Indigenous peoples of South America explained

Group:Indigenous peoples of South America
Pop:Approximately 18 million
Region1: Peru
Pop1:5.9 million (2017)
Ref1:[1]
Pop2:4.1 million (2012)
Ref2:[2]
Region3: Chile
Pop3:2.4 million (2017)
Ref3:[3]
Region4: Brazil
Pop4:1.7 million (2022)
Ref4:[4]
Region5: Colombia
Pop5:1.9 million (2018)
Ref5:[5]
Region6: Argentina
Pop6:1.3 million (2022)
Ref6:[6]
Region7: Ecuador
Pop7:1.3 million (2023)
Ref7:[7]
Pop8:724,592 (2011)
Ref8:[8]
Region9: Paraguay
Pop9:117,150 (2012)
Ref9:[9]
Region10: Guyana
Pop10:78,492 (2012)
Ref10:[10]
Region11: Uruguay
Pop11:76,452 (2021)
Ref11:[11]
Region12: Suriname
Pop12:20,344 (2012)
Ref12:[12]
Region13: French Guiana
Pop13:~19,000
Ref13:[13]
Languages:Indigenous languages of the Americas, Quechua, Aymara, Guarani, Mapuche
Religions:
Related:Indigenous people of the Americas

The Indigenous peoples of South America or South American Indigenous peoples, are the pre-Columbian peoples of South America and their descendants. These peoples contrast with South Americans of European ancestry and those of African descent.

In Spanish, Indigenous people are often referred to as indígenas or pueblos indígenas (lit. Indigenous peoples). They may also be called pueblos nativos or nativos (lit. Native peoples). The term aborigen (lit. aborigine) is used in Argentina and pueblos aborígenes (lit. aboriginal peoples) is commonly used in Colombia. The English term "Amerindian" (short for "Indians of the Americas") is often used in the Guianas. Latin Americans of mixed European and Indigenous descent are usually referred to as mestizos (Spanish) and mestiços (Portuguese), while those of mixed African and Indigenous ancestry are referred to as zambos.

It is believed that the first human populations of South America either arrived from Asia into North America via the Bering Land Bridge and migrated southwards or alternatively from Polynesia across the Pacific.[14] [15] [16] The earliest generally accepted archaeological evidence for human habitation in South America dates to 14,000 years ago, the Monte Verde site in Southern Chile.[17] The descendants of these first inhabitants would become the indigenous populations of South America.

Before the Spanish colonization of the Americas, many of the indigenous peoples of South America were hunter-gatherers and indeed many still are, especially in the Amazonian area. Others, especially the Andean cultures, practised sophisticated agriculture, utilized advanced irrigation and kept domesticated livestock, such as llamas and alpacas.[18] [19] [20]

In the present day, there is one South American country where indigenous peoples constitute the largest ethnic group. This is Bolivia, where 62% of people identify as feeling a part of some indigenous group.[21]

South American indigenous peoples include:

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico. 214 . 2021-04-30 . Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. es.
  2. Web site: Características de la Población – Censo 2012 . 103 . 2021-04-30. Instituto Nacional de Estadística. es.
  3. Web site: Síntesis de Resultados Censo 2017 . 16 . 2021-04-30 . Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas . es.
  4. Web site: Censo Demográfico 2022: Identificação étnico-racial da população, por sexo e idade. 2024-02-01. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. pt. 27 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231227080331/https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/periodicos/3105/cd_2022_etnico_racial.pdf#page=43. live.
  5. Web site: Población Indígena de Colombia . 2021-05-01 . Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística . es.
  6. Web site: Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2022: Población indígena o descendiente de pueblos indígenas u originarios. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INDEC). es. 2024-03-07.
  7. Web site: Presentación de Resultados Nacionales. 2023-10-30. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos. es. 31 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231031022341/https://www.censoecuador.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Presentacio%CC%81n_Nacional_1%C2%B0entrega-4.pdf#page=33. live.
  8. Web site: Resultados Población Indígena. Instituto Nacional de Estadística. 2021-05-01. es. 2018-11-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20181123112140/http://www.ine.gov.ve/documentos/Demografia/CensodePoblacionyVivienda/pdf/ResultadosBasicos.pdf#page=7. dead.
  9. Web site: Tierra y territorio, fundamentos de vida de los pueblos indígenas, 2012. 20 . 2021-04-30 . Dirección General de Estadística, Encuestas y Censos. es.
  10. Web site: Final 2012 Census Compendium 2. 5. Bureau of Statistics. 2021-05-02. 2021-01-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20210105002255/https://statisticsguyana.gov.gy/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Final_2012_Census_Compendium2.pdf#page=5. dead.
  11. Web site: Población por sexo y principal ascendencia étnico racial, según departamento. Instituto Nacional de Estadística. XLS. 2021-05-02. 19 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220119210956/https://www.ine.gub.uy/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=80122e2a-ce2e-490b-921a-618f74fd8141&groupId=10181. dead.
  12. Web site: Demografische en Sociale Karakteristieken en Migratie. 46. Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek. 2021-05-02. nl.
  13. Web site: Les populations indigènes de la Guyane française : une mémoire environnementale essentielle à protéger. Mathilde. Aupetit. fr. 2021-05-03.
  14. Web site: Study confirms Bering land bridge flooded later than previously believed. cyberwest.com. en. 2017-02-22.
  15. Gongora . J. . Rawlence . N. J. . Mobegi . V. A. . Jianlin . H. . Alcalde . J. A. . Matus . J. T. . Hanotte . O. . Moran . C. . Austin . J. J. . Ulm . S. . Anderson . A. J. . Larson . G. . Cooper . A. . Indo-European and Asian origins for Chilean and Pacific chickens revealed by mtDNA . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 105 . 30 . Jul 28, 2008 . 0027-8424 . 10.1073/pnas.0801991105 . 10308–10313 . 18663216 . 2492461 . 1. free .
  16. Web site: Journal of the Polynesian Society: Notes And Queries, P 255-258. www.jps.auckland.ac.nz. 2017-02-22. 2017-05-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20170520233112/http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document/?wid=1242. dead.
  17. Hey. Jody. 2005-05-24. On the Number of New World Founders: A Population Genetic Portrait of the Peopling of the Americas. PLOS Biology. 3. 6. e193. 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030193. 1545-7885. 1131883. 15898833 . free .
  18. Web site: The Character of Inca and Andean Agriculture. Earls. John. 22 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170517014832/http://macareo.pucp.edu.pe/~jearls/documentosPDF/theCharacter.PDF. 17 May 2017. dead.
  19. Web site: 4.1 Raised beds and waru waru cultivation. www.oas.org. 2017-02-22.
  20. Web site: AGRICULTURA DE LADERAS A TRAVÉS DE ANDENES, PERÚ . Pinedo . Javier Blossiers . https://web.archive.org/web/20101214103311/http://www.rlc.fao.org/es/tierra/pdf/capta/siste5.pdf . 14 December 2010 . bot: unknown . 22 February 2017.
  21. Web site: The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. en. 2017-02-24.

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