Lodging Explained

Lodging refers to the use of a short-term dwelling, usually by renting the living space or sometimes through some other arrangement. People who travel and stay away from home for more than a day need lodging for sleep, rest, food, safety, shelter from cold temperatures or rain, storage of luggage and access to common household functions.^[1] Lodging is a form of the sharing economy.

Lodging is done in a hotel, motel, hostel, or inn, a private home (commercial, i.e. a bed and breakfast, a guest house, a vacation rental, or non-commercially, as in certain homestays or the home of friends), in a tent, caravan/campervan (often on a campsite). Lodgings may be self-catering, whereby no food is provided, but cooking facilities are available.

Lodging is offered by an owner of real property or a leasehold estate, including the hotel industry, hospitality industry, real estate investment trusts, and owner-occupancy houses.

Lodging can be facilitated by an intermediary such as a travel website.

Regulations by jurisdiction

Regulation of short-term rentals can include requirements for hosts to have business licenses, payment of hotel taxes and compliance with building, city and zoning standards. The hotel industry has lobbied for stricter regulations on short-term home rental^[2] and in addition to government-imposed restrictions, many homeowner associations also limit short term rentals.^[3]

Europe

• Amsterdam: Hosts can rent their properties for up to 30 nights per year to a group of no more than four at a time.^[4] Short-term rentals are banned in certain parts of the city.^[5]
• Barcelona: Vacation apartments are subject to the highest rate of property tax; platforms must share data with regulators.^{[6] [7] [8]}
• Berlin: Short-term rentals require permission from authorities. Hosts can rent individual rooms with the condition that they live in most of the property.^[9]
• Ireland: Short-term rentals are restricted to a maximum of 90 days per year for primary residences; registration is required with local authorities and planning permission is required where a property changes use from private residence to full-time short-term rental. However, compliance with these requirements is minimal, with one study finding only 38 listed properties had the required planning permission, out of 25,000.^{[10] [11] [12]}
• London: Short-term rentals are limited to 90 days per year.^{[13] [14]}
• Madrid: Listings without private entrances are banned.^[15]
• Palma de Mallorca: Home-sharing sites are banned to contain tourism.^[16]
• Paris: Hosts can rent their homes for no more than 120 days a year^[17] and must register their listing with the town hall.^[18]
• Rome: Short-term rental sites are required to withhold a 21% rental income tax.^[19]
• Venice: Hosts must collect and remit tourist taxes.^{[20] [21]}
• Vienna: Short-term rentals are banned in specific "residential zones" within the city, with the exemption of apartments used primarily for the host's own residential needs.^[22]

United States

See main article: Hotel tax and User fee.

• Arizona: Most regulations are not allowed since municipalities are prohibited from interfering in property rights.^[23]
• Boston: The types of properties eligible for use as short-term rentals and the number of days per year a property may be rented are limited.^{[24] [25] [26] [27]}
• Chicago: Hosts are required to obtain a license. Single-night stays are prohibited.^[28]
• Jersey City, New Jersey: Hosts are only allowed to rent for 60 days per year.^{[29] [30]}
• Los Angeles: Hosts must register with the city planning department and pay an $89 fee and cannot home-share for more than 120 days in a calendar year.^{[31] [32]}
• Miami: Short-term rentals are banned in most neighborhoods, in part due to lobbying efforts of the hotel industry.^{[33] [34]}
• New York City: Rentals under 30 days are prohibited unless the host is present on the property. Hosts are required to obtain a license and relatively few licenses have been issued.^[35]
• Portland, Oregon: The number of bedrooms in a single unit that may be listed is limited.^[36]
• San Diego: Units for short-term rental are limited to 1% of the housing stock and licenses are required.^[37]
• San Francisco: Registration by hosts is required.^[38]
• Santa Monica, California: Hosts are required to register with the city and obtain a license and are also prohibited from listing multiple properties.^[39]
• Seattle: Hosts must obtain licenses and cannot rent more than two units.^[40]
• Washington, D.C.: Hosts must obtain a short-term rental license, and, if the host is not present, those rentals are limited to a combined 90 days each year.^[41]
• West New York, New Jersey: Short-term rentals are banned.^[42]

Canada

• Toronto: Short-term rentals must be in a host's primary residence and hosts must obtain licenses.^[43]
• Vancouver: Short-term rentals must be in a host's primary residence and hosts must obtain licenses.^{[44] [45]}

Asia

• Japan: Hosts are required to register their listing with the government; a home can be rented for a maximum of 180 days per year.^[46]
• Singapore: Short-term home rentals of less than three months are illegal.^{[47] [48]}

Notes and References

1. Web site: Lodging . Free Dictionary.
2. News: Inside the Hotel Industry's Plan to Combat Airbnb . Katie . Benner . . April 16, 2017 . limited.
3. News: How your neighbor's Airbnb rental can affect your property values . Ilyse . Glick . Samuel J. . Talkin . . September 7, 2016 . subscription.
4. News: Amsterdam to allow Airbnb rentals in city centre after court order . Bart . Meijer . . March 16, 2021.
5. News: The Netherlands goes after Airbnb . LAURA . KAYALI . MELISSA . HEIKKILÄ . . November 9, 2020.
6. News: Barcelona Finds a Way to Control Airbnb Rentals . Feargus . O'Sullivan . . June 6, 2018 .
7. News: The Airbnb Invasion of Barcelona . Rebecca . Mead . . April 22, 2019.
8. News: Barcelona Takes on Airbnb . Paige . McClanahan . . September 26, 2021 . limited.
9. News: Oltermann . Philip . Berlin ban on Airbnb short-term rentals upheld by city court . . June 8, 2016.
10. Web site: The vast majority of Irish Airbnbs are illegal. Two law students are going after them. On The Ditch. 6 April 2023. 20 April 2023.
11. News: No extra Dublin City Council staff hired so far to enforce new letting laws . Louise . Byrne . . June 28, 2019.
12. News: Explainer: The new rules on Airbnb hosting come into effect today - here's what you need to know . Cónal . Thomas . . July 1, 2019.
13. News: The 90-Day Airbnb Rule and what it means to you . . November 4, 2022.
14. News: What’s the 90-day rule and how does it impact my Airbnb in London? . . July 11, 2022.
15. News: Madrid Bans Airbnb Apartments That Don't Have Private Entrances . Feargus . O'Sullivan . . April 3, 2019.
16. News: Minder . Raphael . To Contain Tourism, One Spanish City Strikes a Ban, on Airbnb . . June 23, 2018 . limited.
17. News: Carey . Meredith . Paris Could Pull 43,000 Airbnb Listings by This June . . April 12, 2018.
18. News: Vidalon . Dominique . Hoteliers welcome Paris decision forcing Airbnb hosts to register rentals . . July 5, 2017.
19. News: EU court adviser rejects Airbnb challenge to Italy short-term rental tax . MOLLY . QUELL . . July 7, 2022.
20. News: The race to stop the death of Venice . Kara . Fox . . June 15, 2019.
21. News: EXPLAINED: What are Italy’s rules and taxes for Airbnb rentals? . . March 14, 2022.
22. Web site: Vermieten von Wohnungen für touristische Zwecke . City of Vienna.
23. News: Airbnb gets free rein in Arizona thanks to new law . Dara . Kerr . . January 4, 2017.
24. Web site: Leo T. . SOROKIN . AIRBNB, INC. v. CITY OF Boston 386 F.Supp.3d 113 (2019) . Leagle.
25. City of Boston, Airbnb reach agreement to strengthen short-term rental registry, remove illegal units . . August 29, 2019.
26. News: Feuer . Will . Airbnb has removed thousands of listings in Boston as new rule takes effect ahead of the company's presumed IPO next year . . December 3, 2019.
27. News: Logan . Tim . Boston's tough rules governing Airbnb rentals are finally in full effect . . November 28, 2019.
28. News: New Rules for Chicago’s Home-Sharing Industry Set to Kick In . Heather . Cherone . . June 1, 2021.
29. News: Airbnb Suffers Big Defeat in Jersey City. Here's What That Means. . Luis . Ferré-Sadurní . . November 5, 2019 . limited.
30. News: Jersey City voters say 'Yes' to Airbnb regulations in N.J.'s most expensive local referendum . Joshua . Rosario . . November 6, 2019.
31. News: Airbnb wants L.A. to delay enforcing new restrictions on short-term rentals . . October 1, 2019 . limited.
32. News: Renting an Airbnb in Los Angeles? Here’s what to know before booking. . Jenna . Chandler . Alissa . Walker . . December 10, 2019.
33. News: Emails Suggest Miami Mayor Coordinated With Hotel Lobby Against Airbnb . JERRY . IANNELLI . . July 13, 2017.
34. News: Airbnb and Miami Beach Are at War. Travelers Are Caught in the Crossfire. . Tariro . Mzezewa . . March 9, 2019 . limited.
35. News: Most New York Airbnb Applications Don’t Meet City Requirements . Natalie . Lung . . October 20, 2023.
36. Web site: Accessory Short-Term Rental Permits . Portland, Oregon.
37. News: San Diego Mayor Signs Short-Term Rental Regulations Into Law . Christina . Bravo . Priya . Sridhar . . April 14, 2021.
38. News: Benner . Katie . Airbnb Settles Lawsuit With Its Hometown, San Francisco . . May 2, 2017 . limited.
39. News: Santa Monica Reaches Deal With Airbnb Over Illegal Listings . . December 10, 2019.
40. News: Seattle approves new Airbnb regulations to limit short-term rentals to 2 units per host . MONICA . NICKELSBURG . . December 11, 2017.
41. News: D.C. To Start Restricting And Regulating Airbnb And Other Short-Term Rentals . https://web.archive.org/web/20220105163458/https://dcist.com/story/22/01/05/dc-to-start-restricting-and-regulating-airbnb-and-short-term-rentals/ . live . January 5, 2022 . Martin . Austermuhle . . January 5, 2022.
42. News: Banning Airbnb in West New York: After complaints, town adopts ordinance banning short-term rentals . . Dia . Hannington . February 4, 2018.
43. News: Toronto introduces new rules for AirBnB, other short-term rental platforms . Spencer . Gallichan-Lowe . . August 25, 2020.
44. News: Vancouver bans short-term Airbnb rentals in laneway homes, basement suites . Laura . Kane . . November 14, 2017.
45. News: Vancouver Limits Airbnb, in an Effort to Combat Its Housing Crisis . Ian . Austen . . November 15, 2017 . limited.
46. News: Nearly 80 Percent of Japan's Airbnbs Were Just Removed . Meredith . Carey . . June 4, 2018.
47. News: Is Airbnb Illegal in Singapore? . Tan . Siew Ann . . 5 November 2020.
48. News: Short-term home sharing remains illegal in Singapore; Airbnb disappointed . Wei . Neo Rong . . May 8, 2021.