Imperatorin Explained

Imperatorin is a furocoumarin and a phytochemical that has been isolated from Urena lobata L. (Malvaceae), Angelica archangelica,[1] Angelica dahurica,[2] Glehnia littoralis,[3] Saposhnikovia divaricata,[4] Cnidium monnieri,[5] Incarvillea younghusbandii,[6] and Zanthoxylum americanum mill.[7] It is biosynthesized from umbelliferone, a coumarin derivative.[8]

Isolation

The procedure for the isolation of imperatorin from Urena lobata involves exhaustively extracting under reflux with benzene the air-dried and pulverised roots followed by separation by column chromatography.[9]

Biochemical activity

Imperatorin was identified from a Bioactive Molecules library in a high throughput screening experiment for inhibitors of the phosphodiesterase PDE4. It displays a significant preference for PDE4B over PDE4A.[10] Imperatorin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory activity in chondrocytes.[11] Imperatorin treatment inhibits the expression of iNOS and suppresses the production of NO in osteoarthritic chondrocytes.[11]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Sigurdsson S, Ogmundsdottir HM, Gudbjarnason S . July–August 2004 . Antiproliferative effect of Angelica archangelica fruits. . Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C . 59 . 4th . 7–8 . 523–527 . 15813373 . 10.1515/znc-2004-7-813. 20991241 . free.
  2. Xie Y, Zhao W, Zhou T, Fan G, Wu Y . September–October 2010 . An efficient strategy based on MAE, HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and 2D-prep-HPLC-DAD for the rapid extraction, separation, identification and purification of five active coumarin components from Radix Angelicae Dahuricae . Phytochemical Analysis . 21 . 5 . 473–82 . 20931624 . 10.1002/pca.1222.
  3. Liu M, Shi X, Yang W, Liu S, Wang N, Shi R, Qiao S, Wang Q, Wang Y . Quantitative analysis of nine coumarins in rat urine and bile after oral administration of Radix Glehniae extract by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry . Biomed. Chromatogr. . 25 . 7 . 783–793 . July 2011 . 20878664 . 10.1002/bmc.1517.
  4. Zhao B, Yang X, Yang X, Zhang L . June 2010 . Chemical constituents of roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata . Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi . 35 . 2nd . 12 . 1569–72 . 20815209 . zh. Chemical constituents of roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata . 10.4268/cjcmm20101214.
  5. Shin . Eunjin . Lee, Chul . Sung, Sang Hyun . Kim, Young Choong . Hwang, Bang Yeon . Lee, Mi Kyeong . 2010-11-17 . Antifibrotic activity of coumarins from Cnidium monnieri fruits in HSC-T6 hepatic stellate cells . Journal of Natural Medicines . 65. 21082271 . 10.1007/s11418-010-0485-7 . 2 . 370–374. 21188255.
  6. Fu Y, Bai Y, Dawa Z, Bai B, Ding L . January 2010 . Chemical constituents of Incarvillea younghusbandii . Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi . 35 . 2nd . 1 . 20349717 . Chemical constituents of Incarvillea younghusbandii . 58–62. 10.4268/cjcmm20100112.
  7. Bafi-Yeboa NF, Arnason JT, Baker J, Smith ML . May 2005 . Antifungal constituents of northern prickly ash, Zanthoxylum americanum mill . Phytomedicine . 12 . 5 . 15957372 . 370–377 . 10.1016/j.phymed.2003.12.005.
  8. F. M. Dean Naturally Occurring Oxygen Ring Compounds, Butterworths, London, 1963.
  9. Web site: A furocoumarin, Imperatorin isolated from Urena lobata L. (Malvaceae) . Keshab Ghosh . 2004 . M382 . Molecular Diversity Preservation International . dead . 2005-04-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20050406031843/http://www.mdpi.net/molbank/molbank2004/m0382.htm.
  10. Ivey FD, Wang L, Demirbas D, Allain C, Hoffman CS . Development of a fission yeast-based high-throughput screen to identify chemical regulators of cAMP phosphodiesterases . J Biomol Screen . 13 . 1 . 62–71 . January 2008 . 18227226 . 2851203 . 10.1177/1087057107312127.
  11. Ahmad . Nashrah . Ansari . Mohammad Y. . Bano . Shabana . Haqqi . Tariq M. . August 2020 . Imperatorin suppresses IL-1β-induced iNOS expression via inhibiting ERK-MAPK/AP1 signaling in primary human OA chondrocytes . International Immunopharmacology . 85 . 106612 . 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106612 . 1878-1705 . 8418334 . 32450530.

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