Hantu (supernatural creature) explained

Hantu is the Malay and Indonesian word for spirit or ghost.^[1] In modern usage it generally means spirits of the dead but has also come to refer to any legendary invisible being, such as demons.^[2] In its traditional context the term also referred to animistic nature spirits or ancestral souls.^[3] The word is derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qanitu and Proto-Austronesian *qaNiCu. Cognates in other Austronesian languages include the Micronesian aniti, Lio language nitu, Yami anito, Taivoan alid, Seediq and Atayal utux, Bunun hanitu or hanidu, Polynesian aitu or atua, and Tsou hicu among the Formosan languages.^{[4] [5]} In terms of concept and place in traditional folklore, it is most similar to the Filipino anito.

Types

Aside from generic spirits of the dead, there exist various forms of Hantu including both the benign and malevolent.

• Hantu Air: spirit inhabiting the water
• Hantu Beruk: ape demon^[6]
• Hantu Belian: tiger spirit^[6]
• Hantu Musang: a civet cat spirit that is invoked in a game of possession^[7]
• Hantu Pusaka: grave demon^[8]
• Hantu Raya: great demon.^[6] This hantu is considered the strongest among evil spirits of the jungles of Malaysia, and takes the appearance of its owner.^[9]
• Hantu Rimba: deep-forest demon^[6]
• Hantu Tinggi: tall hantu that is associated with trees^[10]

See also

• Ghosts in Malay culture
• Anito

Notes and References

1. Book: Linguistik Indonesia. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. 45. 9 February 2017. id.
2. Book: Knappert. Jan. Pacific Mythology: An Encyclopedia of Myth and Legend. Aquarian Press. 9781855381339. 61. 9 February 2017. en. 1992.
3. Book: Bane. Theresa. Encyclopedia of Demons in World Religions and Cultures. 2012. McFarland. 9780786488940. 162. 9 February 2017. en.
4. Book: Julian Baldick. Ancient Religions of the Austronesian World: From Australasia to Taiwan. I.B.Tauris. 2013. 3. 9780857733573.
5. Book: Leberecht Funk. Y. Musharbash & G.H. Presterudstuen . Monster Anthropology in Australasia and Beyond. Entanglements between Tao People and Anito on Lanyu Island, Taiwan. Palgrave Macmillan. 2014. 143–159. 9781137448651. 10.1057/9781137448651_9 .
6. Book: Skeat. Walter William. Malay Magic: An Introduction To The Folklore And Popular Religion Of The Malay Peninsula. 1965. Psychology Press. 9780714620268. 104. 9 February 2017. en.
7. Brewster. Paul G.. The Malayan Hantu Musang and Other Possession Games of Indonesia and Indochina. Oriens. 1 January 1958. 11. 1/2. 162–176. 10.2307/1578932. 1578932.
8. Book: Daniels. Kimberly. The Demon Dictionary. 2013. Charisma Media. 9781621363002. 151. 9 February 2017. en.
9. Web site: Tajudin. Haji Zain. Lyman. Thomas A.. The Hantu Raya: a Malay Demon. The Siamese Heritage Protection Program. 9 February 2017.
10. Book: McHugh . James Noel . Hantu Hantu: An Account of Ghost Belief in Modern Malaya . 1959 . D. Moore . 123 . 4 October 2021 . en.