Haplogroup S-M230 Explained

S-M230 (S1a1b)
Map:Melanesia S ADN-Y.PNG
Origin-Date:28,000-41,000 years before present
Ancestor:S1a1 (Z42413)[1]
Descendants:S1a1b1 (M254)
Mutations:M230, P202
Members:Ekari 74%

Haplogroup S-M230, also known as S1a1b (and previously as S* or K2b1a4), is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is by far the most numerically significant subclade of Haplogroup S1a (and its sole primary subclade, Haplogroup S-P405).

S-M230 is commonly found among populations of the highlands of Papua New Guinea . It is also found at lower frequencies in adjacent parts of Indonesia and Melanesia.

Distribution

One study has reported finding haplogroup S-M230 in: 52% (16/31) of a sample from the Papua New Guinea (PNG) Highlands; 21% (7/34) of a sample from the Moluccas; 16% (5/31) of a sample from the Papua New Guinea coast; 12.5% (2/16) of a sample of Tolai from New Britain; 10% (3/31) of a sample from Nusa Tenggara, and; 2% (2/89) of a sample from the West New Guinea lowlands/coast.

One subclade, Haplogroup S-M226.1 (S1a1b1d1a; previously S1d) has been found at low frequencies in the Admiralty Islands and along the coast of mainland PNG. .

Phylogenetics

Structure & position within Haplogroup S

See main article: Haplogroup S-B254.

S1a

(Based on the 2017 ISOGG tree,[2] the 2015 ISOGG tree,[3]) the 2008 YCC tree and other published research.)

History

See main article: Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups.

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand)(α)(β)(γ)(δ)(ε)(ζ)(η)YCC 2002 (Longhand)YCC 2005 (Longhand)YCC 2008 (Longhand)YCC 2010r (Longhand)ISOGG 2006ISOGG 2007ISOGG 2008ISOGG 2009ISOGG 2010ISOGG 2011ISOGG 2012
K-M926VIII1U25Eu16H5FK*KKK-------

Research publications

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC tree.

2008 YCC tree

From 2002 to 2008, it was known as Haplogroup K5.

See also

Y-DNA backbone tree

References

Works cited

Sources for conversion tables

Further reading

Phylogenetics

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Browse Articles | European Journal of Human Genetics. www.nature.com. 25 March 2023.
  2. https://isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpS.html International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2017), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2017
  3. http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpS.html International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Haplogroup S-M230".

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