Hydantoin racemase explained

Hydantoin racemase
Ec Number:	5.1.99.5

Hydantoin racemase (5'-monosubstituted-hydantoin racemase, HyuA, HyuE) is an enzyme with systematic name D-5-monosubstituted-hydantoin racemase.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]} This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

D-5-monosubstituted hydantoin

\rightleftharpoons L-5-monosubstituted hydantoin

This enzyme is a part of the reaction cascade known as the "hydantoinase process".

Notes and References

1. Watabe K, Ishikawa T, Mukohara Y, Nakamura H . Purification and characterization of the hydantoin racemase of Pseudomonas sp. strain NS671 expressed in Escherichia coli . Journal of Bacteriology . 174 . 24 . 7989–95 . December 1992 . 1459947 . 207535 .
2. Wiese A, Pietzsch M, Syldatk C, Mattes R, Altenbuchner J . Hydantoin racemase from Arthrobacter aurescens DSM 3747: heterologous expression, purification and characterization . Journal of Biotechnology . 80 . 3 . 217–30 . July 2000 . 10949312 . 10.1016/s0168-1656(00)00262-5 .
3. Martínez-Rodríguez S, Las Heras-Vázquez FJ, Mingorance-Cazorla L, Clemente-Jiménez JM, Rodríguez-Vico F . Molecular cloning, purification, and biochemical characterization of hydantoin racemase from the legume symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti CECT 4114 . Applied and Environmental Microbiology . 70 . 1 . 625–30 . January 2004 . 14711700 . 321266 . 10.1128/aem.70.1.625-630.2004 .
4. Martínez-Rodríguez S, Las Heras-Vázquez FJ, Clemente-Jiménez JM, Rodríguez-Vico F . Biochemical characterization of a novel hydantoin racemase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 . Biochimie . 86 . 2 . 77–81 . February 2004 . 15016445 . 10.1016/j.biochi.2004.01.004 .
5. Suzuki S, Onishi N, Yokozeki K . Purification and characterization of hydantoin racemase from Microbacterium liquefaciens AJ 3912 . Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry . 69 . 3 . 530–6 . March 2005 . 15784981 . 10.1271/bbb.69.530 .
6. Martínez-Rodríguez S, Andújar-Sánchez M, Neira JL, Clemente-Jiménez JM, Jara-Pérez V, Rodríguez-Vico F, Las Heras-Vázquez FJ . Site-directed mutagenesis indicates an important role of cysteines 76 and 181 in the catalysis of hydantoin racemase from Sinorhizobium meliloti . Protein Science . 15 . 12 . 2729–38 . December 2006 . 17132860 . 2242435 . 10.1110/ps.062452106 .
7. Altenbuchner J, Siemann-Herzberg M, Syldatk C . Hydantoinases and related enzymes as biocatalysts for the synthesis of unnatural chiral amino acids . Current Opinion in Biotechnology . 12 . 6 . 559–63 . December 2001 . 11849938 . 10.1016/s0958-1669(01)00263-4 .