til We Make It .
Web site: The Bottom Rope: Inside the world of independent wrestling . Monday . Michael . November 17, 2017 . . .
Web site: How Indie Wrestling Is Different From WWE (& How It's The Same) . Sharma . Ishaan . July 7, 2021 . TheSportster.com .
Web site: The Problem with "Indie Wrestling" (hint: it's not the wrestling) . Mathewson . Dan . August 26, 2019 . ProWrestlingStudies.org .

Notes and References

Web site: Castle . Michael . Entertainment, Value and WRESTLING: Why Independent Wrestling Promotions Matter . Bleacher Report . July 15, 2011.
Web site: The History of Independent Wrestling . Farmer . Matt . December 23, 2015 . TheIndyCorner.com . https://web.archive.org/web/20210612212653/http://www.theindycorner.com/columns/the-history-of-independent-wrestling/ . June 12, 2021.
Web site: Vince McMahon has transformed pro wrestling from a - 03.25.91 - SI Vault . 2013-08-06 . 2014-04-07 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140407093053/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1119010/3/index.htm . dead .
Web site: MAR. 7 IN HISTORY: Lawler headlines "Memphis Memories" card 20 years ago also featuring Funk, Idol, Koko, more . . March 7, 2014 . PWTorch.com . .
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . July 20, 1992 . Vader makes title history, title belt lawsuit, Bash 92, real names . . Campbell, California . Anyway, what this means is we've been underestimating the crowds of the Lucha Libre shows and that the original 5/16 show really did draw 6,250 (tickets were $20, $15 and $10 for that show and more freebies so the house was probably well under six figures but probably still in excess of $70,000)..
Alvarez . Bryan . Bryan Alvarez . June 17, 1996 . Brian Pillman future after Humvee accident, Ilio DiPaolo bio, WCW and WWF big gates over the weekend, tons more . . Campbell, California . Actual attendance at the World Wrestling Peace Festival was 5,964. I incorrectly misinterpreted the number of comps as being about 1,500 less than it actually was, although in no way did it look like there were anywhere close to 6,000 in the building but that is a legit figure..
Web site: Yearly Results: 1998 . Cawthon . Graham . TheHistoryOfWWE.com .
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . November 8, 1993 . Oro dies in the ring, Sid Vicious vs. Arn Anderson stabbing incident . . Campbell, California . 7,200 tickets were given away, enough to fill the Civic Center. About 5,500 showed up, a surprising amount of whom were certainly old enough to remember the weekly Thursday night cards from the 60s and 70s, and many of whom were kids who came largely to see the Big Bossman of WWF television fame..
This was part of a halftime show for a CFL game between the Montreal Alouettes vs. Calgary Stampeders.
This was part of a halftime show for a CFL game between the Montreal Alouettes vs. Edmonton Eskimos.
There are different reports on the attendance of the event with numbers ranging from 5,500 to as high as 10,000 and 12,000.
Web site: Rougeau mega-show covers the bases . Benner . Eric . December 30, 2000 . . SLAM! Wrestling . https://web.archive.org/web/20160414034952/http://slam.canoe.com/SlamWrestlingTheTruth/dec30_rou-can.html . April 14, 2016 .
Web site: Ouelett & Rougeau: Stronger together . Oliver . Greg . January 5, 2001 . . SLAM! Wrestling . https://web.archive.org/web/20010408201637/http://www.canoe.com/SlamWrestlingBiosO/ouelett_05jan01.html . April 8, 2001.
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . July 24, 1995 . Bash 1995 and AAA at the LA Sports Arena, Shamrock vs. Severn pro-wrestler shoot fight results, tons more . . Campbell, California . Jacques Rougeau Jr. ran his first show on 7/15 in Verdun, QUE drawing what was reported in the newspapers as 3,500 fans but there is no way of knowing a real figure. The highlight of the show was Abdullah the Butcher's main event win over Richard Charland..
Web site: Giants battle on Rougeau Christmas shows . Leroux . Yves . January 1, 2010 . SlamWrestling.net .
Web site: Garvins topple Rougeaus for belts . Oliver . Greg . December 30, 1999 . . SLAM! Wrestling . https://web.archive.org/web/20021117012724/http://www.canoe.com/SlamWrestlingArchive/dec30_garvins.html . November 17, 2002.
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . January 10, 2000 . NJPW Tokyo Dome reviewed, 1999 in revenue for promotions, more . . Campbell, California . Jacques Rougeau's 12/29 show in Montreal drew about 2,600 fans in the 3,000-seat Pierre Charboneau Center, his biggest crowd to date. In the main event, Ron & Jimmy Garvin won the Johnny Rougeau tag team titles from Jacques & Raymond Rougeau..
Web site: Indie show thrills Quebec crowd . Benner . Eric . February 15, 1999 . . SLAM! Wrestling . https://web.archive.org/web/20050210193356/http://www.canoe.com/SlamWrestlingArchive/feb15_benner.html . February 10, 2005.
Web site: Rougeau puts heart into promoting . Benner . Eric . February 19, 1999 . . SLAM! Wrestling . https://web.archive.org/web/20050131015220/http://www.canoe.com/SlamWrestlingTheTruth/99feb19.html . January 31, 2005.
News: Pearson . Craig . July 12, 2001 . Wrestlefest 2001; Border City Club's Bout Will Leave Someone Singing The Blues . 45 . . We'll find out when the BCW finale explodes on the Civic Terrace from 2 to 4:15 p.m., once again part of the annual Bluesfest in the biggest local wrestling show of the year. Two years ago, the BCW's riverfront spectacle drew 1,600 people, while last year it attracted 2,200 - one of the biggest draws for independent pro wrestling in Canada..
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . March 8, 1993 . Superbrawl, Ross done with WCW, two major lawsuits, tons more . . Campbell, California . Junkyard Dog, Don Muraco, Jushin Liger, Joe & Dean Malenko, Chris Benoit, Jake Roberts and Jim Neidhart are in the midst of headlining an Australian tour. First night in Brisbane on 2/25 drew 2,200 and 2/26 in Melbourne drew about 4,000. Must be interesting because they are using Liger vs. Benoit, who have no name identity in Australia, as the semifinal, and Neidhart vs. Roberts on top. Can you imagine Roberts and Neidhart having to follow those two?.
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . June 28, 1993 . Trying to fix WCW, Hogan about to leave WWF after King of the Ring . . Campbell, California . 6/18 Sydney, Australia (AWF - 3,500): [...] Road Warrior Hawk b Demolition Smash.
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . July 5, 1993 . More WCW idiocy, Hogan leaves WWF, Roddy Piper returns, more . . Campbell, California . 6/24 Melbourne, Australia (AWF - 3,500): [...] Big Bossman b Nailz.
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . August 2, 1999 . Vince McMahon comments on Bret Hart, WWF Fully Loaded review, more . . Campbell, California . 7/17 Melbourne, Australia (High Risk Championship Wrestling - 3,500): [...] Nailz DDQ Primo Carnera III.
There are different reports on the attendance of the event with numbers ranging from 2,500 to 3,000.
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . June 28, 1993 . Trying to fix WCW, Hogan about to leave WWF after King of the Ring . . Campbell, California . 6/26 Adelaide, Australia (AWF - 1,450): [...] Big Bossman b Nailz **1/2.
There are different reports on the attendance of the event with numbers ranging from 1,200 to 2,000.
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . March 15, 1993 . Japan Super Show, Hogan, Flair and Brutus return, ratings, more . . Campbell, California . 3/2 Adelaide, Australia (AWF - 1,000): [...] Jake Roberts b Jim Neidhart *.
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . August 2, 1999 . Vince McMahon comments on Bret Hart, WWF Fully Loaded review, more . . Campbell, California . 7/23 Adelaide, Australia (High Risk Championship Wrestling - 1,000): [...] High Risk Warrior b Nailz, Pit Bulls b DOA-DQ.
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . February 16, 2015 . Possible WrestleMania main event changes, Genichiro Tenryu retires, more UFC drug testing woes, future of NXT, CMLL at a crossroads, and more . . Campbell, California . After the return of L.A. Park, Dr. Wagner Jr. and Fuerza Guerrera to Arena Mexico on 2/8 drew more than 15,000, more than five times the normal Sunday crowd [...] An outside promotion, All Elite, booked Arena Mexico using those three stars, and drew the biggest crowd in the arena since the Anniversary show..
There are different reports on the attendance of the event with numbers ranging from 10,500 to 11,000.
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . July 14, 2008 . Forrest beats Quinton, rule changes UFC ignores, Ring of Hell . . Campbell, California . On 7/5 at Arena Monterrey, they drew 10,500 fans for an elimination match where the loser would get unmasked with Mistico, Ultimo Guerrero, Villano V, Atlantis, Blue Panther and Tigre Universitario.
There are different reports on the attendance of the event with numbers ranging from 10,000 to 13,000.
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . June 7, 2010 . UFC 114 in-depth, major change could affect TV, WWE injuries, NXT bios . . Campbell, California . Ultimo Dragon’s annual DragonMania show took place on 5/29 at Arena Mexico, a TV taping for Japan. The show drew more than 10,000 fans, although tickets were cheap and a lot of people got in free. [...] The main event was the babyface legendary quartet of Mil Mascaras (who turns 71 in July) & Tatsumi Fujinami (56) & Ultimo Dragon (43) & Brazo de Plata (47) beating Chuck Palumbo (in Mexico for one match) & Rey Bucanero & Atlantis & Arkangel de la Muerte..
Event is described as "heavily papered".
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . June 6, 2016 . More details on WWE brand split, Jimmy Snuka found incompetent, more . . Campbell, California . This was his annual DragonMania show taped for later broadcast on Japanese television. They heavily papered the show and had more than 10,000 fans attending with All Japan’s Jun Akiyama and Yohei Nakajima being the major guests. [...] The main event was scheduled as Dragon & Octagon & Caristico over Fuerza Guerrera & Tiger Ali & Ultimo Guerrero via DQ for interference of Bucanero, and then Corleone made the save. They restarted as Dragon & Octagon & Caristico & Corleone beating Guerrera & Mephisto & Bucanero & Ali after U.K. wrestlers Saime Sahin and Jason LaRusso also interfered..
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . August 21, 2017 . Ric Flair in critical condition in the hospital, G1 Climax finals, more . . Campbell, California . The Crash ran its most successful event to date on 8/10 at the 11,000-seat Domo in San Luis Potosi, drawing 9,000 fans, the biggest crowd in company history, notable because it was a Thursday night show with no local television. They used Rey Mysterio Jr. & Blue Demon Jr. & Rey Fenix over La Mascara & M-ximo & Rey Escorpion in the main event.
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . Alvarez . Bryan . Bryan Alvarez . August 5, 1996 . Major changes to WWF syndication, Herb Abrams dies, Kobashi wins Triple Crown for the first time, more . . Campbell, California . Several of the groups this past week have run free shows as part of fireworks festivals or country fair type of events. The biggest was Tokyo Pro's show on 7/23 at Atami Sun Beach which was reported as being viewed by more than 65,000 fans..
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . May 15, 1995 . WCW taping policy update, real-life pro-wrestling shoot fight booked for UFC, an early "too many shows" story, tons more . . Campbell, California . Onita's much-ballyhooed final match on 5/5 at Kawasaki Baseball Stadium drew a sellout of approximately 50,000 fans (announced at 58,250) which would be a gate in the $2.5 million range and tons more in merchandise.
Web site: THIS DAY IN HISTORY: THE FINAL WWF SHOW, FMW ANNIVERSARY, A WWE STAR DEBUTS THAT WE STILL HAVEN'T SEEN WRESTLE ON TV AND MORE . Woodward . Buck . May 5, 2007 . PWInsider.com .
Web site: Japanese Wrestling's Bomb-Loving Cult Hero Is Coming To New Jersey . Bixenspan . David . August 3, 2017 . .
Web site: The Final Fall of the UW . Rohan . Jim . October 5, 2018 . CagesideSeats.com .
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . November 28, 1994 . Akira Hokuto and Big Egg Wrestling Universe, first Clash post-Flair retirement, ECW vs. NWA war, tons more! . . Campbell, California . The figures were more than just record-breaking, they were astounding. It was more than just the 42,500 fans, which more than doubled the all-time record for a woman's wrestling show that held up for 53 years (19,000 fans for a match between Mildred Burke and Elvira Snodgrass in 1941 in Louisville)..
Book: Wall, Jeremy . 2005 . UFC's Ultimate Warriors: The Top 10 . Toronto . ECW Press . 46 . 1550226916.
Web site: Yearly Results: 1991 . Cawthon . Graham . TheHistoryOfWWE.com .
Web site: Michinoku Pro-Wrestling Results: 2006 . . Purolove.com .
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . November 28, 2016 . WWE Survivor Series review, Goldbergagrees to more matches, more . . Campbell, California . Insane Championship Wrestling of Glasgow, Scotland ran the biggest show in its history, a card they had promoted for one year on 11/20 at the SSE Hydro in Glasgow. They drew 6,193 fans paid, a number probably hurt because WWE ran two television tapings in the same building, a Raw that sold out with 11,000 and a Smackdown that did 10,800, just two weeks earlier. It was the largest crowd for a U.K. based promotion since the Big Daddy vs. Giant Haystacks match at Wembley Arena in 1981. It was larger than any TNA crowd in the U.K. since 2012 (when they drew 7,000 at Wembley) and TNA has had weekly television in the market since 2007 while ICW has no television in the U.K. Last year they ran at the smaller SECC Arena and sold it out with just under 4,000..
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . October 8, 2018 . Massive UFC 229 expectations, plus tons of news . . Campbell, California . Progress Wrestling ran its biggest show in its history, “Hello Wembley,” on 9/30 at Wembley Arena, drawing 4,750 fans, the largest crowd for a U.K.-based promotion in England since the 1981 Big Daddy vs. Giant Haystacks match that drew 7,000 fans..
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . July 6, 2014 . SummerSlam card, fall WWE direction, Jericho's return notes, What will take for Rock to return next year, PEDs in MMA, wrestling, reality of drug testing, TNA in New York and explaining TNA/Japan deal . . Campbell, California . Preston City Wrestling in England ran an outdoor show on 6/28 as part of Armed Forces day as a Tribute to the Troops show. It was a free show that drew just under 4,000 fans. Both the Mayor of Preston and his wife attended and were in the front row. Carlito and Chris Masters were the Americans brought in as guest stars..
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . November 23, 2015 . Holm defeats Rousey, Nick Bockwinkel passes away, more . . Campbell, California . The Insane Championship Wrestling show on 11/15 at the SECC in Glasgow, Scotland, drew a sellout of 4,000 fans, which as noted, was the biggest crowd for a U.K. based promotion since 1982. ICW has been packing 1,500 seat buildings regularly, particularly after a BBC piece made a cult hero out of Grado..
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . July 9, 2018 . Death of Matt Cappotelli . . Campbell, California . The first show of the U.K. bouts with Revolution Pro was 6/30 in Milton Keynes, before a sellout of 2,546 fans. [...] Main event saw Minoru Suzuki & Zack Sabre Jr. beat Kazuchika Okada & Tomohiro Ishii to retain the British tag team titles..
There are different reports on the attendance of True Legacy with numbers ranging from 2,500 to 2,600.
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . October 17, 2016 . Goldberg returning to face Brock Lesnar, tons more . . Campbell, California . The WCPW show on 10/8 in Manchester, on the same night as the UFC show (although this ended long before UFC started) drew 2,500 for a show headlined by Kurt Angle vs. Cody Rhodes. The crowd was very hot for the short main event that ended with Angle winning via ankle lock..
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . October 3, 2016 . TNA at a crossroads, WWE Clash of Champions review, more . . Campbell, California . Progress Wrestling ran its biggest event to date on 9/25, drawing 2,400 fans to the Brixton Academy in London. We’re told this was the biggest crowd for a U.K. promotion in England since 1981..
This was part of a halftime show for a CFL game between the Montreal Alouettes vs. Calgary Stampeders.
This was part of a halftime show for a CFL game between the Montreal Alouettes vs. Edmonton Eskimos.
Web site: First Monday update: Notes on Raw and Smackdown re. Rock & HHH, entrance videos, two new PPVs, GHC jr. title defended in SF, Daniels in UK, Dusty, Juvi and more . Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . August 4, 2003 . LiveAudioWrestling.com . . https://web.archive.org/web/20030821165925/http://www.liveaudiowrestling.com/wo/news/headlines/default.asp?aID=8075 . August 21, 2003 .
This was part of a post-game show for an MLB game between the Columbus Clippers vs. Louisville Bats.
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . July 28, 2003 . Big week in Japanese wrestling, more . . Campbell, California . The HWA ran its annual show on 7/19 in conjunction with the Columbus Clippers minor league baseball team. The show drew 8,757, which is more than double the Clippers average (4,500) or the crowd drawn last year with several WWE wrestlers on the show (4,400)..
Web site: MAR. 7 IN HISTORY: Lawler headlines "Memphis Memories" card 20 years ago also featuring Funk, Idol, Koko, more . . March 7, 2014 . PWTorch.com . .
Web site: Yearly Results: 1996 . Cawthon . Graham . TheHistoryOfWWE.com .
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . July 20, 1992 . Vader makes title history, title belt lawsuit, Bash 92, real names . . Campbell, California . Anyway, what this means is we've been underestimating the crowds of the Lucha Libre shows and that the original 5/16 show really did draw 6,250 (tickets were $20, $15 and $10 for that show and more freebies so the house was probably well under six figures but probably still in excess of $70,000)..
Alvarez . Bryan . Bryan Alvarez . June 17, 1996 . Brian Pillman future after Humvee accident, Ilio DiPaolo bio, WCW and WWF big gates over the weekend, tons more . . Campbell, California . Actual attendance at the World Wrestling Peace Festival was 5,964. I incorrectly misinterpreted the number of comps as being about 1,500 less than it actually was, although in no way did it look like there were anywhere close to 6,000 in the building but that is a legit figure..
Web site: Yearly Results: 1998 . Cawthon . Graham . TheHistoryOfWWE.com .
There are different reports on the attendance of the event with numbers ranging from 5,500 to as high as 10,000 and 12,000.
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . November 8, 1993 . Oro dies in the ring, Sid Vicious vs. Arn Anderson stabbing incident . . Campbell, California . 7,200 tickets were given away, enough to fill the Civic Center. About 5,500 showed up, a surprising amount of whom were certainly old enough to remember the weekly Thursday night cards from the 60s and 70s, and many of whom were kids who came largely to see the Big Bossman of WWF television fame..
Web site: Christmas Chaos . Campbell . Jason . ProWrestlingHistory.com .
Web site: October 8, 1990 in Memphis, TN. The History of Wrestling at the Mid-South Coliseum. ProWrestlingHistory.
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . August 14, 1994 . New goofy WCW gimmicks, SMW all-time record, AAA return to LA disappoints, Mr. August wins G-1 again, tons more . . Campbell, California . Wrestling set its all-time attendance and gate record on 8/5 in Knoxville for the "Night of the Legends," drawing 5,000 fans and $40,000..
Web site: Night of Legends. The Complete History of Smoky Mountain Wrestling. January 25, 2020.
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . August 14, 1995 . Future of ECW and the Sunshine Network, controversial angle, revamped SummerSlam card, Collision in Korea, tons more . . Campbell, California . The live attendance for Jim Cornette's show was 4,600 paid and slightly in excess of 5,000 in the building, both of which would be new company records. The old record for the "Night of Legends" last August in the same building was 5,000 fans, but 4,400 paid. The gate was $37,500, just a tad shy of the $40,000 record set last year..
Alvarez . Bryan . Bryan Alvarez . January 22, 1996 . Results of the 1995 Observer Newsletter Awards, 1995 Record Book, tons more . . Campbell, California .
Web site: Yearly Results: 1999 . Cawthon . Graham . TheHistoryOfWWE.com .
Web site: This Day in Wrestling History (Sept. 19): Happy Birthday Renee Young! . Mac . Eddie . September 19, 2016 . .
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . October 12, 1992 . Hugely successful WWE tour, terrible ratings, Von Erich sentencing . . Campbell, California . 10/1 Shelby, NC (WWWOW - 5,200 fair grandstand show): [...] Van Dam won Battle Royal.
Web site: Yearly Results: 1997 . Cawthon . Graham . TheHistoryOfWWE.com .
Meltzer . Dave . Dave Meltzer . December 8, 1997 . nWo Nitro plans that never panned out, ECW November to Remember coverage, Big Daddy passes away, Frank Shamrock to UFC, and more . . Campbell, California . The November to Remember PPV, billed ahead of time as ECW's showcase event of the year, fell far short of the mark in that regard. As a promotion, it was the most successful by far in company history. For a group that has only drawn 2,000 fans on two occasions in its nearly five year history, it destroyed all existing company records with a sellout crowd of 4,634 (4,218 paying about $103,900, plus another $43,930 in merchandise which are phenomenal figures for a company of that size) at the Golden Dome in Monaca, PA on 11/30..
Web site: Throwback Night II . Campbell . Jason . ProWrestlingHistory.com .
Web site: Throwback Night . Campbell . Jason . ProWrestlingHistory.com .
Web site: Yearly Results: 2000 . Cawthon . Graham . TheHistoryOfWWE.com .
Web site: Throwback Night III . Campbell . Jason . ProWrestlingHistory.com .
Web site: Random Network Reviews: Hardcore Heaven 2000 . Pantoja . Kevin . February 15, 2016 . 411mania.com .
Web site: 3/26 JCW iPPV Results (Raven, Eugene, Conway) . Nemer . Paul . March 27, 2011 . Wrestleview.com . April 1, 2022 .
Web site: WrestleCade 2016 in Winston-Salem . Lea . Chris . November 26, 2016 . .
Web site: Jon Moxley, Mick Foley Rock Northeast Wrestling's Packed Six Flags Slam . Crowther IV . Rob . June 17, 2019 . ThePopBreak.com .
Web site: Llego su Majestad LA Park a Chicago . es . His Majesty LA Park has arrived in Chicago . . February 21, 2013 . TheGladiatores.com . April 2, 2022 . En Chicago el nombre de LA Park es garantía de poder y el pasado 17 de Febrero volvió a llenar el Teatro Congress el inmueble resulto insuficiente para un público que materialmente se volcó en la arena rompiendo el record de asistencia ya que cerca de 3500 personas se dieron cita para ver a su ídolo. . In Chicago the name of LA Park is a guarantee of power and last February 17 he once again filled the Congress Theater, the building was insufficient for an audience that materially poured into the arena, breaking the attendance record as about 3500 people gathered to see their idol..