Haplogroup Q-L54 Explained

Q-L54
Origin-Place:	Eurasia
Ancestor:	Q-L53
Descendants:	Q-L330, Q-M3, Q-M971, Q-Z780, Q-L804
Mutations:	L54

Haplogroup Q-L54 is a subclade of Y-DNA haplogroup Q-L53. Q1a3a-L54 is defined by the presence of the L54 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP).

Distribution

Q-L54 has descendants across Western and Central Europe, the North and East of Asia, and the Americas. It includes two of the major pre-Columbian paternal lineages in the Americas: Q-M3 and Q-M971. The boy Anzick-1, who lived 12,600 years ago and was found in the state of Montana, has a Y-chromosome that refers to haplogroup Q-M971 (Q-L54*(xM3)).^{[1] [2] [3]} Q-L54 descendant lines also include two Eurasian paternal lineages, the Central Asian Q-L330 lineage and the Scandinavian Q-L804.^[3] Q-L330 is also found in some men with Romaniote Jewish paternal lines from Greece. Q-L804 is Scandinavian and the TMRCA is just over 3000 years.^[4] Haplogroup Q‐L54 is dominant in two North Siberian populations, the Kets and Selkups, with frequencies of 97.7% and 66.7%, respectively.^[5]

Associated SNP's

Q-L54 is currently defined by the L54 SNP alone.

Subgroups

Current status of the polygenetic tree for Q-L54 is published by Pinotti et al. in the article Y Chromosome Sequences Reveal a Short Beringian Standstill, Rapid Expansion, and early Population structure of Native American Founders. Calibrated phylogeny of Y haplogroup Q-L54.^[6]

• L54
  • Q-L330
  • Q-MPB001 (18.9 kya)
    • Q-CTS1780
    • Q-M930
      • Q-L804
      • Q-M3 (15.0 kya)
        • Q-Y4308
        • Q-M848 (14.9 kya)

The 2013 version of the polygenetic tree for haplogroup Q-L54 made by Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center: Proposed Tree.

• L54
  • M3, L341.2
    • M19
    • M194
    • M199, P106, P292
    • PAGES104, PAGES126
    • PAGES131
    • L663
    • SA01
    • L766, L767
    • L883, L884, L885, L886, L887
    • L888, L889, L890, L891
  • L804, L805
    • L807
  • Z780
    • L191
    • L400, L401
  • L456
  • L568, L569, L570, L571
    • L567
    • L619.1
  • L330, L334
    • L329, L332, L333

See also

• Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Y-DNA Backbone Tree

References

1. M. Rasmussen et al. The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana // Nature. 2014. V. 506. P. 225–229.
2. Jennifer A. Raff & Deborah A. Bolnick. Palaeogenomics: Genetic roots of the first Americans // Nature. 2014. V. 506. P. 162–163.
3. Kivisild . Toomas . The study of human Y chromosome variation through ancient DNA . Human Genetics . Springer Nature . 136 . 5 . 2017-03-04 . 0340-6717 . 10.1007/s00439-017-1773-z . 529–546. 5418327 . 28260210 .
4. Web site: Q-L804 YTree.
5. Karafet . Tatiana M. . Osipova . Ludmila P. . Savina . Olga V. . Hallmark . Brian . Hammer . Michael F. . Siberian genetic diversity reveals complex origins of the Samoyedic-speaking populations . American Journal of Human Biology . Wiley . 30 . 6 . 2018 . 1042-0533 . 10.1002/ajhb.23194 . e23194 . 30408262.
6. Pinotti . Thomaz . Bergström . Anders . Geppert . Maria . Bawn . Matt . Ohasi . Dominique . Shi . Wentao . Lacerda . Daniela R. . Solli . Arne . Norstedt . Jakob . Reed . Kate . Dawtry . Kim . González-Andrade . Fabricio . Paz-y-Miño . Cesar . Revollo . Susana . Cuellar . Cinthia . Jota . Marilza S. . Santos . José E. . Ayub . Qasim . Kivisild . Toomas . Sandoval . José R. . Fujita . Ricardo . Xue . Yali . Roewer . Lutz . Santos . Fabrício R. . Tyler-Smith . Chris . Y Chromosome Sequences Reveal a Short Beringian Standstill, Rapid Expansion, and early Population structure of Native American Founders . Current Biology . Elsevier BV . 2018 . 0960-9822 . 10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.029 . 149–157.e3. 30581024 . 29. 1 . free . 20.500.12727/6107 . free .

External links

• The Y-DNA Haplogroup Q Project