Galeopsis Explained

Galeopsis is a genus of annual herbaceous plants native to Europe and Asia. Members of this genus often have common names ending in hemp-nettle or hempnettle.^[1] Some species are naturalized in North America and New Zealand.^{[2] [3] [4] [5]}

The plants are poisonous.^[6] Several species are widespread weeds^[1] and some are used as medicinal herbs.^{[7] [8]}

Species

Species include:^[2]

• Galeopsis × acuminata Rchb. - Germany (G. pubescens × G. tetrahit)
• Galeopsis bifida Boenn. – bifid hemp-nettle, split-lip hemp-nettle, splitlip hempnettle, common hemp-nettle, and large-flowered hemp-nettle - widespread across much of Europe and Asia; naturalized in North America
• Galeopsis × carinthiaca Porsch ex Fiori - Italy, Czech Republic (G. bifida × G. pubescens)
• Galeopsis × haussknechtii Ludw. - Czech Republic (G. ladanum × G. segetum)
• Galeopsis ladanum L. - widespread across much of Europe and Asia; naturalized in scattered sites in North America
• Galeopsis × ludwigii Hausskn. - Germany, Czech Republic (G. bifida × G. tetrahit)
• Galeopsis nana Otsch. - Caucasus (Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan)
• Galeopsis × polychroma Beck - Austria, Italy, Czech Republic, Baltic Republics (G. pubescens × G. speciosa)
• Galeopsis pubescens Besser – hairy or downy hempnettle - southern & central Europe from Britain and France east to Russia
• Galeopsis pyrenaica Bartl. - Pyrenees Mountains of Spain & France
• Galeopsis reuteri Rchb.f. - Alps of France & Italy
• Galeopsis segetum Neck. – downy hemp-nettle - Britain, Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, France, Spain, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Yugoslavia
• Galeopsis speciosa Mill. – large-flowered hemp-nettle, Edmonton hempnettle - northern & central Europe, Siberia; naturalized in Canada
• Galeopsis tetrahit L. – common hemp-nettle, brittlestem hempnettle - southern & central Europe from Portugal to Russia; naturalized in New Zealand and North America
• Galeopsis × wirtgenii F.Ludw. ex Briq. - France, Czech Republic

Notes and References

1. Web site: USDA PLANTS.
2. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=85324 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
3. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=113170 Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 156 鼬瓣花属 you ban hua shu Galeopsis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 579. 1753.
4. http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/floraspecie.php?genere=Galeopsis Altervista Flora Italiana, Genere Galeopsis
5. http://bonap.net/NAPA/TaxonMaps/Genus/County/Galeopsis Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
6. Web site: Plants for a Future: Galeopsis.
7. Web site: Plants for a Future: Galeopsis segetum.
8. Web site: Plants for a Future: Galeopsis tetrahit.