Hasandong Formation Explained

Hasandong Formation
Type:Geological formation
Age:Aptian-Albian
~
Period:Aptian
Prilithology:Mudstone
Otherlithology:Shale, sandstone
Region:Gyeongsang Province
Coordinates:35.1°N 128°W
Paleocoordinates:41.3°N 128.1°W
Unitof:Shindong Group
Underlies:Jinju Formation
Overlies:Nakdong Formation
Thickness:1200 metres

The Hasandong Formation is an Early Cretaceous (Aptian to Albian) geologic formation in South Korea. It has been dated to the late Aptian and earliest Albian, between 118.0 ± 2.6 Ma and 112.4 ± 1.3 Ma.[1] Dinosaur remains have been discovered from this formation, though no genus is considered valid as of 2016.[2] Other reptiles from the formation include the adocid turtle Proadocus and possibly the pterosaur Dsungaripterus.

Fossil content

Invertebrate fossils

Few fragments of insects have been discovered from the formation.

Molluscs

Molluscs reported from the Hasandong Formation[3]
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
PlicatounioP. naktongensis
P. okjuni
P. yooni
NagdongiaN. soni
TrigonioidesT. jaehoi
T. kodairai
T. tamurai
BrotiopsisB. kobayashii
B. naktongensis
B. ryohoriensis
B. wakinoensis
Viviparus[4] V. sp.Architaenioglossan gastropod, probably V. keishoensis
ProbaicaliaP. katoensis[5] Hydrobiidae gastropod; species previously assigned to the genus Micromelania

Ostracods

Ostracod carapaces have been discovered from the formation.

Vertebrate fossils

Actinopterygii

Ray-finned fish reported from the Hasandong Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
Sinamia[8] S. sp.Partial Skeleton
LepidotesL. sp.Partial Skeleton

Testudines

Shell fragments of testudines have been discovered.

Crocodylomorpha

Several teeth remains have been reported but are not assigned to the specific clade.[10]

Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs reported from the Hasandong Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
Pterodactyloidea[12] [13] [14] IndeterminateTeeth and a partial second wing phalanx Dental remains belong to either Boreopteridae or Anhanguerian
DsungaripterusD.? cf. D. weii[15] Incomplete wing phalanx belonging to Dsungaripteridae[16] [17]

Dinosaurs

Several indeterminate theropod teeth remains have been reported.[18]

Dinosaurs reported from the Hasandong Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
Carcharodontosauridae[19] [20] IndeterminateTeethSome dental remains show similarities with Acrocanthosaurus
Hadrosauroidea[21] IndeterminateTooth
Titanosauriformes[22] [23] [24] IndeterminateA partial skeleton and several teeth showing different morphotypesIncludes Chiayusaurus lacustris and Pukyongosaurus milleniumi, both of which are nomen dubium
Tyrannosauroidea[25] IndeterminateTooth, estimated crown length ~18mm

Eggs

Unnamed dinosaur egg fossils have been reported.[26]

Ichnofossils

Tracks of theropods, sauropods and ornithopods have been discovered from the formation.[27] [28]

Ichnofossils reported from the Hasandong Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
Pteraichnus[29] P. koreanensisPterosaur tracks
Sauripes[30] S. hadongensisThe oldest lizard tracks showing bipedalism
Diplocraterion[31] D. luniforme
BeaconitesB. coronus
CirculichnusC. montanus
CochlichnusC. anguineus
ChondritesC. isp.
HelminthopsisH. abeli & H. hieroglyphica
LaevicyclusL. isp.
PlanolitesP. annularius, P. beverleyensis & P. montanus
SkolithosS. magnus, S. verticalis & S. isp.
SpirodesmosS. isp.
TaenidiumT. barretti
ThalassinoidesT. paradoxicus & T. suevicus

Paleoflora

Consists of 6 genera and 9 species. The assemblage of plant fossils from the Hasandong represents the 'mixed' type of Tetori-type and Ryoseki-type flora.

Plants reported from the Hasandong Formation[32]
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
BrachyphyllumB. japonicumAraucariaceae conifer
CladophlebisC. denticulata
C. (Eboracia?) lobifolia
C. (Klukia?) koraiensis
C. shinshuensis
ElatocladusE. tennerimaConifer with an unknown systematic position
OnychiopsisO. elongataLeptosporangiate fern
TaeniopterisT.? sp. cf. T. auriculataThe specific systematic position of this form genus is unknown.
ThallitesT. yabeiLiverwort

See also

References

Bibliography

Notes and References

  1. Lee. Tae-Ho. Park. Kye-Hun. Yi. Keewook. October 2018. Nature and evolution of the Cretaceous basins in the eastern margin of Eurasia: A case study of the Gyeongsang Basin, SE Korea. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. en. 166. 19–31. 10.1016/j.jseaes.2018.07.004. 2018JAESc.166...19L . 135061525 .
  2. Park . J.-Y. . Comments on the validity of the taxonomic status of "Pukyongosaurus" (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) . Memoir of the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum . 15 . 27–32 . 2016 .
  3. Book: Kim. Jeong Yul. Huh. Min. 2018. Dinosaurs, Birds, and Pterosaurs of Korea: A Paradise of Mesozoic Vertebrates. Springer Nature. 978-981-10-6998-7.
  4. Yun . Cheol-Soo . Yang . Seung-Yeong . 2001 . Cretaceous Non-marine Molluscan Fauna From the Euiseong Subbasin in Korea . Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea . 17 . 1 . 1–14 . DBpia .
  5. Isaji . S. . 2023 . Molluscan Faunal Changes from Brackish to Freshwater Deposits in the Lower Cretaceous Itsuki Formation of the Tetori Group, Japan . Paleontological Research . 28 . 1 . 1–25 . 10.2517/PR220022 . 257962930 .
  6. Hayashi. K.. 2006. Nonmarine ostracode zonation and long-distance correlation based on analysis of regional ostracode successions in China, Korea, Japan, and Mongolia. Cretaceous Research. 27. 2. 168–188. 10.1016/j.cretres.2005.11.007. 2006CrRes..27..168H .
  7. Z.-H.. Qin. D.-P.. Xi. B.-D.. Choi. Y.-Q.. Ye. X.-Q.. Wan. 2021. Lowermost occurrence of ostracod Cypridea species in East Asia and implications for the non-marine Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary. Palaeoworld. 30. 1. 148–168. 10.1016/j.palwor.2020.04.003.
  8. Yabumoto. Y.. Yang. S.Y.. Kim. T.W.. 2006. Early Cretaceous freshwater fishes from Japan and Korea. Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea. 22. 1. 119–132.
  9. Kim . D. H. . Lee . Y.-N. . Ko . H. . Park . J.-Y. . Kim . S.-H. . Lee . S. . Jung . S.-H. . Kong . D.-Y. . 2023 . The first adocid turtle in South Korea (Lower Cretaceous) and the early evolution of the Adocidae . Cretaceous Research . 151 . 105665 . 10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105665 . 2023CrRes.15105665K .
  10. Yun . Cheol-Soo . Baek . Kwang-Seok . Jeong . Young-Hyeon . Cretaceous reptilian teeth from the Gyeongsang Basin . Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea . 2007 . 23 . 1 . 27–47.
  11. Lee, Hang-Jae. A New Protosuchian (Archosauria: Crocodyliformes) Skull from the Hasandong Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Hadong, Korea. Master's thesis, Chungnam National University, 2005.
  12. Park, J.-Y.. Lee, S.. Kim, S.-H.. Son, M.. Lee, Y.-N.. A pterosaur wing phalanx from the Lower Cretaceous Hasandong Formation of Hadong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea . 2020. ko:경상남도 하동군 하부 백악기 하산동층에서 산출된 익룡 지골 화석. A pterosaur wing phalanx from the Lower Cretaceous Hasandong Formation of Hadong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea. 56. 1. 77–84. 10.14770/jgsk.2020.56.1.77. 216159474 .
  13. Yun . Chan-Gyu . 2021 . Boreopterid pterosaur fossils from South Korea reconsidered . New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin . 82 . 567–568.
  14. Yun. Chan-Gyu. 2024. Geometric morphometric approach to establish phylogenetic affinities of enigmatic pterosaur specimens from the Lower Cretaceous of South Korea. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae. 20. 1. 77–86. 10.35463/j.apr.2024.01.06. free.
  15. Yang. S.Y.. 2015. Study history and research ethics of the dinosaur, pterosaur and bird tracks from Korea. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea. 51. 2. 127–140. 10.14770/jgsk.2015.51.2.127.
  16. Lim. Jong-Deock. Baek. Kwang-Seok. Yang. Seung Young. 2002. A new record of a pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Korea. Current Science. 82. 10. 1208–1210. 24107042 .
  17. Augustin FJ, Matzke AT, Maisch MW, Pfretzschner HU . New information on Lonchognathosaurus (Pterosauria: Dsungaripteridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of the southern Junggar Basin (NW China) . 2021 . Cretaceous Research . 124 . Article 104808 . 10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104808 . 2021CrRes.12404808A . 233790566 .
  18. Choi . Seung . Lee . Yuong-Nam . 2017-12-01 . A review of vertebrate body fossils from the Korean Peninsula and perspectives . Geosciences Journal . en . 21 . 6 . 867–889 . 10.1007/s12303-017-0040-6 . 2017GescJ..21..867C . 1598-7477.
  19. Chan-gyu Yun . 2020 . A Carcharodontosaurid tooth from the Hasandong Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of South Korea. . Mongolian Geoscientist . 50 . 2–10 . 10.5564/mgs.v50i0.1325 . free .
  20. Lee . Yuong-Nam . New theropod teeth from the Juji Island (Hasandong Formation), Daedo-ri, Hadong County, South Gyeongsang Province . Journal of the Geological Society of Korea . 2007 . 43 . 2 . 151–166.
  21. Lee . Yuong-Nam . Lee . Hang-Jae . The first ornithopod tooth in Korea. . Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea . 2007 . 23 . 213–225.
  22. Lee . Yuong-Nam . Yang . Seong-Young . Park . Eun-Ju . Sauropod dinosaur remains from the Gyeongsang Supergroup, Korea. . Paleontological Society of Korea Special Publication . 1997 . 2 . 103–114.
  23. Park . Eun-Ju . Yang . Seong-Young . Currie . Phillip J. . Early Cretaceous dinosaur teeth of Korea . Paleontological Society of Korea Special Publication . 2000 . 4 . 85–98.
  24. Z. Dong, I. S. Paik, and H. J. Kim. 2001. A preliminary report on a sauropod from the Hasandong Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Korea. In T. Deng, Y. Wang (eds.), Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Chinese Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 41-53.
  25. Lee . Yuong-Nam . 2008-03-01 . The first tyrannosauroid tooth from Korea . Geosciences Journal . en . 12 . 1 . 19–24 . 10.1007/s12303-008-0003-z . 2008GescJ..12...19L . 1598-7477.
  26. Yun . Cheol-Soo . Yang . Seong-Young . Dinosaur eggshells from the Hasandong Formation, Gyeongsang Supergroup, Korea . Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea . 1997 . 13 . 1 . 21~36.
  27. Choi, S.. Kim, H.. Paik, I.. Park, Y.. Jung, H.. Xu, X.. 2023. Turtle eggs from the Lower Cretaceous Hasandong Formation (South Korea) with relict aragonite under significant thermal maturity. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 42 . 4 . e2183866. 10.1080/02724634.2023.2183866. free.
  28. Kim, J.Y.. Pickerill, R.. 2002. Cretaceous Nonmarine Trace Fossils from the Hasandong and Jinju Formations of the Namhae Area, Kyongsangnamdo, Southeast Korea. Ichnos. 9. 1–2. 41–60. 10.1080/10420940190034076.
  29. Lee, Y.-N.. Lee, H.-J.. Lü, J.. Kobayashi, Y.. 2008. New pterosaur tracks from the Hasandong Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Hadong County, South Korea. Cretaceous Research. 29. 2. 345–353. 10.1016/j.cretres.2007.05.004. 2008CrRes..29..345L .
  30. Lee, H.J.. Lee, Y.N.. Fiorillo, A.R.. Lü, J.. 2018. Lizards ran bipedally 110 million years ago. Scientific Reports. 8. 1. 2617. 29449576. 10.1038/s41598-018-20809-z. 2018NatSR...8.2617L . free. 5814403.
  31. Kim. J.-Y.. Paik. I. S.. 1997. Nonmarine Diplocraterion luniforme (Blanckenhorn 1916) from the Hasandong Formation (Cretaceous) of the Jinju area, Korea. Ichnos. 5. 2. 131–138. 10.1080/10420949709386412. 1997Ichno...5..131K .
  32. Kim. Jong-Heon. Nam. Kye-Soo. Lee. Seong-Bok. Jeon. Yeong-Seok. 2016. Fossil Plants from the Early Cretaceous Hasandong Formation of Chilgok Area, Korea. Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society. 37. 5. 295−308. 10.5467/JKESS.2016.37.5.295.

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