Sceptridium Explained

Sceptridium is a genus of seedless vascular plants in the family Ophioglossaceae,^[1] closely allied to (and often included as a subgenus^[2] of) the genus Botrychium (the moonworts and grapeferns). It is also closely related to the genus Botrypus (the rattlesnake fern, often treated as the subgenus Osmundopteris under Botrychium). Sceptridium species are commonly called the grape-ferns.

These plants are small with fleshy roots, and reproduce by spores shed into the air. They differ from the moonworts in having at least some sterile fronds (all fronds in Botrychium are spore-bearing), and in the fronds being bi- or tri-pinnate (Botrychium are single pinnate, or rarely bipinnate); and from Botrypus in being evergreen, or at least winter-green (Botrypus are deciduous) and having the non-spore-bearing part of the frond long-stalked (short-stalked in Botrypus).

Phylogeny

Phylogeny of Sceptridium^{[3] [4]}

Species

• S. × argutum Sahashi
• S. atrovirens Sahashi
• S. australe (Brown) Lyon (parsley fern)^{[5] [6]}
• S. biforme (Col.) Lyon (fine-leaved parsley fern)^{[7] [8]}
• S. biternatum (Sav.) Lyon (sparse-lobed grapefern, southern grapefern)^[9]
• S. daucifolium (Wallich ex Hooker & Greville) Lyon
• S. decompositum (von Martius & Gal.) Lyon
• S. dissectum (Spreng.) Lyon (cut-leaved grape-fern)^{[10] [11] [12] [13] [14]}
• S. × elegans Sahashi
• S. formosanum (Tagawa) Holub
• S. japonicum (Prantl) Lyon
• S. javanicum Sahashi
• S. jenmanii (Underwood) Lyon (Alabama grape-fern)^{[15] [16] [17]}
• S. × longistipitatum Sahashi
• S. lunarioides (Michaux) Holub (winter grapefern)^[18]
• S. microphyllum Sahashi
• S. multifidum (Gmelin) Nishida ex Tag. (leather grape-fern)^{[10] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23]}
• S. nipponicum (Makino) Holub
• S. oneidense (Gilbert) Holub (blunt-leaved grape-fern)^{[10] [24] [25]}
• S. × pseudoternatum (Sahashi)
• S. × pulchrum Sahashi
• S. robustum (Rupr.) Lyon
• S. rugulosum (Wagner) Skoda & Holub (ternate grape-fern, St. Lawrence grape fern, rugulose grape fern)^{[10] [26] [27]}
• S. schaffneri (Underwood) Lyon^[28]
• S. × silvicola (Sahashi) Ebihara
• S. subbifoliatum (Brack.) Lyon (island grape-fern)^{[29] [30]}
• S. ternatum (Thunberg) Lyon
• S. triangularifolium Sahashi
• S. underwoodianum (Maxon) Lyon^{[31] [32]}

Notes and References

1. Christenhusz . Maarten J. M. . Zhang. Xian-Chun . Schneider . Harald . 2011 . A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns . Phytotaxa . 19 . 7–54 . 10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2 .
2. http://www.tropicos.org/Name/26610815 subgenus
3. Nitta . Joel H. . Schuettpelz . Eric . Ramírez-Barahona . Santiago . Iwasaki . Wataru . et al. . 2022 . An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life . Frontiers in Plant Science . 13 . 909768. 10.3389/fpls.2022.909768 . 36092417. 9449725. free.
4. Web site: et al. . 2023 . Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL . FTOL v1.5.0 [GenBank release 256] . 17 August 2023.
5. Kelly. Dave. Demography and conservation of Botrychium australe, a peculiar, sparse mycorrhizal fern. New Zealand Journal of Botany. 1994. 32. 4. 393–400. 10.1080/0028825x.1994.10412925. free. 1994NZJB...32..393K .
6. http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Botrychium+australe B. australe
7. http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=17060960-1 B. biforme
8. http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=17220050-1 S. biforme
9. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500272 B. biternatum
10. http://michiganflora.net/genus.aspx?id=Sceptridium
11. Montgomery. James D.. Survivorship and Predation Changes in Five Populations of Botrychium dissectum in Eastern Pennsylvania. American Fern Journal. 1990. 80. 4. 4. 173–182. 10.2307/1547206. 1547206.
12. http://www.tropicos.org/Name/26602173 B. dissectum
13. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200002874 B. dissectum
14. http://www.tropicos.org/Name/26604109?tab=acceptednames B. obliquum
15. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500279 B. jenmanii
16. http://www.tropicos.org/Name/26602175 B. jenmanii
17. http://www.tropicos.org/Name/26602175?tab=synonyms B. alabamense
18. Web site: PteridoPortal - Sceptridium lunarioides . www.pteridoportal.org . 7 October 2020.
19. Mesipuu. Meeli. R. P. Shefferson. T. Kull. Weather and herbivores influence fertility in the endangered fern Botrychium multifidum (S.G. Gmel.) Rupr. Plant Ecology. 2009. 203. 1 . 23–31. 10.1007/s11258-008-9501-3. 2009PlEco.203...23M . 13072960.
20. http://www.tropicos.org/Name/26610816 B. multifidum
21. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500286 B. multifidum
22. http://www.uwgb.edu/biodiversity/herbarium/pteridophytes/botmul01.htm B. multifidum
23. http://wisplants.uwsp.edu/scripts/SearchResults.asp?Genus=Botrychium Botrychium
24. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500287 B. oneidense
25. http://www.tropicos.org/Name/26602184 Botrychium oneidense
26. http://www.tropicos.org/Name/26604473 B. rugulosum
27. https://web.archive.org/web/20100610054315/http://wisplants.uwsp.edu/scripts/Detail.asp?Spcode=BOTRUG B. rugulosum
28. http://www.tropicos.org/Name/26606088 B. schaffneri
29. http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=17061550-1 B. subbifoliatum
30. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=17193 B. subbifoliatum
31. http://www.tropicos.org/Name/26608302 B. underwoodianum
32. http://www.tropicos.org/Name/26619756 S. underwoodianum