National intranet explained

A national intranet is an Internet Protocol-based walled garden network maintained by a nation state as a national substitute for the global Internet, with the aim of controlling and monitoring the communications of its inhabitants, as well as restricting their access to outside media.[1] Other names have been used, such as the use of the term halal internet in Islamic countries.

Such networks generally come with access to state-controlled media and national alternatives to foreign-run Internet services: search engines, web-based email, and so forth.[2]

List of countries with national intranets

Myanmar

Myanmar before 2011, while it was ruled by a military junta, used to have a separate intranet for domestic use called Myanmar Wide Web.[3]

Cuba

Cuba has its own state-controlled intranet called national web.[4] [5] [6] [7]

North Korea

See also: Kwangmyong (network). North Korea's Kwangmyong network, dating back to 2000, is the best-known of this type of network. Cuba and Myanmar also use a similar network system that is separated from the rest of the Internet.[8] The network uses domain names under the .kp top-level domain that are not accessible from the global Internet.[9] As of 2016 the network uses IPv4 addresses reserved for private networks in the 10.0.0.0/8 range.

Russia

In 2020 Russia tested internal internet known as RuNet (Internet in the Russian Federation).[10]

China

See also: Great Firewall. A primary insight flows from our research and it pertains to the stability of China’s internet: the internet in China is a walled garden in terms of structure yet at the same time dependent upon Western Europe and the United States for foreign connectivity.[11] [12] [13] Put plainly, in terms of resilience, China could effectively withdraw from the global public internet and maintain domestic connectivity (essentially having an intranet).[14] [15] [16] This means the rest of the world could be restricted from connecting into China, and vice versa for external connections for Chinese businesses/users.[17] [18] [19]

Iran

See also: Internet censorship in Iran and National Information Network. The National Information Network of Iran works like the Great Firewall of China.[20] [21] [22] In April 2011, a senior Iranian official, Ali Agha-Mohammadi announced government plans to launch its own halal internet, which would conform to Islamic values and provide appropriate services.[23] Creating such a network, similar to the North Korean example, would prevent unwanted information from outside Iran getting into the closed system.[8] The Iranian walled garden would have its own localized email service and search engine.[24]

See also

Notes and References

  1. News: The Great Firewall of China. en. Bloomberg.com. 2021-02-21.
  2. Web site: 2016-11-29. Putin brings China's Great Firewall to Russia in cybersecurity pact. 2021-02-21. the Guardian. en.
  3. Book: Deibert. Ronald. Access Denied: The Practice and Policy of Global Internet Filtering. Palfrey. John. Rohozinski. Rafal. Zittrain. Jonathan. 2008-01-25. MIT Press. 978-0-262-29072-2. en.
  4. News: Scola. Nancy. Wait, Cuba has its own Internet?. en-US. Washington Post. 2021-03-20. 0190-8286.
  5. Web site: Cuba - The World Factbook. 2021-03-20. www.cia.gov.
  6. News: More Cubans have local intranet, mobile phones. Reuters. 2021-03-20.
  7. Web site: Harrison Jacobs. Sep 6, 2018. Is there internet in Cuba?. 2021-03-20. Business Insider. en-US.
  8. Web site: Christopher Rhoads and Farnaz Fassihi. May 28, 2011. Iran Vows to Unplug Internet. Wall Street Journal. 2012-09-24.
  9. Web site: Yle Pohjois-Koreassa: Kurkista suljetun maan omaan tietoverkkoon . Yle in North Korea: Peek into the Network of the Closed Country . Mika . Mäkeläinen . . 14 May 2016 . 15 May 2016 . fi.
  10. News: Russia Takes a Big Step Toward Internet Isolation. en-us. Wired. 2021-03-20. 1059-1028.
  11. News: Denyer. Simon. 2016-05-23. China's scary lesson to the world: Censoring the Internet works. en-US. Washington Post. 2021-02-21. 0190-8286.
  12. News: Chao. Loretta. 2010-12-21. 'Father' of China's Great Firewall Shouted Off Own Microblog. en-US. Wall Street Journal. 2021-02-21. 0099-9660.
  13. News: Martina. Paul Carsten, Michael. 2016-04-08. U.S. says China internet censorship a burden for businesses. en. Reuters. 2021-02-21.
  14. Web site: How China's Internet Police Control Speech on the Internet. 2021-02-21. Radio Free Asia. en.
  15. News: Siegel. Rachel. Search result not found: China bans Wikipedia in all languages. en-US. Washington Post. 2021-02-21. 0190-8286.
  16. Web site: 2015-04-14. TLS certificate blunder revisited – whither China Internet Network Information Center?. 2021-02-21. Naked Security. en-US.
  17. Web site: Analysis by Oracle Internet Intelligence Highlights China's Unique Approach to Connecting to the Global Internet. Dave Allen. Oracle. July 19, 2019. 2020-07-30.
  18. News: Mozur. Paul. 2015-09-14. Baidu and CloudFlare Boost Users Over China's Great Firewall (Published 2015). en-US. The New York Times. 2021-02-21. 0362-4331.
  19. Web site: How China's social media users created a new language to beat censorship on COVID-19. 2021-02-21. www.amnesty.org. 6 March 2020 . en.
  20. Web site: Iran To Work With China To Create National Internet System. 2021-02-21. www.rferl.org.
  21. Web site: Refugees. United Nations High Commissioner for. Refworld Freedom on the Net 2018 - Iran. 2021-02-21. Refworld. en.
  22. Web site: What You Need to Know about Internet Censorship in Iran. 2021-02-21. Centre for International Governance Innovation. en.
  23. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/05/iran-clamps-down-internet-use "Iran clamps down on Internet use"
  24. Web site: Iran moving ahead with plans for national intranet. Ryan Paul. Ars Technica. April 10, 2012. 2012-09-24.

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