Prophalangopsidae Explained

The family Prophalangopsidae are insects belonging to the order Orthoptera. They are the only extant members of the superfamily Hagloidea. There is only one extant genus in North America, where they are known as grigs, four genera in Asia, and many extinct genera (see below).

The closest living relatives to the Prophalangopsidae are the family Tettigoniidae (katydids or bush-crickets), but the evolutionary split occurred more than 230 million years ago in the Permian.^{[1] [2]}

The female of the species consumes the wings of the male during mating.^[3]

Haglidae is often used as a synonym of the family,^[4] but is used to refer to a distinct grouping of extinct hagloids by paleontologists.^[5]

Subfamilies and genera

The Orthoptera Species File lists the following:^[6] Archibald, Gu, and Mathewes (2022) removed the genera †Albertoilus and †Palaeorehnia from the family, moving them to a revised †Palaeorehniidae which they considered unplaced as to superfamily.^[7]

• Cyphoderrinae Gorochov 1988
  • Cyphoderris Uhler, 1864 (NW America)
  • Paracyphoderris Storozhenko, 1980 (Siberia)
• Prophalangopsinae Kirby, 1906
  • Aboilomimus Gorochov, 2001 (China)
  • Prophalangopsis Walker, 1871 (Indian subcontinent)
  • Tarragoilus Gorochov, 2001 (China)
  • †Jurassobatea Zeuner, 1937 Solnhofen Limestone, Germany, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
  • †Mesoprophalangopsis Hong, 1986 Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
  • †Zalmonites Handlirsch, 1906 Green Series, Germany, Early Jurassic (Toarcian)
• †Aboilinae Martynov 1925
  • †Aboilus Martynov, 1925
  • †Allaboilus Ren & Meng, 2006
  • †Angustaboilus Li, Ren & Meng, 2007
  • †Apsataboilus Gorochov, 1990
  • †Bacharaboilus Gorochov, 1988
  • †Baissaboilus Gorochov, 1996
  • †Brunneus Hong, 1983
  • †Circulaboilus Li, Ren & Wang, 2007
  • †Flexaboilus Li, Ren & Meng, 2007
  • †Furcaboilus Li, Ren & Wang, 2007
  • †Karatailus Gorochov, 1996
  • †Notohagla Johns, 1996
  • †Novaboilus Li, Ren & Meng, 2007
  • †Pamphagopsis Martynov, 1925
  • †Procyrtophyllites Zeuner, 1935
  • †Prophalangopseides Sharov, 1968
  • †Pseudohagla Sharov, 1962
  • †Pycnophlebia Deichmuller, 1886
  • †Sigmaboilus Fang, Zhang, Wang & Zhang, 2007
  • †Sunoprophalangopsis Hong, 1982
  • †Tettaboilus Gorochov, 1988
  • †Utanaboilus Gorochov, 1990
• †Chifengiinae Hong, 1982
  • †Aenigmoilus Gorochov, Jarzembowski & Coram, 2006
  • †Aethehagla Meng & Ren, 2006
  • †Ashanga Zherikhin, 1985
  • †Ashangopsis Lin, Huang & Nel, 2008
  • †Chifengia Hong, 1982
  • †Grammohagla Meng & Ren, 2006
  • †Habrohagla Ren, Lu, Guo & Ji, 1995
  • †Hebeihagla Hong, 1982
  • †Parahagla Sharov, 1968
• †Protaboilinae Gorochov 1995
  • †Protaboilus Gorochov, 1988
• †Termitidiinae Zeuner 1939
  • †Agrionidium Westwood, 1854
  • †Mesogryllus Handlirsch, 1906
  • †Pseudaboilus Gorochov, Jarzembowski & Coram, 2006
  • †Termitidium Westwood, 1854
  • †Tettigoilus Gorochov, Jarzembowski & Coram, 2006
  • †Zalmona Giebel, 1856
• †Tettohaglinae Gorochov, 2011
  • †Tettohagla Gorochov, 1996
• undetermined subfamily:
  • †Cratohaglopsis Martins-Neto, 1991
  • †Kevania Martins-Neto, 1991
  • †Sinoprophalangopsis Hong, 1983

Notes and References

1. Web site: Family Prophalangopsidae hump-winged grigs. 31 Dec 2014.
2. Web site: Family Prophalangopsidae (hump-winged grigs) in North America north of Mexico. 31 Dec 2014.
3. The First Time. National Geographic. January 2015. 227. 1. 20.
4. Ower. Geoffrey D.. Judge. Kevin A.. Steiger. Sandra. Caron. Kyle J.. Smith. Rebecca A.. Hunt. John. Sakaluk. Scott K.. August 2013. Multivariate sexual selection on male song structure in wild populations of sagebrush crickets, Cyphoderris strepitans (Orthoptera: Haglidae). Ecology and Evolution. 3. 10. en. 3590–4103. 10.1002/ece3.736. 3797502. 24223293. 2013EcoEv...3.3590O .
5. Gu. Jun-Jie. Yang. Xin. Huang. Rong. Yang. Guijun. Yue. Yanli. Ren. Dong. 2021-04-22. New species and material of Hagloidea (Insecta, Ensifera) from the Yanliao biota of China. ZooKeys. en. 1033. 183–190. 10.3897/zookeys.1033.63571. 33958925. 8084857. 1313-2970. free. 2021ZooK.1033..183G .
6. http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=19 Orthoptera Species File: Prophalangopsidae Kirby, 1906 (retrieved 5 January 2018)
7. Archibald . S. B. . Gu . J.-J. . Mathewes . R. W. . The Palaeorehniidae (Orthoptera, Ensifera, "Zeuneropterinae"), and new taxa from the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America . 2022 . Zootaxa . 5100 . 4 . 559–572 . 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.4.6 . 35391059 .