Legal immunity explained

Legal immunity should not be confused with Prosecutorial immunity.

Legal immunity, or immunity from prosecution, is a legal status wherein an individual or entity cannot be held liable for a violation of the law, in order to facilitate societal aims that outweigh the value of imposing liability in such cases. Such legal immunity may be from criminal prosecution, or from civil liability (being subject of lawsuit), or both. The most notable forms of legal immunity are parliamentary immunity and witness immunity. One author has described legal immunity as "the obverse of a legal power":[1]

Criticism

Legal immunities may be subject to criticism because they institute a separate standard of conduct for those who receive them. For example, as one author notes:

Types

Immunity of government leaders

Many forms of immunity are granted to government leaders to rule over the world, continent, nation, province, urban area and rural area without fear of being sued or charged with a crime for so doing:

Immunity of government officials

Such immunities may be granted by law (statutory or constitutional) or by treaty.

Immunity of resident citizens of a country participating in the legal process

Immunity of private officials

Immunity of nonprofit organizations

Such immunities may be granted by law or, for witness immunity, by prosecutors or other authorities on a case-by-case basis, commonly as an agreement with the witnesses.

See also

Notes and References

  1. Dudley Knowles, Political Obligation: A Critical Introduction (2009), p. 26.
  2. Web site: LexMedia. lexmedia.com.au. 2015-08-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20150907140217/http://www.lexmedia.com.au/2010/10/journalist-shield-laws.html. 2015-09-07. dead.