List of human evolution fossils explained

The following tables give an overview of notable finds of hominin fossils and remains relating to human evolution, beginning with the formation of the tribe Hominini (the divergence of the human and chimpanzee lineages) in the late Miocene, roughly 7 to 8 million years ago.

As there are thousands of fossils, mostly fragmentary, often consisting of single bones or isolated teeth with complete skulls and skeletons rare, this overview is not complete, but shows some of the most important findings. The fossils are arranged by approximate age as determined by radiometric dating and/or incremental dating and the species name represents current consensus; if there is no clear scientific consensus the other possible classifications are indicated.

The early fossils shown are not considered ancestors to Homo sapiens but are closely related to ancestors and are therefore important to the study of the lineage. After 1.5 million years ago (extinction of Paranthropus), all fossils shown are human (genus Homo). After 11,500 years ago (11.5 ka, beginning of the Holocene), all fossils shown are Homo sapiens (anatomically modern humans), illustrating recent divergence in the formation of modern human sub-populations.__TOC__

Late Miocene (7.2–5.5 million years old)

The chimpanzee–human divergence likely took place during around 10 to 7 million years ago.[1] The list of fossils begins with Graecopithecus, dated some 7.2 million years ago, which may or may not still be ancestral to both the human and the chimpanzee lineage. For the earlier history of the human lineage, see Timeline of human evolution#Hominidae, Hominidae#Phylogeny.

ImageNamedata-sort-type=number Age (Ma)SpeciesYear
discovered
CountryDiscovered byNow located at
El Graeco7.20[2] Graecopithecus1944, 2017Greece, Bulgaria
Site:Pyrgos Vassilissis, Azmaka
Böhme (Tübingen), Spassov (BAS)Met, Athens; Tübingen, Germany
TM 266 (Toumai)7.00–6.00[3] Sahelanthropus tchadensis2001Chad
Site:Djurab Desert
Michel Brunet, Alain Beauvilain, Fanone Gongdibe, Mahamat Adoum and Ahounta DjimdoumalbayeN'Djamena (Chad), BEAC
BAR 1000'006.1–5.7[4] Orrorin tugenensis2000Kenya
Site:Lukeino
Martin Pickford, Kiptalam Cheboi, Dominique Gommery, Pierre Mein, Brigitte Senut
Trachilos footprints6.05[5] Made by hominin or hominin-like primate2002GreeceGerard D. Gierliński
ALA-VP 1/20[6] 5.65±0.150Ardipithecus kadabba1997Ethiopia
Site:Middle Awash
Yohannes Haile-Selassie

Pliocene (5.3–2.58 million years old)

ImageNameAge (Ma)SpeciesYear
discovered
CountryDiscovered byNow located at
Ardi4.40[7] Ardipithecus ramidus1994EthiopiaYohannes Haile-Selassie
Lothagam mandible (KNM-LT 329)[8] 4.60±0.40[9] Australopithecus anamensis or undetermined Hominidae1967KenyaArnold Lewis,[10] Bryan Patterson[11] [12] [13]
KNM-TH 131504.70±0.55[14] Australopithecus anamensis1984KenyaKiptalam Cheboi
KNM-KP 2714.00[15] Australopithecus anamensis1965Kanapoi, KenyaBryan Patterson
Laetoli Footprints3.70Bipedal hominin1976TanzaniaMary Leakey
LH 43.40±0.50Australopithecus afarensis1974Laetoli, TanzaniaMary Leakey[16]
KSD-VP-1/1 (Kadanuumuu)3.58Australopithecus afarensis2005EthiopiaYohannes Haile-Selassie
KT-12/H1 (Abel)3.50Australopithecus bahrelghazali1995ChadMamelbaye Tomalta and Michel BrunetN'Djamena (Chad), BEAC
KNM-WT 22944 G-J3.50Australopithecus sp.1990KenyaMultinational teamNational Museums of Kenya
KNM-WT 40000 (Flat Faced Man)[17] 3.50-3.20Kenyanthropus platyops1999Lake Turkana (West Lake Turkana), KenyaJustus Erus and Meave Leakey[18]
BRT-VP-3/143.40±0.10Australopithecus deyiremeda2015EthiopiaYohannes Haile-Selassie[19]
Stw 573 (Little foot)3.67Australopithecus prometheus(?)1994Sterkfontein, South AfricaRonald J. Clarke
DIK-1 (Selam)3.30Australopithecus afarensis2000EthiopiaZeresenay Alemseged
AL 288-1 (Lucy)3.20Australopithecus afarensis1974EthiopiaTom Gray, Donald Johanson, Yves Coppens and Maurice TaiebNational Museum of Ethiopia
AL 200-13.10±0.10Australopithecus afarensis1975Afar Region, EthiopiaDonald Johanson Yves Coppens and Maurice Taieb
AL 129-13.10±0.10Australopithecus afarensis1973Afar Region, EthiopiaDonald Johanson
AL 444-2[20] 3.00Australopithecus afarensis1992Afar Region, EthiopiaYoel Rak
LD 350-1[21] 2.775±0.025[22] Homo(?)2013EthiopiaChalachew Seyoum
Taung Child 13.03–2.61Australopithecus africanus1924Buxton-Norlim Limeworks, South AfricaRaymond DartUniversity of the Witwatersrand

Pleistocene

Lower Paleolithic

2.58–0.3 million years old

NameAge (Ma)SpeciesDate
discovered
CountryDiscovered byNow located at
KNM-WT 17000
(The Black Skull)
2.50Paranthropus aethiopicus1985KenyaAlan Walker
BOU-VP-12/130[23] 2.50Australopithecus garhi1997EthiopiaYohannes Haile-Selassie
STS 71[24] 2.61–2.07Australopithecus africanus1947Sterkfontein, South AfricaRobert Broom and John T. RobinsonDitsong National Museum of Natural History
STS 522.61–2.07Australopithecus africanus1947Sterkfontein, South AfricaRobert BroomDitsong National Museum of Natural History
UR 501 (Uraha jawbone)2.40±0.10Homo rudolfensis[25] 1991MalawiTyson Msiska, Timothy Bromage, Friedemann Schrenk
STS 5 (Mrs. Ples)
(STS 14)[26]
2.07[27] Australopithecus africanus1947Sterkfontein, South AfricaRobert BroomDitsong National Museum of Natural History
DNH 134 (Simon)[28] 2.04Homo erectus2015Drimolen Main Quarry, South AfricaAndy Herries' team (excavated by Richard Curtis, Andy Herries, Angeline Leece; reconstructed by Jesse Martin)University of the Witwatersrand
DNH 155[29] 2.04–1.95Paranthropus robustus2018Drimolen Main Quarry, South AfricaAndy Herries and Stephanie Baker's team (first found by Samantha Good and excavated by Samantha Good, Angeline Leece, Stephanie Baker and Andy Herries; reconstructed by Jesse Martin)University of the Witwatersrand
DNH 152(Khethi)2.04–1.95Paranthropus robustus2018Drimolen Main Quarry, South AfricaAndy Herries and Stephanie Baker's team (first part found by Khethi Nkosi. later parts by Amber Jaeger, Eunice Lalunio; reconstructed by Jesse Martin & Angeline Leece)University of the Witwatersrand
DNH 7
(Eurydice)
[30]
2.04–1.95Paranthropus robustus1994Drimolen, Drimolen Main Quarry, South AfricaR. Smith and André KeyserUniversity of the Witwatersrand
KNM-ER 640602.03Homo habilis2012Ileret, Kenya
KNM-ER 640612.02Homo erectus2012-2013Ileret, Kenya
TM 1517[31] 2.0Paranthropus robustus1938South AfricaGert TerblancheDitsong National Museum of Natural History
MH1 (Karabo)[32] [33] 1.98[34] Australopithecus sediba2008Malapa, South AfricaMatthew Berger and Lee Rogers BergerUniversity of the Witwatersrand
KNM-ER 18131.90Homo habilis1973KenyaKamoya Kimeu
KNM-ER 14701.90Homo rudolfensis1972KenyaBernard Ngeneo[35]
SK 482.25–1.80Paranthropus robustus1948Swartkrans, South AfricaRobert BroomDitsong National Museum of Natural History
SK 46[36] 2.25–1.80Paranthropus robustus1949Swartkrans, South AfricaRobert BroomDitsong National Museum of Natural History
SK 847[37] 2.25–1.80Homo habilis1949Swartkrans, South AfricaDitsong National Museum of Natural History
OH 24
(Twiggy)
[38]
1.80Homo habilis1968TanzaniaPeter Nzube
OH 8[39] 1.80Homo habilis1960Olduvai, Tanzania
D2700 (Dmanisi Skull 3)1.81±0.40[40] Homo erectus2001Dmanisi, GeorgiaDavid Lordkipanidze and Abesalom Vekua
D3444 (Dmanisi Skull 4)1.81±0.40Homo erectus2003Dmanisi, GeorgiaDavid Lordkipanidze
D4500 (Dmanisi Skull 5)1.81±0.40Homo erectus2005 (published in 2013)Dmanisi, GeorgiaDavid Lordkipanidze
KNM-ER 62000–62003[41] 1.84±0.60Homo rudolfensis2012Koobi Fora, KenyaMeave Leakey's team
KNM-ER 640621.84±0.02Homo erectus2013Ileret, Kenya
OH 5
(Zinj or
nutcracker man)
1.75Paranthropus boisei1959TanzaniaMary Leakey
OH 71.75Homo habilis1960TanzaniaJonathan Leakey
StW 531.8–1.6variously A. africanus, H. habilis, H. gautengensis1976Sterkfontein, South AfricaA. R. HughesUniversity of the Witwatersrand
KNM-ER 18051.74Homo habilis1973/4KenyaPaul Abell
Yuanmou Man1.70
or 0.60–0.50
(disputed)[42]
Homo erectus1965ChinaFang Qian
KNM-ER 4061.70Paranthropus boisei1969KenyaRichard Leakey
KNM-ER 732[43] 1.70Paranthropus boisei1970KenyaRichard Leakey
KNM-ER 23000[44] 1.70Paranthropus boisei1990Koobi Fora, KenyaBenson Kyongo
KNM-WT 17400[45] [46] 1.70Paranthropus boiseiNot known[47] Lake Turkana (West Lake Turkana) KenyaunknownNational Museums of Kenya, Nairobi (Kenia)
KNM-ER 37331.63±0.15[48] Homo ergaster (a.k.a. African Homo erectus)1975Kenya
Lantian Man1.62±0.03Homo erectus1963Lantian County, ChinaWoo Ju-Kang
KNM-WT 15000
(Turkana Boy)
1.60Homo ergaster (a.k.a. African Homo erectus)1984Lake Turkana (West Lake Turkana), KenyaKamoya KimeuKenya National Museum
Peninj Mandible1.50Paranthropus boisei1964TanzaniaRichard Leakey
Ileret Footprints1.50Homo erectus2007-2014Ileret, Kenya
KNM-ER 9921.50Homo ergaster (a.k.a. African Homo erectus)1971KenyaRichard Leakey
KNM-ER 38831.57±0.08Homo erectus1976KenyaRichard Leakey
Mojokerto 1
(Mojokerto child)
1.43±0.10Homo erectus1936IndonesiaAndojo, G.H.R. von Koenigswald
BL02-J54-100[49] 1.40Similar to H. heidelbergensisUnknownSpainUnknown
KGA 10-525[50] [51] 1.40Paranthropus boisei1993Konso-Gardula, EthiopiaA. Amzaye
OH 9
(Chellean Man)
[52]
1.40Homo erectus1960Olduvai, TanzaniaLouis Leakey
Sima del Elephante maxilla[53] 1.40Homo erectus?2022Spain
ATE9-1[54] 1.20Homo sp. or Homo erectus?2008SpainEudald CarbonellMuseo de la Evolución Humana, Burgos (Spain)
Kocabaş1.10[55] Homo erectus[56] 2002TurkeyM. Cihat Alçiçek
Daka1.00Homo erectus1997EthiopiaHenry Gilbert
Sangiran 41.00Homo erectus1939IndonesiaG.H.R. von Koenigswald
Sangiran 21.15±0.45Homo erectus1937IndonesiaG.H.R. von Koenigswald
Madam Buya[57] 1.00Homo erectus1997EritreaErnesto AbbateNational Museum of Eritrea
ATD6-15 and ATD6-69(Niño de la Gran Dolina 342)0.900[58] Homo antecessor
or
Homo erectus
1994SpainBermúdez & ArsuagaMuseo de la Evolución Humana, Burgos (Spain)
Trinil 2
Pithecanthropus-1
or
Java Man
[59]
0.850±0.150Homo erectus1891IndonesiaEugène DuboisNaturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden
Ternifine 2-3 now Tighennif[60] 0.70Homo erectus1954AlgeriaC. Arambourg & B. Hoffstetter
Sangiran 17[61] 0.70Homo erectus1969IndonesiaS. Sartono
Peking Man0.73±0.50[62] Homo erectus1921ChinaDavidson BlackLost/stolen
Nanjing Man0.60±0.02Homo erectus1993ChinaLiu Luhong
Bodo[63] 0.600Homo heidelbergensis
or
Homo erectus
1976EthiopiaA. Asfaw
Benjamina[64] [65] 0.53Homo neanderthalensis2001-2001SpainAna Gracia Téllez
Mauer 1
(Heidelberg Man)
0.50Homo heidelbergensis1907GermanyDaniel HartmannHeidelberg University
Saldanha man[66] 0.50Homo rhodesiensis1953South Africa
Boxgrove Man0.50[67] Homo heidelbergensis1994UKNatural History Museum
Arago 21
(Tautavel Man)
0.45Homo erectus1971FranceHenry de Lumley
Ceprano Man[68] [69] 0.450±0.050Homo cepranensis
/Homo heidelbergensis
1994Ceprano, ItalyItalo BiddittuServizio di antropologia, Soprintendenza ai beni culturali, Regione Lazio, Italy
Agamenón[70] 0.43Homo neanderthalensis[71] 1997SpainPaleontological teamsMuseo de la Evolución Humana, Burgos (Spain)
Miguelón0.40Homo neanderthalensis1992SpainBermúdez, Arsuaga & CarbonellMuseo de la Evolución Humana, Burgos (Spain)
Aroeira 30.40Homo heidelbergensis2014PortugalMuseu Nacional de Arqueologia, Lisbon
Salé cranium[72] [73] [74] 0.40-0.20Homo sapiens?1971MoroccoQuarry worker
Swanscombe Man[75] 0.40Homo neanderthalensis1935, 1936, 1955UKAlvan T Marston, John J Wymer and Adrian GibsonNatural History Museum
Ndutu[76] [77] 0.45±.04Homo neanderthalensis affinities1973TanzaniaA.A. Mturi
Hexian Man[78] [79] 0.412±0.025[80] Homo erectus1980-1981[81] Hexian, China
Gawis cranium0.350±0.150Homo erectus/Homo sapiens2006EthiopiaAsahmed Humet
Steinheim Skull0.35Homo heidelbergensis1933Germany
Dinaledi Chamber hominins0.325±0.090[82] Homo naledi2013South AfricaRick Hunter and Steven TuckerUniversity of the Witwatersrand (South Africa)
Homo heidelbergensis1949FranceMusée de l'Homme
BH-10.4[83] Homo heidelbergensisMala Balanica, Serbia

Middle Paleolithic

300,000–50,000 years old

NameAge (ka)SpeciesYear
discovered
CountryDiscovered byNow located at
Dragon Man309–138Homo longi1933ChinaHebei GEO University
Broken Hill 1
(Kabwe 1, Rhodesian Man)
299±25[84] Homo rhodesiensis (Homo heidelbergensis)1921ZambiaTom Zwiglaar
Jebel Irhoud 1–5315±32[85] Homo sapiens2017MoroccoINSAP
Samu[86] 275±25Homo heidelbergensis1964HungaryLászló Vértes
Dali Man[87] 260±20[88] Homo daliensis1978ChinaShuntang Liu
Jinniushan260-200 ka[89] Homo longi Homo daliensis1984China[90] Paleolithic Archeology Student Excavation Team
Florisbad Skull259±35early Homo sapiens
or Homo heidelbergensis
or Homo helmei
1932South AfricaT. F. Dreyer, G. Venter
Galilee Man250±50Homo heidelbergensis1925IsraelFrancis Turville-Petre
Coupe-Gorge[91] 250Homo heidelbergensis1949FranceRaoul Cammas
Montmaurin-La Niche mandible[92] 250Homo heidelbergensis1949FranceRaoul CammasMusée de l'Homme
Saccopastore 1250[93] Homo neanderthalensis1929Grotta Guattari / ItalyMario Grazioli
Saccopastore 2[94] 250Homo neanderthalensis1935Grotta Guattari / ItalyHenry Breuil and Alberto Carlo Blanc
Narmada Cranium236-46Homo erectus or Homo sapiensNarmada River
Bontnewydd Palaeolithic site, Denbighshire, Wales230Homo neanderthalensis1981Wales, UK
Apidima 1
(LAO 1/S1)
210[95] Homo sapiens1978Apidima Cave / GreeceTheodore Pitsios[96]
Petralona 1200±40[97] Homo heidelbergensis (uncertain)1960Greece
Omo remains233±22[98] or 195±5[99] Homo sapiens1967EthiopiaRichard Leakey
Laterite Baby190(?)[100] H. erectus
or
H. sapiens
2001Tamil Nadu, IndiaP Rajendran
Misliya-1187±13[101] Homo sapiens2002IsraelIsrael Hershkovitz
Apidima 2
(LAO 1/S2)
170Homo neanderthalensis1978Apidima Cave / GreeceTheodore Pitsios
Penghu 1160±30 or 40±30[102] Homo tsaichangensis[103] [104] [105] TaiwanNational Museum of Natural Science
Herto remains[106] 160Homo sapiens1997EthiopiaTim White
Xiahe mandible160[107] Denisovan1980China
Altamura Man151±21[108] Homo neanderthalensis1993Italyin situ
Nesher Ramla Homo140±120Nesher Ramla Homo
or
Homo neanderthalensis
2021IsraelIsrael Hershkovitz
Maba Man140±120early modern human,Homo neanderthalensis

or

Denisovan

1958Shaogun, ChinaInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology
LH 18120±30Homo sapiens1976Ngaloba beds at Laetoli, TanzaniaMary Leakey[109]
Tabun C1[110] 120Homo neanderthalensis1967IsraelArthur Jelinek
Sarstedt (Sst) I-III[111] 115-58 kaHomo neanderthalensis?1997-1999GermanyFrangenberg brothers
Krapina 3[112] 113.5±13.5[113] Homo neanderthalensis1899CroatiaDragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger
Ngandong 7112[114] Homo erectus1931IndonesiaC. ter Haar and G. H. R. von Koenigswald
Denisova 8110[115] [116] Denisovan2010Russia
Qafzeh 6[117] 95±5Homo sapiens1930IsraelR. Neuville, M. Stekelis
Qafzeh 9100–90Homo sapiens[118] [119] 1933IsraelB. Vandermeersch
Scladina103±23Homo neanderthalensis1993Belgium
Skhul 5100±20Homo sapiens1933IsraelT. McCown and H. Moivus Jr.
Skhul 9100±20Homo sapiens Israel
Klasies River Caves[120] 100±25Homo sapiens1960South AfricaRay Inskeep, Robin Singer, John Wymer, Hilary Deacon
Eve's footprints117Homo sapiens1995South AfricaDavid Roberts & Lee R. Berger
Liujiang man113.5±45.5Homo sapiens1958China
Denny[121] [122] [123] 90Hybrid – (Homo neanderthalensis/Homo sapiens denisova)2012Denisova Cave / Siberia / RussiaViviane Slon & Svante PääboMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (Leipzig, Germany)
Panga ya Saidi[124] 78.3±4.1Homo sapiens2021Kenya
Obi-Rakhmat 1[125] 75Homo neanderthalensis2003Uzbekistan
Teshik-Tash Skull[126] 70Homo neanderthalensis1938UzbekistanA. Okladnikov
La Ferrassie 170Homo neanderthalensis1909FranceR. Capitan and D. Peyrony
Shanidar 170±10Homo neanderthalensis1961IraqRalph Solecki
Sambungmacan (Sm) 1-470- 40Homo erectus1973-2001[127] IndonesiaConstruction and fossil collectors
La Quina 5[128] 65Homo neanderthalensisFrance
La Chapelle-aux-Saints 160Homo neanderthalensis1908FranceA. and J. Bouyssonie and L. Bardon
Kebara 2 (Moshe)[129] 60Homo neanderthalensis1983IsraelLynne Schepartz
Amud 7[130] 55±5Homo neanderthalensisIsrael
LB 1 (Hobbit)55±5Homo floresiensis2003Liang Bua, IndonesiaPeter Brown
Manot 155Homo sapiens2008Israel[131]
La Quina 1852.5±7.5Homo neanderthalensisFrance
Tam Pa Ling Cave54.5±8.5[132] [133] Homo sapiens2009Laos

Upper Paleolithic

50,000–11,500 years old

NameAge (ka)SpeciesDate
discovered
CountryDiscovered byNow located at
Homo luzonensis50±10Homo luzonensis2007PhilippinesFlorent Détroit & Armand Mijares
Mungo Man50±10Homo sapiens1974Australia
Mt. Circeo 1[134] 50±10Homo neanderthalensis1939ItalyProf. Blanc
SID-00B49.2±2.5[135] Homo neanderthalensis1994Sidrón Cave, Spain
Simanya Neanderthals[136] 49-42Homo neanderthalensis1978-1979, 2022Simanya caveMiguel AznarArchaeology Museum of Catalonia
Ust'-Ishim man45Homo sapiens2008RussiaNikolai Peristov
Kents Cavern 4 maxilla43.5±2.5Homo sapiens1927UK
Zlatý kůň woman43Homo sapiens1950Czech Republic
Tianyuan man40.5±1.5Homo sapiens2007China
Amud 1[137] 41[138] Homo neanderthalensis1961IsraelHisashi Suzuki
Neanderthal 1[139] 40Homo neanderthalensis1856GermanyJohann Carl Fuhlrott
Denisova hominin (X-Woman)40Homo sp. Altai2008RussiaJohannes Krause, et al.
hominin toe bone40Homo sp. Altai (possible Neanderthal–Denisovan hybrid)2010Russia
Oase 142–37[140] Homo sapiens (EEMH x Neanderthal hybrid)2002Romania
Kostenki-14 (Markina Gora)40–37[141] Homo sapiens (EEMH)1954Russia
SID-20[142] 37.30±0.83Homo neanderthalensis1994Sidrón Cave, Spain
Balangoda Man37Homo sapiens2012Sri Lanka
Hofmeyr Skull36Homo sapiens1952South Africa
Wadjak 1[143] 33±4.5[144] Homo sapiens (proto-Australoid[145])1888Indonesia
Red Lady of Paviland33Homo sapiens1823Wales, UKWilliam Buckland
Yamashita-Cho Man32Homo sapiens1962Japan
Engis 240±10[146] Homo neanderthalensis1829BelgiumPhilippe-Charles Schmerling
Gibraltar 140±10Homo neanderthalensis1848GibraltarCaptain Edmund Flint
Le Moustier40±10Homo neanderthalensis1909France
Denisovan tooth40±10Homo sp. Altai2000Russia
PES-238.9–92Uncertain, possibly Homo neanderthalensisSerbia
PES-1[147] 31–29Uncertain, possibly Homo sapiensSerbia
Yana RHS31.63Homo sapiensRussia
Sungir I30.25±0.25Homo sapiensRussia
Cro-Magnon 130Homo sapiens (EEMH)1868FranceLouis Lartet
NG 61931IndonesiaC. ter Haar and GHR von Koenigswald-->
WLH-5029±5Homo sapiens1982Australia
Predmost 3[148] 26Homo sapiens1894Czech RepublicKarel Jaroslav Maška
Lapedo Child24.5Homo neanderthalensis
or
Homo sapiens
1998PortugalJoão Zilhão
Mid-Upper Paleolithoic human humerus from Eel Point, Caldey Island, Wales, UK[149] 24Homo sapiens1997Wales, UK
MA-1 (Mal'ta boy)24Homo sapiens (ANE)1920sRussia
Abri Pataud Woman20.6Homo sapiensFrance
[150] Minatogawa 117±1Homo sapiens1970JapanAnthropology Museum, Tokyo University
Tandou[151] [152] 17Homo sapiens1967AustraliaDuncan Merrilees
Gough's Cave[153] [154] 14.7Homo sapiens2010UK
Iwo Eleru skull13[155] Homo sapiens1965Nigeria
"Kotias"[156] 13Homo sapiens (CHG)Kotias Klde cave, Georgia
Arlington Springs Man13[157] Homo sapiens1959United StatesPhil Orr
Chancelade find14.5±2.5[158] Homo sapiens1888France
Villabruna 114Homo sapiens (WHG)1988Italy
Bonn-Oberkassel double burial[159] 14-13Homo sapiens1914[160] Germany
Bichon man13.7Homo sapiens (WHG)1956Switzerland
Red Deer Cave13±1.5Homo sapiens1979ChinaDarren Curnoe?

Holocene (11,500–5,000 years old)

NameAge (ka)Culture /
association
Year
discovered
Country
Luzia11.5[161] Paleo-Indian1975Brazil
[162] Cerro Sota 2[163] 111936Chile
"Satsurblia"10Caucasian Epipaleolithic (CHG)Georgia
Yaho skull[164] 10?1961Chad
Kow Swamp 113–91968Australia
Talgai Skull[165] 1886Australia
La Brea Woman10 (8000 BC)Paleo-Indian1914United States
Combe Capelle9.6 (7600 BC)[166] European Mesolithic1909France
Asselar manBetween 9500 BP and 7000 BP, with caution, 6390 BP[167] Neolithic1927Mali
Cheddar Man9 (7000 BC)British Mesolithic1903United Kingdom
Kennewick Man9 (7000 BC)Archaic period (North America)1996United States
Barum Woman8.8 (6800 BC)European Mesolithic1939Sweden
Tepexpan manPaleo-Indian1947Mexico
Loschbour man[168] 8 (6000 BC)European Mesolithic (WHG)1935Luxembourg
Minnesota Woman (5900 BC)Paleo-Indian1931Minnesota, United States
Lothagam 4b (Lo 4b)[169] [170] 1965–1975Kenya
Bessé’[171] 7.3–7.2Toalean2015Sulawesi, Indonesia
Ötzi5.3 (3230 BC)European Neolithic1991Ötztal Alps, Italy

Abbreviations used in fossil catalog name

See also

Further reading

References

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. "In effect, there is now no a priori reason to presume that human-chimpanzee split time are especially recent, and the fossil evidence is now fully compatible with older chimpanzee–human divergence dates [7 to 10 Ma]" White TD, Asfaw B, Beyene Y . Ardipithecus ramidus and the paleobiology of early hominids . Science . 326 . 5949 . 75–86 . October 2009 . 19810190 . 10.1126/science.1175802. etal. 2009Sci...326...75W . 20189444 .
  2. Fuss . Jochen . Spassov . Nikolai . Begun . David R. . Böhme . Madelaine . 2017-05-22 . Potential hominin affinities of Graecopithecus from the Late Miocene of Europe . PLOS ONE . 12 . 5 . e0177127 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0177127 . free . 1932-6203 . 5439669 . 28531170. 2017PLoSO..1277127F .
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