Autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine explained

On 5 January 2019, Bartholomew I, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, signed the tomos that officially recognized and established the Orthodox Church of Ukraine and granted it autocephaly (self-governorship). The events immediately leading to the grant of autocephaly were:

Background

See main article: 2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism and 1996 Moscow–Constantinople schism.

See also: Eastern Orthodox Church organization.

The Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople claims to be the foremost leader and international representative of the Eastern Orthodox Church.[3] The Eastern Orthodox Church is geographically divided into several largely independent local churches, each with its own leader (Patriarch, Archbishop, or Metropolitan).

Shortly after Ukraine gained its independence from the USSR, some of its presidents asked the Ecumenical Patriarchate to give Ukraine a church distinct from the Moscow Patriarchate.[4]

Three Eastern Orthodox churches in Ukraine

At the end of the 20th century, three Eastern Orthodox jurisdictions existed in Ukraine:

The UAOC and the UOC-KP were not recognized by other Orthodox churches and were considered schismatic.[13] ROC officials stated that the anathematization of Filaret was "recognized by all the Local Orthodox Churches including the Church of Constantinople".[14] [15] The synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate did indeed recognize, in a July 1992 letter to Patriarch Alexy II, the defrocking of Filaret by the ROC,[8] [16] [17] and the Ecumenical Patriarch recognized the anathemization of Filaret in a letter of April 1997 to Patriarch Alexy II.[18] [19] [20]

On 11 October 2018, the excommunications of the UAOC and the UOC-KP were lifted by the Ecumenical Patriarchate,[21] however the Ecumenical Patriarchate recognized neither the UAOC nor the UOC-KP as legitimate and their leaders were not recognized as primates of their respective churches.[22] [23] As of 15 December 2018, the UAOC and the UOC-KP do not exist anymore and have merged with two metropolitans of the UOC-MP to form the Orthodox Church of Ukraine. The UOC-MP still exists. The UOC-MP has 12,064 active parishes, the UOC-KP had 4,807, and the UAOC had 1,048.[24]

Ecumenical Patriarchate and the ecclesiastical situation in Ukraine

In April 2014, the Ecumenical Patriarch talked about the ecclesiastical problems in Ukraine during his Palm Sunday sermon and said "[t]he Ecumenical Patriarchate recognizes the difficult challenges facing the blessed Ukrainian people today".[25] [26] [27] In February 2015, the Primate of the Canadian Ukrainian Orthodox Church, Metropolitan Yuri (Kalishchuk), during a round table in the Ukrinform agency, declared that "[t]he Patriarchy [of Constantinople] is watching the situation in Ukraine and considers the ideal solution to get the unified Orthodoxy" and "will work on uniting Orthodoxy in Ukraine". He added that the "Constantinople Patriarchate is waiting for the request and guidance from the Ukrainian Orthodox jurisdictions here, but first of all it is waiting for a step from the President of Ukraine".[28] [29]

On 6 June 2015, the UAOC requested to the Ecumenical Patriarchate to receive "[the] Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church to the Ecumenical Patriarchate as a metropoliswith the rights of self-governance".[30] On 24 June, the Holy Synod of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate), held on 24 June in Kyiv issued a statement about the presence of "two bishops of the Constantinople Patriarchate in Ukraine [Bishop [[Daniel (Zelinsky)|Daniel of Pamphilon]] and Bishop Ilarion] and their meeting with Ukrainian clergy". The bishops of the UOC-MP "expressed concern" about [Bishop Daniel of Pamphilon and Bishop Ilarion's] activities in the "canonical territory" of the UOC-MP without consent of the hierarchs of the UOC-MP.[31] On 27 July 2015, the UOC-KP, after its Holy Synod the same day, decided to plan to ask the Ecumenical Patriarch to recognize its autocephalous status.[32]

On 2 February 2016, the Patriarch of Moscow officially declared that "it is important that there is already a common understanding of the need for consensus among all the Churches, excluding any unilateral actions in granting autocephaly."[33] The same day he warned that "the unilateral recognition of the schism [in Ukraine] will unavoidably have [catastrophic consequences] for the unity of the Orthodox Church"; on this occasion, the Ecumenical Patriarch declared: "We all recognize that Metropolitan Onufry is the only canonical head of Orthodoxy in Ukraine."[34]

In June 2016, the 2016 Pan-Orthodox Council was held in Crete. However, a few days before it began, the Russian Orthodox Church refused to participate. Previously the Orthodox churches of Georgia, Bulgaria, and Antioch had also refused to participate. One of the issues cited was the method of proclaiming the autonomy of the Orthodox churches. On 16 June, Ukraine's parliament, the Verkhovna Rada, asked Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople for autocephaly for the Orthodox Church of Ukraine and thus independence from the Russian Orthodox Church. On 11 June, before the adoption of the resolution by the Rada, the Moscow Patriarchate sharply criticized the appeal of the deputies.[35] However, the council in Crete did not consider and did not officially comment on the Ukrainian question.[36] [37]

On 15 December 2017, Filaret in Kyiv met with personal representatives of the Patriarchate of Constantinople: Daniel of Pamphilon (UOC of USA) and Bishop Hilarion (UOC of Canada) and discussed with them issues "of mutual interest".[38] [39]

Situation of the UOC-MP since 2014

Process of granting autocephaly to the Orthodox church in Ukraine

June 2016 request of autocephaly

On 16 June 2016, the Ukrainian parliament successfully voted a resolution to appeal to the Ecumenical Patriarch "to recognize invalid the act in 1686 as the one adopted in violation of the sacred canons of the Orthodox Church", "to take an active part in overcoming the church schism by convening Ukrainian unification council under the auspices of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, which would solve all controversial issues and unite the Ukrainian Orthodox Church", and to grant autocephaly to the Orthodox church in Ukraine.[40] [41] [42] [43] On the same day, the Russian Orthodox Church protested fiercely against this resolution.[44] On 19 July, the Ecumenical Patriarchate said it would create a synodal commission to "examine" the Ukrainian parliament's request to grant autocephaly to Ukraine.[45] [46] On 1 August 2016, Archbishop Job of Telmissos of the Ecumenical Patriarchate declared in an interview given to the Religion Information Service of Ukraine that "Constantinople has always believed that the territory of Ukraine is the canonical territory of the Church of Constantinople."[47]

April 2018 request of autocephaly

On 9 April 2018, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko had a meeting in Istanbul with the Ecumenical Patriarch during which Poroshenko "noted the importance of the introduction of a Single Local Orthodox Church in Ukraine aspired by the Ukrainian people".[48] At that time, an article published on the pro-Moscow anonymous website Union of Orthodox Journalists[49] declared that no relevant progress concerning the question of a local Orthodox church for Ukraine had been made.[50]

On 17 April, Ukrainian President Poroshenko met in Turkey with the Ecumenical Patriarch and made an appeal, supported by various Ukrainian MPs,[51] [52] for the granting of autocephaly to Ukraine;[53] both parties reached an agreement after a 7-hour long negotiation.[54] The full appeal was later published on the official website of the president of Ukraine. The UOC-KP and the UAOC also sent a similar appeal to the Ecumenical Patriarchate in what Poroshenko described as "a rare united move of the two churches [the UOC-KP and the UAOC]".[55] On 18 April, the draft resolution on the support of Poroshenko's appeal was submitted to the Ukrainian parliament, and on 19 April it was adopted.[56] [57] The text of the appeal of the Ukrainian parliament was longer and contained more arguments in favor of Ukraine's autocephaly compared to Poroshenko's appeal. On 20 April, the official request to issue a Tomos of Autocephaly was delivered to the Ecumenical Patriarchate.[58] On the same day, 20 April, the Holy synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate "voted to proceed with taking the necessary steps for granting autocephaly to the Orthodox Christians of Ukraine".[59] On 22 April, the Ecumenical Patriarchate issued an official communiqué declaring that the synod had "examined matters pertaining to the ecclesiastical situation in Ukraine, as done in previous synodal sessions, and having received from ecclesiastical and civil authorities [...] a petition that requests the bestowal of autocephaly, decided to closely communicate and coordinate with its sister Orthodox Churches concerning this matter."[60] [61] The same day, President Poroshenko declared on his official Facebook page that "the Ecumenical Patriarchate had commenced the procedures necessary for granting autocephaly to the Ukrainian Orthodox Church."[62] [63] The agreement assigned the property of Ukrainian churches and monasteries to the autocephalous Ukrainian Orthodox Church.[64]

On 23 June 2018, a delegation of the UOC-MP held talks with Patriarch Bartholomew and other members of the hierarchy of the Ecumenical Patriarchate.[65] [66] The negotiations ended up with neither signed documents nor a joint statement.[67] The goal of these talks were, according to the UOC-MP, "for the purpose of obtaining reliable information from Patriarch Bartholomew himself regarding initiatives for the possible granting of a Tomos for Autocephaly, as well as for the purpose of communicating the position of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church on this issue. The hierarchs also informed the patriarch about the current situation of church life in Ukraine."

On 25 June, the UOC-MP declared it had "heard the message" of Metropolitan Onufry and the permanent members of the Holy Synod of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (MP) on the meeting that took place on 23 June in Istanbul between the delegation of the UOC-MP and the Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew and members of the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. Therefore the hierarchs of the UOC-MP adopted a joint statement in which they "expressed their vision for the further development of the mission of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church in Ukrainian society".[68] The statement concludes that "[t]he current canonical status is quite sufficient for the Ukrainian Orthodox Church to fruitfully carry out its mission among the people of Ukraine".[69] [70] [71]

On 31 August 2018, Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew met with Patriarch Kirill of Moscow to discuss Ukrainian autocephaly, informing him that they "are implementing already this decision" to grant autocephaly.[72]

On 1 September, in Istanbul, a Synaxis of Hierarchs of the Ecumenical Throne began. Patriarch Bartholomew delivered the keynote address to over 100 Hierarchs of the Throne, stating, among other things: "the origin of difficulties and reactions in Ukraine are neither a recent phenomenon nor something created by the Ecumenical Patriarchate. Already from the early 14th century, when the See of the Kyivan Metropolis was moved without the canonical permission of the Mother Church to Moscow, there have been tireless efforts on the part of our Kyivan brothers for independence from ecclesiastical control by the Moscow center. [...] The Tome proclaiming Moscow as a Patriarchate does not include the region of today's Metropolis of Kyiv in the jurisdiction of Moscow. Moreover, [...] the canonical dependence of Kyiv to the Mother Church of Constantinople remained constant and uninterrupted. [...] [S]ince Russia, as the one responsible for the current painful situation in Ukraine, is unable to solve the problem, the Ecumenical Patriarchate assumed the initiative of resolving the problem in accordance with the authority afforded to it by the Sacred Canons and the jurisdictional responsibility over the eparchy of Kyiv, receiving a request to this end by the honorable Ukrainian Government, as well as recurring requests by "Patriarch" Philaret of Kyiv appealing for our adjudication of his case."[73] [74]

On 12 December 2018, 47 Ukrainian MPs, most of them from the Opposition Bloc,[75] [76] [77] had asked the Constitutional Court of Ukraine "to recognize as contradicting the Constitution the Rada's decision supporting the tomos, which they believe violates the principle of separation of state and church". However, on 12 March 2019, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine declined to initiate the case and justified itself saying the issues addressed in the Ukrainian parliament's decision "cannot be considered by the Constitutional Court as they are political, not legal in nature."[78] [79] [80] On 25 April 2019, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine considered the case of religious organizations that wanted to repeal the same 19 April 2018 appeal of the parliament. The Constitutional Court rejected their claim, saying the court had "concluded that it does not have any evidence of administrative jurisdiction."[81] [82]

Ecumenical Patriarch's legates in Ukraine and reactions of the Russian Orthodox Church

On 7 September, the Patriarch of Constantinople announced, on the official websites of the Ecumenical Patriarch Permanent Delegation to the World Council of Churches as well as on the official website of the Ecumentical Patriarchate, that he had appointed Archbishop Daniel (Zelinsky) of Pamphilon and Bishop Hilarion (Rudnyk) as his exarchs and legates in Ukraine.[83] [84] Those appointments were, according to the official announcement on the official website of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, "[w]ithin the framework of the preparations for the granting of autocephaly to the Orthodox Church in Ukraine". Daniel of Pamphlion and Hilarion had already been sent by the Ecumenical Patriarchate to Ukraine in 2015 which at the time led to an official protest by the UOC-MP.

The same day, the chairman of the Moscow Patriarchate's Department for External Church Relations, Metropolitan Hilarion, gave an interview to Russia 24 TV channel about the appointment of the two exarchs. In this interview, Hilarion issued his warning that the Russian Orthodox Church will "have no other choice but to break the communion" with the Ecumenical Patriarch if autocephaly is granted to Ukraine. This interview was entirely published on the Moscow Patriarchate's Department for External Church Relations's official website in English the next day.[85]

On 8 September, the synod of the Russian Orthodox Church expressed its "resolute protest against and deep indignation at" the report published a day prior on the appointment of the two hierarchs of the Ecumenical Patriarchate as exarchs of the Patriarchate for Kyiv.[86] The same day, on a social network, Vladimir Legoyda, head of the, commented on the topic and stated that "[t]he appointment by the Patriarch of Constantinople of his episcopal representatives in Ukraine, without agreement with the Patriarch of Moscow [...] and His Beatitude [the] Metropolitan of Kiev [...], is [...] an unprecedentedly gross incursion into the Moscow Patriarchate's canonical territory[.] [...] These actions cannot be left unanswered".[87] [88] The same day, the UOC-MP published an official declaration[89] on its website which states: "[T]he appointment of the two Exarchs is a gross violation of the canonical territory of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church. The decision made by the Constantinopolitan Patriarchate contradicts the 2nd Canon of the Second Ecumenical Council (Constantinople), namely that, without being invited, "Bishops must not leave their own diocese and go over to churches beyond its boundaries"."[90]

September 2018: Russian Orthodox synod's "retaliatory measures" and the aftermath

On 14 September 2018, in response to the appointment of those two exarchs, the Russian Orthodox Church decided to hold "an extraordinary session" to take "retaliatory measures after the appointment by the Patriarchate of Constantinople of its "exarchs" to Kyiv following up the decision of this Church's Synod "to grant autocephalous status to the Orthodox Church in Ukraine."" The synod of the Russian Orthodox Church decided:[91] [92]

A statement was released the same day explaining the situation and the sanctions taken to protest against the Ecumenical Patriarch's behavior.[93] [94] On the same day, Metropolitan Hilarion clarified the situation in an interview published on the official website of the Moscow Patriarchate's Department for External Church Relations. In the interview, Hilarion stated:[95]

On 23 September 2018 Patriarch Bartholomew, during a Divine Liturgy he was celebrating in the Saint Fokas Orthodox church declared that he "had sent a message that Ukraine would receive autocephaly as soon as possible, since it is entitled to it".[96] [97]

11 October 2018 communiqué of the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate

See also: 2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism. On 11 October 2018, after a regular synod, the Patriarchate of Constantinople renewed an earlier decision to move towards granting autocephaly to the Ukrainian Orthodox Church.[98] [99] The synod also withdrew Constantinople's 332-years-old qualified acceptance of the Russian Orthodox Church's canonical jurisdiction over the Ukrainian Church contained in a letter of 1686. The synod also lifted the excommunication of Patriarch Filaret of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate (UOC-KP) and Metropolitan Makariy of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC), and both bishops were "canonically reinstated to their hierarchical or priestly rank, and their faithful [...] restored to communion with the Church".[100] [101]

On the evening of 11 October, the day of the declaration of the Patriarch of Constantinople, Ukraine's president Poroshenko enthusiastically welcomed Constantinople's move,[102] which Poroshenko, prematurely and therefore erroneously, described as the granting of a Tomos of autocephaly (a formal decree of church independence) to the Ukrainian Church. He presented Ukrainian Church independence as part of Ukraine's wider conflict with Russia that involves Russia's 2014 annexation of the Crimea, Russia's military intervention in Ukraine, and Ukraine's desire to integrate with the West by joining the European Union and NATO (which is a perception broadly shared by both sides in the dispute).[103] [104] [105]

On 12 October 2018, the day after the Ecumenical Patriarch's decision, according to the Kremlin website, Russian President Vladimir Putin "held an operational meeting with the permanent members of the Security Council" (the Security Council of Russia) that "discussed issues of the domestic Russian socio-economic agenda and international issues".[106] Ukraine's Euromaidan Press described this as Putin convening "an extraordinary meeting of the National Security and Defense Council, where the "situation of the Russian Orthodox Church in Ukraine" was "discussed", and it added that "This is a revealing slip of the tongue, since to assuage Ukrainians, the UOC-MP has been insisting it is independent of Moscow and in no way the "Russian Church in Ukraine."" Similar accounts were given by the Religious Information Service of Ukraine, quoting Interfax-Religion, Putin's press secretary Dmitry Peskov, and the Kremlin website.[107]

On 12 October 2018, the UOC-KP declared in a communiqué that this decision from the Ecumenical Patriarchate had restored the canonical recognition of the episcopate and clergy of the Kyiv Patriarchate.[108] [109] However, it was later clarified that Filaret was considered by the Ecumenical Patriarchate only as "the former metropolitan of Kyiv",[110] [111] [112] [113] [114] and Makariy as "the former Archbishop of Lviv" and, on 2 November 2018, that the Ecumenical Patriarchate did not recognize either the UAOC nor the UOC-KP as legitimate and that their respective leaders were not recognized as primates of their churches. However, the Ecumenical Patriarchate declared that it recognized the sacraments performed by the UOC-KP and the UAOC as valid.[115] [116] The synod was viewed as a key step towards those two organizations merging into a single church independent from Moscow. The Russian Orthodox Church is linked to 12,000 parishes in Ukraine while the Kyiv Patriarchate and UAOC control about 6,000; however, it is believed that many of the Russian-controlled Ukrainian parishes may defect to the Kyiv organizations.[117] [118]

Break of communion by the Russian Orthodox Church

See main article: 2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism. On 15 October 2018, the Russian Orthodox Church broke communion with the Patriarchate of Constantinople because of the Ecumenical Patriarchate's 11 October 2018 decision.

In an interview given to the BBC on 2 November 2018, Archbishop Job, hierarch of the Church of Constantinople, explained that since the Ecumenical Patriarchate abolished the decision of the 1686 letter on 11 October 2018, the UOC-MP canonically ceased to exist in Ukraine on 11 October 2018.[119] He added that canonically there could be only one church on the territory of Ukraine and that therefore an exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church in Ukraine was "simply uncanonical" and that in Ukraine "there can be no repetition of Estonia's scenario".[120] He also explained that the Ecumenical Patriarchate's decision was urged by the reaction of the Ukrainian Orthodox faithful, who wanted to stay Orthodox but did not want to be part of the UOC-MP, following the annexation of Crimea by Russia and the war in the Donbass.[121]

On 3 November 2018, Ukrainian President Poroshenko, during a visit to Turkey, signed a cooperation agreement with the Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew.[122] According to Poroshenko, this agreement "creates all the conditions for the preparation process for a unification assembly and the process of providing a tomos to be brought into clear correspondence with the canons of the Orthodox Church".[123] This agreement led to protests by hierarchs of the UOC-MP and the ROC.[124] [125] [126] The text of the agreement was later released on 12 March 2019.[127] [128] [129]

29 November 2018 communiqué of the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate

The regular November session of the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate started on 27 November and ended on 29 November, lasting three days.[130] [131] [132]

On 27 November the Ecumenical Patriarchate decided unanimously to dissolve its exarchate of the Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox churches in Western Europe (AROCWE).[133] [134]

The communiqué says the Ecumenical Patriarchate "decided to revoke the patriarchal tomos of 1999 by which it granted pastoral care and administration of orthodox parishes of Russian tradition in Western Europe to His Archbishop-Exarch. [...] Today's decision aims to further strengthen the link of Russian tradition parishes with the mother church of the patriarchate of Constantinople. [...] It is by pastoral concern that the ecumenical patriarchate has decided to integrate and connect parishes to the various holy Metropolises of the ecumenical patriarchate in the countries where they are located. Our Mother Church will continue to ensure and guarantee the preservation of their liturgical and spiritual tradition."[135] [136]

On 29 November, the synod ended.[137] Some like the Religious Information Service of Ukraine had expected the Ecumenical Patriarchate to give the date of the unification council of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine.[138] However, no date was given.

After the end of its synod, the Ecumenical Patriarchate later released, on its official website, an official communiqué. In said communiqué, the Ecumenical Patriarchate announced: 1) that the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate had decided to dissolve the AROCWE, "thereby entrusting its faithful to the Hierarchs of the Ecumenical Throne in Europe", 2) that, in anticipation of the granting of the Tomos of autocephaly to the Orthodox church of Ukraine, the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate had "drafted the Ukrainian Church's Constitutional Charter". On the same day, President Poroshenko said in an official speech to the Ukrainian nation that the date for the unification council for the Ukrainian church would be announced "soon" by the Ecumenical Patriarch.[139] [140]

Unification council

See main article: Unification council of the Orthodox churches of Ukraine. On 15 December 2018, members of the existing Ukrainian Orthodox churches (the UOC-KP, the UAOC and parts of the UOC-MP) voted through their representatives (bishops) to unite into the Orthodox Church of Ukraine on the basis of complete canonical independence. They elected their primate, Epiphanius, and adopted a charter for the Orthodox Church of Ukraine.[141] [142] [143]

Formation of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine and election of Metropolitan Epiphany

See main article: Orthodox Church of Ukraine.

Metropolitan Epiphany of the UOC-KP, who had been chosen on 13 December by the UOC-KP as its only candidate for the unification council between the UOC-KP, the UAOC and the UOC-MP, and was considered as Filaret's right arm,[144] was elected Metropolitan of Ukraine by the unification council on 15 December 2018 after the second round of voting.[145] [146] The unification council also adopted a charter for the newly formed church (Orthodox Church of Ukraine).[141] [142] [143]

In his speech to the faithful after the election, Metropolitan Epiphany thanked President Poroshenko, the Ecumenical Patriarch, Makariy, and the Ukrainian Parliament, as well as Filaret. On Filaret, Epiphany said: "I want to express my gratitude to His Holiness, His Holiness Patriarch Filaret, who is our spiritual mentor and will continue to be honored, helping us, for a lifetime, to jointly build our Single Local Orthodox Church. Thank you, Your Holiness." Epiphany added the doors of his church were "open to everyone".[147]

Epiphany later precised that no weighty decision would be taken by his church as long as he had not received the church's tomos.[148] [149] The Ecumenical Patriarch congratulated and blessed the newly elected Metropolitan on the day of his election and said the newly elected primate was invited to come to Istanbul to celebrate a Liturgy with the Ecumenical Patriarch and receive the Orthodox Church of Ukraine's tomos on 6 January 2019.[150] [151] [152]

Poroshenko also made a speech after Epiphany's election, in which he said the autocephalous church would be "without Putin, without Kirill", but "with God and with Ukraine".[144] [153] He added autocephaly was "part of our state pro-European and pro-Ukrainian strategy". Poroshenko also confirmed his plan to go to Istanbul with the now elected primate of the autocephalous Ukrainian church, on 6 January 2019, to be present when said primate will receive the church's tomos.[154]

On 1 January 2019, Patriarch Bartholomew confirmed his intention to grant the tomos of autocephaly to Metropolitan Epiphany on 6 January 2019, the day of Christmas Eve according to the old Julian Calendar.[155]

Tomos of autocephaly

On 5 January 2019, Patriarch Bartholomew and Metropolitan Epiphanius celebrated a Divine Liturgy in St. George's Cathedral in Istanbul; the tomos was signed thereafter, also in St. George's Cathedral.

The tomos "has come into force from the moment of its signing".[156] The signing of the tomos officially established the autocephalous Orthodox Church of Ukraine.[157] President Poroshenko traveled to Istanbul to attend the signing ceremony.[158] [159] [160]

After the tomos was signed, Patriarch Batholomew made an address to Metropolitan Epiphanius.[161] President Poroshenko[162] and Metropolitan Epiphanius also made speeches.[163] On 6 January, after a Liturgy celebrated by Metropolitan Epiphanius and Patriarch Bartholomew, Patriarch Bartholomew read the tomos of the OCU and then gave it to Metropolitan Epiphanius.[164] [165] President Poroshenko was present during the signing and handing over of the tomos.[166] [167]

On 6 January 2019, Daniel (Zelinsky) of Pamphilon declared his mission in Ukraine as an exarch of the Ecumenical Patriarchate was "the complete proclamation of the tomos and at the same time the unification council. So I'm coming back to my flock in the United States in literally a day."[168]

On 8 January 2019, the tomos was brought back to Istanbul so that all the members of the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate could sign the tomos.[169]

The representative of the press service of the OCU, priest Ivan Sydor, said the tomos was valid after the signature of the Ecumenical Patriarch, "but according to the procedure, there must also be the signatures of those bishops who take part in the synod of the Constantinople Patriarchate." Former press secretary of the UOC-KP,, declared the Ecumenical Patriarch recognized the OCU by signing the tomos of autocephaly and by concelebrating the liturgy with Epiphanius while considering Epiphanius as primate of the OCU.[170] The Ecumenical Patriarchate declared on 8 January 2019 that the tomos was "approved and valid" and that the signing by the whole synod was a "purely technical step", and that "the validity of the tomos as an act of granting autocephaly is not in any way affected". It added that Ukraine had asked for the tomos to be brought to Ukraine for Christmas instead of leaving it in Istanbul for a few days until the whole synod signed it. Doctor in theology of the UOC-MP argued that the tomos would take effect only when all the members of the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate will have signed it.

The tomos was signed by all members of the Holy synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate on 9 January 2019.[171] [172] [173] [174] The tomos, signed by all members of the Holy synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, was brought back to Ukraine on the morning of 10 January 2019.[175] [176] [177] [178]

The tomos was made on a parchment by a famous painter and calligrapher of Mount Athos, hieromonk Lucas from the monastery of Xenophontos.[179]

On 7 February 2019, Metropolitan Anthony of the UOC of the USA declared to President Poroshenko concerning the granting of the tomos: "The entire process was carried out by the Holy Spirit. We believed, but did not expect it to happen so soon. Thank God, you have led this process since last April starting from the visit to Constantinople. [...] This is an incredible and the most important event in the history of the Ukrainian nation. It seemed that it was impossible. You spoke as the great leader of the nation and entered the history of mankind as the man who brought the Tomos to Ukraine. We have been waiting for such a leadership for many years, much more than you."[180]

Events in Ukraine

Transfer of St Andrew's church

On 18 October 2018, the Ukrainian parliament gave approval to give permanent use of the St Andrew's Church in Kyiv to the Patriarch of Constantinople for him to hold "worships, religious ceremonies and processions" in the said church, provided that St Andrew's church is also used as a museum and still belongs to the Ukrainian state.[181] [182] [183] [184] St Andrew's church will also serve, according to an official, as the Ecumenical Patriarchate's embassy in Ukraine.[185] St Andrew's church previous owner was the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church which accepted the transfer.[186] The parliament had to vote on this decision because the church is part of a national heritage site owned by the state.[187] [188] The goal of this vote was, according to the KyivPost, to "speed up the receipt of a tomos (ordinance) – [the] recognition of a local Orthodox church in Ukraine by the global Orthodoxy". Iryna Lutsenko, the representative of the Ukrainian president in parliament, declared the goal of this action was to make a "sign of solidarity with this process [of Ukraine receiving a tomos]" as well as "a symbolic gesture of unity with the Mother-Church [Constantinople]". However, on the same day the Opposition Bloc introduced a motion to repeal the transfer, which meant that the Ukrainian President would not be able to sign the motion to transfer the St Andrew's church until the motion of repeal is reviewed by the Ukrainian parliament.[189] Finally, President Poroshenko signed the law of transfer on 7 November 2018[190] [191] and the law took effect on 10 November 2018.[192] On 28 November 2018, in conformity with the law on religious organizations, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine approved the transfer of the St Andrew's church to the Ecumenical Patriarchate's permanent use.[193]

On the morning of 15 November, four unknown people threw Molotov cocktails at the St Andrew's church (but they didn't explode) and attacked the priest with a spray.[194] [195] On 27 November one of the suspects was arrested.[196]

The first liturgy presided over by members of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in this church took place on 13 December 2018.[197] [198] This liturgy, at which hierarchs of the Ecumenical Patriarchate presided, was condemned by the UOC-MP.[199] [200] On 7 January 2019, bishop Hilarion (Rudnyk) of the Ecumenical Patriarchate celebrated the Christmas liturgy in St. Andrew's church.

Cancellation of the transfer of the Pochayiv Lavra

On 16 November 2018 Ukrinform reported that the Ukrainian Culture Ministry had challenged the legality of the transfer of the Pochayiv Lavra, located in the Ternopil Oblast, to the UOC-MP. The Pochayiv Lavra is a historic site of Ukraine.[201] Only in 2018, the local deputy of the Pochaiv city council found out that Yanukovych's 2003 order on the transfer of the Lavra until 2052 to the UOC-MP (№ 438)[202] was carried out in an unknown way. The police of the Ternopil region opened proceedings in this case.[203] Should the illegality of the transfer be established, the transfer would be cancelled.[204] On 23 November 2018, the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice cancelled the transfer of the Pochayiv Lavra to the UOC-MP.[205] [206] [207] On the next day, the UOC-MP monks of the Pochayiv Lavra clarified that "the commission of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, in response to the complaint from the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine, has cancelled the registration of the contract for the right to use the Assumption Cathedral, the Trinity Cathedral, monastic cells, the bell tower, the bishop's house and the Holy Gates."[208] [209] On 28 November, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine approved the return of the Pochayiv Lavra to the Kremenets-Pochaev State Historical and Architectural Reserve by cancelling the 2003 transfer law which gave the use of the lavra to the UOC-MP and excluded the lavra from the Pochayiv Lavra to the Kremenets-Pochaev State Historical and Architectural Reserve.[210] [211] [212] [213]

Kerch Strait incident

On 27 November, the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada (parliament), Andriy Parubiy, announced that the martial law that had been declared in some regions of Ukraine would not delay the receipt of the tomos of autocephaly and that, if anything, martial law was going to speed up the process of Ukraine receiving its tomos.[214] [215] [216] [217] On 28 November 2018 Ukrainian President Poroshenko declared that the Kerch Strait incident was provoked by Russia in order to force Ukraine to declare martial law and therefore to prevent Ukraine from receiving its tomos of autocephaly.[218] [219]

Laws on the churches' names and transfers

On 15 December, Filaret requested Chairman of the Ukrainian parliament Andriy Parubiy that the bills 5309 and 4128 be voted in parliament.[220] In October 2018, the press secretary of the UOC-KP had already called the Ukrainian Parliament to pass the bill n. 5309.[221] On 19 December 2018, Filaret declared himself in favor of the bill n. 5309.[222]

Bill n. 5309, churches' names

It was expected that on 20 December 2018, the Ukrainian Parliament was going vote a law to force the UOC-MP to change its name (bill n. 5309[223]).[224] [225] This law concerns the name of religious organizations (associations) that are part of a religious organization (association) whose governing center is outside the borders of Ukraine, in a state which, according to the Law of Ukraine, is recognized as carrying out military aggression against Ukraine and/or temporarily occupying part of the territory of Ukraine. On 20 December, the bill was successfully voted,[226] while members of the UOC-MP were holding a protest outside the parliament.[227] Soon after the law was passed, a brawl erupted in the parliament between the deputies.[228] [229] [230]

On 20 December, the UOC-MP called the Ukrainian President to veto the bill.[231] The next day, Epiphany, primate of the OCU, declared his support for this bill.[232] On 22 December, President Poroshenko signed the law 2662-VIII (formerly bill 5309)[233] and said that those changes in the law created "better conditions" for the exercise of freedom of choice of religion "for those who decide which Orthodox jurisdiction to belong to ... Either to the newly created autocephalous Orthodox Church of Ukraine, or to the church that insists on maintaining its connection and dependence on ROC".[234] On 25 December, the UOC-MP said it would appeal to Constitutional Court to invalidate the law of the bill 5309.[235] [236] [237]

The law of the bill 5309 became effective on 27 December 2018. "From now on, the state body for religious affairs – the Department of Religions and Nationalities – must conduct a religious expert examination that determines which religious organizations are subject to this provision. The results of the examination will be published in the official publication Uriadovy Kuryer. Communities have 9 months to change their name and submit relevant documents to public authorities. Otherwise, the statute of the respective religious organization will cease to be in force in the part which defines its full official name."[238]

Judiciary development

On 18 January, 49 members of the Ukrainian Parliament, most of them from the Opposition Bloc and including the party's leader,[239] [240] appealed to the Constitutional Court of Ukraine to repeal the law 2662-VIII (formerly bill 5309).[241] The Minister of Justice of Ukraine declared such an appeal did not prevent the law from having an effect.

On 26 January 2019, the Ukrainian Ministry of Culture published through the official publication Uryadovy Kuryer the list of religious organizations which had to change their charter to be in compliance with the Ukrainian law of the bill 5309.[242] The list included the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate), as well as the True Russian Orthodox Church, the Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church, the Russian Old-Orthodox Church and the Pomorian Old-Orthodox Church. Those five churches "within three months should make amendments to their statutory documents provided under Part 7 Article 12 of the Law "On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Organizations" and submit them for registration as required."[243] [244] "The document gives the parishes and monasteries of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church three months to state in their charter that they belong to a religious organization with a center in a state "that has committed military aggression against Ukraine and temporarily occupied its territory.""[245]

Metropolitan Hilarion, head of the DECR of the Moscow Patriarchate, compared this law to the yellow star the Jews were forced to wear in the Third Reich.

On 18 February 2019, the Culture Ministry of Ukraine declared the activities of a religious organization can be terminated by a court ruling if said organization refused to comply with the law.[246]

In April 2019, Interfax reported, quoting a Facebook post from Vadim Novinsky of the Opposition Bloc, that the had ruled that the forced renaming of the UOC-MP was unconstitutional.[247] [248] Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada Andriy Parubiy said this decision was not final and will be appealed.[249] On 22 April, the District Administrative Court of Kyiv announced it had suspended the renaming of the UOC-MP "until the completion of the proceedings on the merits [of the case]."[250] [251] Andriy Parubiy declared this decision of the court to suspend the law was "absurd" and that "the law has not been repealed, it is in force, it was adopted by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the resolution was suspended, and the law is in force." He added the legal department of the parliament would defend the legality of the law 2662-VIII.[252] [253] [254]

On 20 April 2019, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine opened the proceedings concerning the 18 January appeal of the 49 MPs who want to declare the law 2662-VIII (formerly bill 5309) unconstitutional.[255] [256] [257]

On 22 July 2019, "the Sixth Administrative Court of Appeal held a court hearing on the appeal of the Ministry of Culture against the ruling of the District Administrative Court of Kyiv of April 22, 2019, which satisfied the motion of the Kyiv Metropolis UOC (MP), the website of the Legal Department of the UOC (MP) said."[258]

In December 2019, Yurash, director of the Department of Religious and Nationalities Affairs, said the District Administrative Court of Kyiv had not blocked the law. He said: "This is a misunderstanding [...] There is a submission by 49 deputies to the Constitutional Court demanding to declare this law unconstitutional. The court has not yet ruled. The law can lose its force only after the corresponding decision. But in order to secure a lawsuit by lawyers of the same party who appealed to the Constitutional Court, in the spring an application was filed to ban registration actions" [259] Thereafter, in the same month, the Supreme Court of Ukraine said the UOC-MP could not be forced to be renamed until the question of whether the OCU had its administrative center in Ukraine or in Russia had been set.[260] [261]

On 11 February 2020, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine started reviewing the constitutionality of the law.[262]

Bill n. 4128, churches' transfers

The bill 4128, which concerns churches communities who want to be put under another jurisdiction, was momentarily postponed after the vote of the bill 5309. The bill 4128 was proposed in 2016.[263] [264] President of Parliament, Andriy Parubiy, declared he had asked the Parliamentary Committee on Culture and Spirituality to rewrite the bill 4128 in order for it to be "in accordance with the recommendations and decisions of the European Court of Human Rights".[265] [266]

The new version of the bill, revised by the Committee on Culture and Spirituality, was numbered "4128-d" and was successfully voted on by the Ukrainian parliament on 17 January 2019.[267] [268] [269] [270] On 22 January 2019, Poroshenko promised to sign the law.[271] On 28 January 2019, President Poroshenko signed the law.[272] [273] [274] [275] "According to the law, the state authorities recognize the right of a religious community to change the subordination of religious centers by registering a new edition of the charter or introducing some amendments to the current one. The decision to modify the subordination is made at a general assembly of a religious community. This assembly can be called up by members of this community." On 30 January 2019, the law n. 2673-VIII (formerly bill 4128-d[276]) was published in the Holos Ukrayiny,[277] the law came into force the next day after its publication, on 31 January 2019.[278]

In March 2019, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine declared it refused to open a case on the constitutionality of this law.[279]

Ukrainian MP Volodymyr Yelenskiy declared the law 4128 was in accordance with the 2007 "Svyato-Mykhaylivska Parafiya v. Ukraine" decision of the European Court of Human Rights.[280]

Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) raids

The Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) has carried out raids across the country targeting the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) churches and interrogated priests of the Moscow Patriarchy in November and December 2018, accusing them of being agents of the Russian government.[281] [282] [283] [284] According to Metropolitan Pavel, "There is a pressure on me personally, threats are being heard, all sorts of attacks not only on me, but also on other bishops and priests. For what reason I do not know."[281]

See also

Further reading

External links

Signing ceremony of the tomos:

Handing of the tomos to Metropolitan Epiphanius:

  1. News: Russian Orthodox Church 'rupturing' ties with the Constantinople over Ukraine split. 2018-10-15. The Telegraph. 2019-01-19. en-GB. 0307-1235.
  2. News: Russian Orthodox Church cuts ties with Constantinople. Sherwood. Andrew Roth Harriet. 2018-10-15. The Guardian. 2019-01-19. correspondent. religion. en-GB. 0261-3077.
  3. Web site: Biography – The Ecumenical Patriarch. Ecumenical Patriarchate. 2018-10-17.
  4. Web site: From Kravchuk to Poroshenko: first project of SLC [Single Local Church] is 25 years now]. Vlasov. Andrey. 31 May 2018. spzh.news. 2018-11-21.
  5. Web site: Mikhail Denisenko (former Metropolitan Filaret of Kiev) tries to improve his image through the UN : Russian Orthodox Church.. 3 February 2003. mospat.ru. 2018-10-29. 13 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190413185809/https://mospat.ru/archive/en/2003/02/ne301031/. dead.
  6. Web site: Freeing Ukraine from Spiritual Dependence. Podobied. Pavlo. 8 November 2012. ukrainianweek.com. History of the churches in Ukraine. 2018-10-29.
  7. http://ukrainianweek.com/Politics/221781 After autocephaly
  8. News: Official History of the Defrocking and Anathematization of Philaret Denisenko. Documents of the June 1992, 1994, and 1997 Bishops' Councils of the Russian Orthodox Church. 17 October 2018. OrthoChristian.Com. 2018-11-29.
  9. Web site: To the anniversary of Kharkov Council, or a few words about how M.A. Denisenko was "expelled" from Church. 25 May 2017. spzh.news. 2018-11-21.
  10. Web site: Filaret: A Statehood-oriented Patriarch. Losiev. Ihor. 8 November 2012. ukrainianweek.com. 2018-11-29.
  11. Web site: Ukrainian Orthodox church. encyclopediaofukraine.com. 2019-01-09.
  12. Web site: Statement by the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church concerning the encroachment of the Patriarchate of Constantinople on the canonical territory of the Russian Church. The Russian Orthodox Church. mospat.ru. 2018-10-31. By the decision of the Bishops’ Council of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, which took place on May 27, 1992, in Kharkov, Metropolitan Philaret (Denisenko), for his failure to fulfil the promises he gave on oath at the cross and the Gospel during the previous Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, was removed from the see of Kiev and suspended.
    The Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, by its Resolution of June 11, 1992, confirmed the decision of the Council of Kharkov and deposed Philaret Denisenko depriving him of all ranks of ministry according to the following accusations: ‘Cruel and arrogant attitude to the clergy under his jurisdiction, diktat and blackmail (Tit. 1: 7–8; Apostolic Canon 27; bringing temptation to the community of the faithful by his behaviour and private life (Mt. 18:7; the First Ecumenical Council Canon 3, the Sixth Ecumenical Council Canon 5); perjury (Apostolic Canon 25); public slander and blasphemy against a Bishops’ Council (Second Ecumenical Council Canon 6); exercising divine offices including ordinations in the state of suspension (Apostolic Canon 28); causing a schism in the Church (Double Council Canon 15). All the ordinations administered by Philaret in the state of suspension since May 27, 1992, and the suspensions imposed by him were recognized as invalid.
    In spite of repeated calls to repentance, Philaret Denisenko after his deposition continued his schismatic activity, also within other Local Churches. By the decision of the 1997 Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, he was anathematized..
  13. Web site: BREAKING NEWS: EP reinstates Ukraine's Patriarch Filaret, Archbishop Makariy. Loudaros. Andreas. 11 October 2018. Orthodoxia.info. 2019-01-12.
  14. Web site: Statement by the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church concerning the encroachment of the Patriarchate of Constantinople on the canonical territory of the Russian Church The Russian Orthodox Church. mospat.ru. 2018-10-31. In spite of repeated calls to repentance, Philaret Denisenko after his deposition continued his schismatic activity, also within other Local Churches. By the decision of the 1997 Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, he was anathematized. These decisions were recognized by all the Local Orthodox Churches including the Church of Constantinople..
  15. Web site: Metropolitan Hilarion: Filaret Denisenko was and remains a schismatic The Russian Orthodox Church. mospat.ru. 2018-10-30. For us Filaret was and remains a schismatic. [...] [T]he decision of his excommunication in 1997 was correct in every respect. It was recognized by all Local Churches without any exception, the Patriarchate of Constantinople including..
  16. Web site: https://www.romfea.gr/oikoumeniko-patriarxeio/24406-apokleistiko-otan-o-oikoumenikos-patriarxis-anagnorize-tin-kathairesi-tou-filaretou. el:ΑΠΟΚΛΕΙΣΤΙΚΟ: Όταν ο Οικουμενικός Πατριάρχης αναγνώριζε την καθαίρεση του Φιλάρετου!. 16 October 2018. ROMFEA. el-gr. 2018-12-16.
  17. Web site: Patriarch Bartholomew's 1997 acceptance of anathematization of Philaret Denisenko. 25 October 2018. OrthoChristian.Com. 2019-01-04.
  18. Web site: April 7, 1997 Patriarch Bartholomew's letter taking note of Filaret Denisenko's anathematization. Cazabonne. Emma. 2018-10-26. Orthodoxie.com. en-US. 2019-01-28.
  19. Web site: https://www.romfea.gr/oikoumeniko-patriarxeio/24616-otan-o-oikoumenikos-patriarxis-to-1997-apodexthike-to-anathema-tou-filaretou. el:Όταν ο Οικουμενικός Πατριάρχης το 1997 αποδέχθηκε το ανάθεμα του Φιλαρέτου. 26 October 2018. ROMFEA. el-gr. 2019-01-28.
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  21. Web site: Announcement (11/10/2018). – Announcements – The Ecumenical Patriarchate. patriarchate.org. 2018-10-27. 3) To accept and review the petitions of appeal of Filaret Denisenko, Makariy Maletych and their followers, who found themselves in schism not for dogmatic reasons, in accordance with the canonical prerogatives of the Patriarch of Constantinople to receive such petitions by hierarchs and other clergy from all of the Autocephalous Churches. Thus, the above-mentioned have been canonically reinstated to their hierarchical or priestly rank, and their faithful have been restored to communion with the Church..
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  73. Web site: Archbishop Daniel Participates in Synaxis of Hierarchs of The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. uocofusa.org. 2018-10-29.
  74. Web site: 09/01/18: Synaxis of Hierarchs of the Ecumenical Throne. patriarchate.org. 2018-10-29. From September 1–3, 2018, at the invitation of His All-Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew, a Synaxis of Hierarchs of the Ecumenical Throne gathered from throughout the world at the Church of Holy Trinity in Stavrodromion, Istanbul. This meeting, as previously agreed upon by the venerable hierarchy three years ago, took place at the same location as the last Synaxis..
  75. Web site: https://glavcom.ua/news/pivsotni-nardepiv-zvernulis-do-konstituciynogo-sudu-cherez-tomos-552646.html. uk:Півсотні нардепів звернулись до Конституційного суду через Томос. 12 December 2018. glavcom.ua. uk. 2019-03-13.
  76. Web site: Депутаты обратились в Конституционный суд из-за Томоса. 13 December 2018. spzh.news. en. 2019-03-13.
  77. Web site: КСУ не оскаржуватиме звернення Верховної Ради до Патріарха Варфоломія про надання автокефалії. 14 March 2019. risu.org.ua. 2019-03-14.
  78. Web site: Ukraine's Constitutional Court refuses to consider legality of Rada decision to support autocephaly tomos. 13 March 2019. Interfax-Ukraine. en. 2019-03-13.
  79. Web site: Ukraine's Constitutional Court refuses to consider legality of Rada decision to support autocephaly tomos. 13 March 2019. www.interfax-religion.com. 2019-03-13.
  80. Web site: https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2019/03/12/7209006/. uk:КС відмовився відкрити провадження щодо прохання Ради про томос. 12 March 2019. Українська правда. uk. 2019-03-13.
  81. Web site: Supreme Court rejects claim by religious organizations on voiding Rada resolution on tomos. 26 April 2019. Interfax-Ukraine. 2019-04-26.
  82. Web site: Верховний Суд України закрив справу щодо надання Томосу. 25 April 2019. risu.org.ua. 2019-04-26.
  83. News: Ecumenical Patriarchate sends Legates to Ukraine. 2018-09-07. Ecumenical Patriarchate Permanent Delegation to the World Council of Churches. 2018-10-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20181021025405/https://www.ecupatria.org/2018/09/07/ecumenical-patriarchate-sends-legates-to-ukraine/. 21 October 2018. dead.
  84. Web site: Announcement of the Ecumenical Patriarchate (7th Sep. 2018). ec-patr.org. 2018-10-28.
  85. Web site: Metropolitan Hilarion: Current situation creates a threat of schism for Universal Orthodoxy The Russian Orthodox Church. 8 September 2018. mospat.ru. 2018-10-28.
  86. Web site: Russian Orthodox Church Holy Synod Statement as of September 8, 2018 The Russian Orthodox Church. 8 September 2018. mospat.ru. 2018-10-28.
  87. Web site: Russian Orthodox Church warns about response to appointment by Ecumenical Patriarch of his exarchs in Ukraine. interfax-religion.com. 2018-10-27.
  88. News: Ecumenical Patriarch sends legates to Kiev, begins process of autocephaly. OrthoChristian.Com. 2018-10-27.
  89. Web site: Ukrainian Orthodox Church sees appointment of Constantinople exarchs in Kiev as massive violation of its canonical territory. 7 September 2018. www.interfax-religion.com. 2019-08-01.
  90. Web site: UOC DECR Statement in connection with appointment by Patriarchate of Constantinople of Exarchs in Kyiv. 8 September 2018. vzcz.church.ua. https://web.archive.org/web/20180919011415/https://vzcz.church.ua/en/2018/09/08/uoc-decr-statement-in-connection-with-appointment-by-patriarchate-of-constantinople-of-exarchs-in-kyiv/. 19 September 2018. 2018-10-28.
  91. Web site: MINUTES of the Holy Synod's held on 14 September 2018 The Russian Orthodox Church (MINUTE No. 69). mospat.ru. 2018-10-29.
  92. Web site: JOURNALS of a Meeting of the Holy Synod of the Moscow Patriarchate on September 14, 2018. 14 September 2018. synod.com. 2018-10-29.
  93. Web site: Statement of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church concerning the uncanonical intervention of the Patriarchate of Constantinople in the canonical territory of the Russian Orthodox Church The Russian Orthodox Church. 14 September 2018. mospat.ru. 2018-10-20.
  94. News: Russian Orthodox Church cuts ties with Constantinople over Ukraine. 15 September 2018. BBC News. 2018-10-16.
  95. Web site: Metropolitan Hilarion: The decision to suspend the liturgical mention of the Patriarch of Constantinople does not imply breaking off the Eucharistic communion The Russian Orthodox Church. 14 September 2018. mospat.ru. 2018-10-28.
  96. Web site: Patriarch Bartholomew says he won't back away from his intention to grant autocephaly to Ukrainian Church. risu.org.ua. 2018-10-29.
  97. Web site: Φως Φαναρίου : ΟΙΚΟΥΜΕΝΙΚΟΣ ΠΑΤΡΙΑΡΧΗΣ: "Η ΟΥΚΡΑΝΙΑ ΘΑ ΛΑΒΕΙ ΤΟ ΑΥΤΟΚΕΦΑΛΟ ΔΙΟΤΙ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΔΙΚΑΙΩΜΑ ΤΗΣ". Panagiotisandriopoulos. 2018-09-23. Φως Φαναρίου. 2018-11-28.
  98. News: Ukraine wins approval for historic split from Russian church. Polityuk. Pavel. 11 October 2018. 2018-10-16. Reuters. Dikmen. Yesim.
  99. Web site: Announcement (11/10/2018). – Announcements – The Ecumenical Patriarchate. 11 October 2018. www.patriarchate.org. Ecumenical Patriarchate. 2018-10-12. The Holy Synod discussed in particular and at length the ecclesiastical matter of Ukraine, in the presence of His Excellency Archbishop Daniel of Pamphilon and His Grace Bishop Hilarion of Edmonton, Patriarchal Exarchs to Ukraine, and following extensive deliberations decreed:
    1) To renew the decision already made that the Ecumenical Patriarchate proceed to the granting of Autocephaly to the Church of Ukraine. [...]
    4) To revoke the legal binding of the Synodal Letter of the year 1686 [...].
  100. Web site: Announcement (11/10/2018). – Announcements – The Ecumenical Patriarchate. 11 October 2018. patriarchate.org. 2018-10-30.
  101. News: Constantinople recognizes Kyiv Patriarch Filaret as church bishop. 11 October 2018. Kyiv Post. 2018-10-17. "The Kyiv Patriarchate and the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church are planning to merge with pro-independence bishops of the Moscow Patriarchate into an independent (autocephalous) Ukrainian church, which is expected to get a tomos – a Synod decree recognizing the independence of the Ukrainian church from the Constantinople church. "This decision gives us the opportunity to unite with bishops of the Moscow Patriarchate who are willing (to join)," Filaret said on Oct. 11.".
  102. Web site: Ukraine set for church independence despite Russia's warnings. Daniel McLaughlin. 11 October 2018. The Irish Times. 2018-10-20.
  103. News: Statement by the President of Ukraine regarding the decision of the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate – Official website of the President of Ukraine. 11 October 2018. Official website of the President of Ukraine. 2018-11-03.
  104. Web site: Putin suffers Crimea blowback with Orthodox Church schism. Max Seddon. Roman Olearchyk. 14 October 2018. Financial Times. 2018-10-20. But both sides acknowledge the canonical dispute is a proxy for a wider battle over Kiev's independence from Moscow. ... Speaking in front of Kiev's oldest church on Sunday, Mr Poroshenko cast "autocephaly", or autonomy for the Ukrainian church, as part of Kiev's broader push for integration with the west through EU and Nato membership while withdrawing from agreements with Russia.
  105. Web site: How Geopolitics Are Driving the Biggest Eastern Orthodox Schism in a Millennium. Volodomyr Shuvayev. 19 October 2018. Stratfor. 2018-10-20. Agence France-Presse.
  106. Web site: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/58813. 12 October 2018. kremlin.ru. ru. ru:Совещание с постоянными членами Совета Безопасности. Meeting with permanent members of the Security Council. 2018-10-17. Vladimir Putin held an operational meeting with the permanent members of the Security Council. They discussed issues of the domestic Russian socio-economic agenda and international issues..
  107. Web site: Russian Security Council discusses the situation of Russian Orthodox Church in Ukraine. 14 October 2018. Religious Information Service of Ukraine. 2018-10-17.
  108. Web site: Заява Прес-центру Київської Патріархії про рішення Священного Синоду Константинопольської Матері-Церкви та їхнє значення для Церкви в Україні. 12 October 2018. cerkva.info. 2018-12-01. 25 December 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181225011206/https://www.cerkva.info/posts/zaiava-pres-tsentru-kyivskoi-patriarkhii-shchodo-rishennia-sviashchennoho-synodu-konstantynopolskoi-materi-tserkvy-ta-ikhnie-znachennia-dlia-tserkvy-v-ukraini. dead.
  109. Web site: Kiev Patriarchate declines to implement the Phanar's decision on Filaret. 12 October 2018. spzh.news. 2018-12-01.
  110. Web site: Phanar considers Filaret an ordinary bishop without an episcopal see. 14 October 2018. spzh.news. 2018-10-29.
  111. Web site: ΑΠΟΚΛΕΙΣΤΙΚΟ Βαρθολομαίος σε Ονούφριο: Δεν μπορείτε να έχετε πλέον τον τίτλο Κιέβου. 7 December 2018. ROMFEA. el-gr. 2018-12-08.
  112. Web site: Patriarch Bartholomew explains Metropolitan Onufriy reasons for Ukraine church's autocephaly (Letter). 7 December 2018. unian.info. 2018-12-29.
  113. Web site: Kiev Patriarchate does not exist, never existed - Patriarch Bartholomew. 3 June 2019. www.interfax-religion.com. 2019-06-03.
  114. Web site: Ecumenical Patriarch met the National Union of Journalists of Ukraine. 2019-06-08. Ecumenical Patriarchate Permanent Delegation to the World Council of Churches. en-US. 2019-06-13.
  115. Web site: Exarch: Constantinople recognizes all clergy of KP and UAOC as canonical. 16 October 2018. spzh.news. 2018-12-18.
  116. Web site: Constantinople recognized all clergy of KP and UAOC as canonical—Patriarchal Exarch. 16 October 2018. OrthoChristian.Com. 2018-12-22.
  117. News: Peter. Laurence. Orthodox Church split: Five reasons why it matters. BBC. 17 October 2018. 2018-10-17.
  118. News: New Local Orthodox Church in Ukraine: Explained. 2018-10-27. "Press secretary of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyiv Patriarchate (UOC-KP), Archbishop Yevstratiy (Zorya) says [...] nearly 10 bishops of the Moscow Patriarchate (MP) support the unification process, and it will be clear how many will take part in the unification council in the process of its preparation. Zorya predicts that after receiving a tomos, the majority of those who are now part of the Moscow Patriarchate will join the Ukrainian Church. "According to my forecasts, this will continue for several years and, as a result, at least two-thirds of those who are with the MP will join the Ukrainian church," he said.".
  119. News: Constantinople: Moscow Patriarchate no longer exists in Ukraine. 2 November 2018. Ukrinform. 2018-11-03.
  120. Web site: Archbishop Job (Getcha): There will be no Exarchate of ROC in Ukraine. spzh.news. 2018-11-03.
  121. Web site: UOCKP and UAOC no longer exist, Phanar takes everything into its own hands. spzh.news. 2018-11-12.
  122. Web site: Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew and President Petro Poroshenko Sign Agreement on Cooperation and Coordination – News Releases – The Ecumenical Patriarchate. 4 November 2018. patriarchate.org. 2018-11-07.
  123. News: Poroshenko, Patriarch Bartholomew sign agreement on cooperation. 4 November 2018. Ukrinform. 2018-11-03.
  124. Web site: http://www.interfax-religion.ru/?act=news&div=71163. ru:Интерфакс-Религия: В РПЦ упрекнули Порошенко в нарушении Конституции Украины. interfax-religion.ru. ru. 2018-11-05.
  125. Web site: ROC: Agreement of Poroshenko with Phanar violates Constitution of Ukraine. spzh.news. 2018-11-05.
  126. Web site: UOC hierarch: Agreement with Phanar has neither church nor secular value. 4 November 2018. spzh.news. 2018-11-05.
  127. Web site: https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-society/2657698-opriludnili-tekst-ugodi-miz-ukrainou-ta-vselenskou-patriarhieu.html. uk:Оприлюднили текст угоди між Україною та Вселенською патріархією. 12 March 2019. www.ukrinform.ua. uk. 2019-03-12.
  128. Web site: Оприлюднено текст угоди України зі Вселенським патріархатом. 12 March 2019. espreso.tv. 2019-03-12.
  129. Web site: https://www.president.gov.ua/administration/ugoda-pro-spivrobitnictvo-ta-vzayemodiyu-mizh-ukrayinoyu-ta-482. uk:Угода про співробітництво та взаємодію між Україною та Вселенським Константинопольським Патріархатом. Офіційне інтернет-представництво Президента України. uk. 2019-03-12.
  130. Web site: Communiqué (19/11/2018). – Announcements – The Ecumenical Patriarchate. 19 November 2018. patriarchate.org. 2018-11-19.
  131. News: Tomos for Ukraine: Synod of Ecumenical Patriarchate convenes in Istanbul. 28 November 2018. Ukrainian Independent Information Agency. 2018-11-27.
  132. Web site: Communiqué (29/11/2018).. 29 November 2018. patriarchate.org. 2018-11-29.
  133. News: https://www.romfea.gr/epikairotita-xronika/25371-apokleistiko-to-oikoumeniko-patriarxeio-katirgise-tin-ejarxia-ton-koinotiton-rosikis-paradoseos. el:ΑΠΟΚΛΕΙΣΤΙΚΟ: Το Οικουμενικό Πατριαρχείο κατήργησε την Εξαρχία των Κοινοτήτων Ρωσικής Παραδόσεως. 27 November 2018. ROMFEA. 2018-11-27. el-gr.
  134. News: The Ecumenical Patriarchate has dissolved the Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox Churches in Western Europe. Cazabonne. Emma. 27 November 2018. Orthodoxie.com. 2018-11-27.
  135. News: Ecumenical Patriarchate Communiqué on Orthodox churches of Russian tradition in Western Europe. Cazabonne. Emma. 2018-11-28. Orthodoxie.com. 2018-11-29.
  136. News: IT'S OFFICIAL: ECUMENICAL PATRIARCHATE DISSOLVES RUSSIAN ARCHDIOCESE OF WESTERN EUROPE. 2018-11-29. ORTHODOXY IN DIALOGUE. 2018-12-03.
  137. News: https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-world/2590548-u-stambuli-zakincilosa-zasidanna-sinodu-vselenskogo-patriarhatu.html. 29 November 2018. 2018-11-29. uk. uk:У Стамбулі закінчилося засідання Синоду Вселенського патріархату.
  138. Web site: Tomorrow, the Synod of Constantinople will make formal announcement on the Tomos and make public the date of Unification Council. 28 November 2018. risu.org.ua. 2018-12-01.
  139. News: Date for Orthodox Church's unification council in Ukraine to be announced by Ecumenical Patriarch. 29 November 2018. Ukrainian Independent Information Agency. 2018-11-29.
  140. News: President's address as regards the decision of the Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate on the approval of the Tomos for the Ukrainian church. 29 November 2018. Official website of the President of Ukraine. 2018-12-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20181202125352/https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/zvernennya-prezidenta-shodo-rishennya-sinodu-vselenskogo-pat-51510. 2 December 2018.
  141. Web site: https://www.rbc.ua/ukr/news/poyavilsya-ustav-pravoslavnoy-tserkvi-ukrainy-1544905888.html. ru:Православна церква України буде автокефальною – статут (повний текст документу). 15 December 2018. РБК-Украина. ru. The Orthodox Church of Ukraine will be autocephalous – the charter (full text of the document). 2018-12-30.
  142. Piter234903. 2018-12-15. Statut. Slideshare.net. 31 December 2018. 26 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200726135634/https://www.slideshare.net/Piter234903/statut-125970133?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbc.ua%2Fukr%2Fnews%2Fpoyavilsya-ustav-pravoslavnoy-tserkvi-ukrainy-1544905888.html. dead.
  143. Web site: СМИ обнародовали проект устава ПЦУ, принятый на "объединительном Соборе". 16 December 2018. spzh.news. 2018-12-30.
  144. Web site: Bishop Epiphaniy (Dumenko) elected Primate of the Orthodox Church in Ukraine. Cazabonne. Emma. 2018-12-15. Orthodoxie.com. 2018-12-15.
  145. Web site: Metropolitan Epifaniy (Dumenko) becomes Primate of One Local Orthodox Church of Ukraine. 15 December 2018. risu.org.ua. 2018-12-15.
  146. Web site: Metropolitan Epiphany of 'Kiev Patriarchate' elected as leader of "local Orthodox church" in Ukraine. 15 December 2018. interfax-religion.com. 2018-12-15.
  147. Web site: Church Primate Epifaniy: doors of our Church are open to everyone. 15 December 2018. risu.org.ua. 2018-12-29.
  148. Web site: https://www.unian.net/society/10378893-predstoyatel-edinoy-upc-epifaniy-rasskazal-o-statuse-filareta-i-glavnom-sobore-novoy-cerkvi.html. 16 December 2018. Ukrainian Independent Information Agency. ru. ru:Предстоятель единой УПЦ Епифаний рассказал о статусе Филарета и главном соборе новой церкви. 2018-12-16.
  149. Web site: Epifaniy's rep: After receipt of Tomos, OCU Synod to set up governing bodies. 28 December 2018. risu.org.ua. 2019-01-01.
  150. News: Варфоломій благословив Епіфанія та запросив за томосом у Стамбул. 2018-12-15. BBC News Україна. 2018-12-15.
  151. Web site: Ecumenical Patriarchate. facebook.com. 2018-12-16.
  152. Web site: Communiqué (25 [''sic'']/12/2018). – Announcements – The Ecumenical Patriarchate]. patriarchate.org. 2018-12-16.
  153. Web site: Speech by the President on the results of the All-Ukrainian Orthodox Unity Council. 15 December 2018. Official website of the President of Ukraine. https://web.archive.org/web/20181223155924/https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/vistup-prezidenta-za-rezultatami-vseukrayinskogo-pravoslavno-52050. 23 December 2018. 2018-12-23.
  154. Web site: Poroshenko to travel with Metropolitan Epiphany to collect Constantinople's tomos in person. 15 December 2018. interfax-religion.com. 2018-12-15.
  155. Web site: At New Year ceremony, Patriarch Bartholomew confirms his intention to give Tomos before Christmas. 2 January 2019. risu.org.ua. 2019-01-03.
  156. Web site: Patriarch Bartholomew signs Tomos of autocephaly of Orthodox Church of Ukraine. 5 January 2019. risu.org.ua. 2019-01-05.
  157. News: L'Église d'Ukraine officiellement créée par le patriarche Bartholomée. La-Croix.com. 2019-01-05. La Croix. fr. The church of Ukraine officially created by Patriarch Bartholomew. 2019-01-05.
  158. Web site: https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-polytics/2613931-prezident-ukraini-pribuv-u-stambul.html. uk:Президент України прибув у Стамбул. 5 January 2019. ukrinform.ua. uk. President of Ukraine arrived in Istanbul. 2019-01-05.
  159. Web site: President took part in the solemn handing over of the Tomos of autocephaly of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church in Istanbul. 6 January 2019. Official website of the President of Ukraine. https://web.archive.org/web/20190106234633/https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/prezident-u-stambuli-vzyav-uchast-v-urochistomu-vruchenni-to-52382. 6 January 2019. 2019-01-06.
  160. Web site: Petro Poroshenko at the ceremony of signing the Tomos: At last, God has bestowed the Orthodox Church of Ukraine upon us. 5 January 2019. Official website of the President of Ukraine. https://web.archive.org/web/20190105141608/https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/nareshti-gospod-poslav-nam-pravoslavnu-cerkvu-ukrayini-petro-52358. 5 January 2019. 2019-01-05.
  161. Web site: Patriarch Bartholomew: "Prince Vladimir and Saint Olga are present in spirit and prayer, sharing our joy and pleasure". 5 January 2019. risu.org.ua. 2019-01-05.
  162. Web site: Серед 15 зірок автокефальних православних Церков з'явилася українська зірочка!, – Петро Порошенко. 5 January 2019. risu.org.ua. Among the 15 stars of the Autocephalous Orthodox Churches there was a Ukrainian star ! – Petro Poroshenko. 2019-01-05.
  163. Web site: Metropolitan Epifaniy thanked Patriarch Bartholomew for signing the Tomos. 5 January 2019. risu.org.ua. 2019-01-05.
  164. Web site: Ukraine receives Tomos officially and forever. 6 January 2019. risu.org.ua. 2019-01-06.
  165. Web site: Ecumenical Patriarch hands tomos of autocephaly over to leader of Orthodox Church of Ukraine (Video, photos). 6 January 2019. unian.info. 2019-01-06.
  166. Web site: President took part in the solemn handing over of the Tomos of autocephaly of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church in Istanbul. 6 January 2019. Official website of the President of Ukraine. 2019-01-07.
  167. Web site: Petro Poroshenko at the ceremony of signing the Tomos: At last, God has bestowed the Orthodox Church of Ukraine upon us. 5 January 2019. Official website of the President of Ukraine. 2019-01-07.
  168. Web site: Православна Церква України не буде залежною від Константинополя – архієпископ Даниїл Памфілійський. 2019-01-06. Прямий Онлайн. 2019-01-09.
  169. News: Що з підписами під томосом і чому його повертають до Стамбула. 2019-01-08. BBC News Україна. 2019-01-09.
  170. Web site: https://zik.ua/news/2019/01/09/v_ptsu_poyasnyly_chomu_tomos_shche_raz_povertavsya_u_stambul_1484681. uk:В ПЦУ пояснили, чому томос ще раз повертався у Стамбул. 9 January 2019. zik.ua. uk. 2019-01-09. 9 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190109191520/https://zik.ua/news/2019/01/09/v_ptsu_poyasnyly_chomu_tomos_shche_raz_povertavsya_u_stambul_1484681. dead.
  171. Web site: Archbishop: Members of Ecumenical Patriarchate's Synod sign public copy of tomos for Ukraine. 2019-01-09. Kyiv Post. 2019-01-09.
  172. Web site: Ukrainian Tomos signed by all members of Holy Synod of Ecumenical Patriarchate. 9 January 2019. risu.org.ua. 2019-01-09.
  173. Web site: Tomos for Ukraine Church signed by all members of Constantinople Synod. 9 January 2019. unian.info. 2019-01-09.
  174. Web site: Φως Φαναρίου : Η ΥΠΟΓΡΑΦΗ ΤΟΥ ΤΟΜΟΥ ΤΗΣ ΑΥΤΟΚΕΦΑΛΙΑΣ ΤΗΣ ΟΥΚΡΑΝΙΑΣ ΑΠΟ ΤΑ ΜΕΛΗ ΤΗΣ ΑΓΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΙΕΡΑΣ ΣΥΝΟΔΟΥ. Panagiotisandriopoulos. 2019-01-09. Φως Φαναρίου. 2019-01-11.
  175. Web site: Tomos returns to Ukraine, brought to Rivne – Poroshenko. 10 January 2019. Interfax-Ukraine. 2019-01-11.
  176. Web site: Tomos returns from Istanbul to Ukraine. 10 January 2019. interfax-religion.com. 2019-01-11.
  177. Web site: https://www.unn.com.ua/uk/news/1772657-tomos-povernuvsya-v-ukrayinu. uk:Томос повернувся в Україну. Інформаційне агентство Українські Національні Новини (УНН). Всі онлайн новини дня в Україні за сьогодні – найсвіжіші, останні, головні.. uk. 2019-01-11.
  178. Web site: Подписанный представителями Вселенского патриархата томос вернули в Украину. Ukrayinska Pravda. 2019-01-11.
  179. Web site: Hieromonk Lucas athonite gave the Patriarch the calligraphed parchment with the Tomos for Ukraine. 2019-01-04. † Бигорски манастир. 2019-01-05.
  180. Web site: President met with bishops of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the United States. 7 February 2019. Official website of the President of Ukraine. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20190209232038/https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/prezident-prijnyav-yepiskopiv-ukrayinskoyi-pravoslavnoyi-cer-52974. 9 February 2019. 2019-02-09.
  181. Web site: Офіційний портал Верховної Ради України. w1.c1.rada.gov.ua. 2018-10-27.
  182. News: Poroshenko tables in parliament bill on use of St. Andrew's Church in Kyiv KyivPost. 2018-10-18. Kyiv Post. 2018-10-27.
  183. News: Ukraine's parliament hands over Kyiv-based St. Andrew's Church to Ecumenical Patriarch. 18 October 2018. Ukrainian Independent Information Agency. 2018-10-27.
  184. Web site: Is the Ecumenical Patriarchate Fine with St. Andrew's Church in Kyiv? – Modern Diplomacy. 2018-10-26. moderndiplomacy.eu. 2018-10-27. "Besides, a special agreement will be signed between the Ecumenical Patriarchate and the sanctuary complex according to which the church will operate both as a place of worship and a museum (like the Refectory Church of St. Sophia's Monastery where services are held from 8 till 10 am, and later it is open as a museum). [...] The representatives of the world Orthodox leader would reside in a museum – and that, as politicians think, also shouldn't confuse the Phanar. Moreover, the church won't be owned but only used by Constantinople.".
  185. News: Representation of Ecumenical Patriarchate in Ukraine to perform functions of embassy. 5 November 2018. Ukrinform. 2018-11-05.
  186. Web site: UAOC leader: I can be deceived once, twice, but it'll no longer work. spzh.news. 2018-10-30. "Also, Makariy Maletich noted that he had acted consistently in the matter of transferring St. Andrew's Church to the Constantinople Patriarchate unlike President Petro Poroshenko, who on the eve stressed that the temples belong to the state and will not be transferred to anyone.
    "I replied that I personally agreed, but I will gather the bishops, because it's not solely I who makes decisions," explained the "metropolitan". "We give it away, but you have to give us something in return.<...> There is a church of St. Cyril, there is a reserve, there is a church of the Savior on Berestov – here we go. And in the ZIK program, the president said he'd promised to make it up for both Filaret and Makariy, but it will be one church to get by. So, one has to be consistent. I can be deceived once, twice, but it will not work anymore."
    "Moscow (temples – Ed.) won't be transferred, whereas the only cathedral of the UAOC can be. Such justice we have, complained Makariy. " Filaret also has monasteries, churches, serves in Little Sofia. So the president is not acting in good faith, even though I praised him."".
  187. Web site: Is the Ecumenical Patriarchate Fine with St. Andrew's Church in Kyiv? – Modern Diplomacy. 2018-10-26. moderndiplomacy.eu. 2018-10-27. "Now it is the cathedral of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC), but it's a state property and part of the Sophia of Kyiv National Sanctuary. That is why the decision to hand over the church was reviewed by members of Parliament. [...] Obviously, the UAOC's consent was also obtained. Its primate Metropolitan Makarios said that if the UAOC was part of the new Local Orthodox Church he agreed to give his cathedral to the Exarch of Constantinople.".
  188. Web site: Filaret on who will own Church property after Tomos granted. spzh.news. 2018-10-27. ""The property belongs to the communities as the property of religious communities, and the property belongs to the state, which gives churches, temples, monasteries, lavras for use," says the head of the Kiev Patriarchate.".
  189. Web site: A bill on repeal of transfer of Andrew's Church to Phanar submitted to Rada. 18 October 2018. spzh.news. 2018-11-04.
  190. News: http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2598-viii. Законодавство України. 2018-11-12. uk. uk:Про особливості користування Андріївською церквою Національного заповідника "Софія Київська".
  191. News: Poroshenko signs law on granting of use of St. Andrew's Church by Ecumenical Patriarchate KyivPost. 2018-11-07. Kyiv Post. 2018-11-12.
  192. News: Ukraine transfers noted church to Constantinople patriarch. 2018-11-10. The Seattle Times. 2018-11-29.
  193. News: Cabinet Passes St Andrew's Church in Kyiv into Permanent Use By Ecumenical Patriarchate. 28 November 2018. ukranews.com. 2018-11-28.
  194. News: Petrol bombs lobbed at Kiev church as Russia row festers. Polityuk. Pavel. 15 November 2018. Reuters. 2018-11-19.
  195. News: Russian-backed Orthodox Church faces pressure from Kiev and splits within. Carroll. Oliver. 18 November 2018. The Independent. 2018-11-19.
  196. News: Задержан один из поджигателей Андреевской церкви. 28 November 2018. Комментарии.ua: Киев. 2018-11-28.
  197. Web site: First Hierarchical Liturgy of Patriarchal Stauropegia held at St. Andrew's Church in Kyiv (live video). 13 December 2018. kiev.unian.info. 2018-12-13.
  198. Web site: First Hierarchical Liturgy of Patriarchal Stauropegia to be held at St Andrew's Church in Kyiv. 12 December 2018. risu.org.ua. 2018-12-12.
  199. Web site: Ukrainian Orthodox Church protests over service performed by Constantinople rep in Kiev. 13 December 2018. interfax-religion.com. 2018-12-15.
  200. Web site: DECR UOC commentary regarding fact that Patriarchate of Constantinople hierarch is ministering on Ukrainian Orthodox Church canonical territory – Department for External Church Relations of the UOC. 13 December 2018. vzcz.church.ua. 2018-12-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20181219122948/http://vzcz.church.ua/en/2018/12/13/decr-uoc-commentary-regarding-fact-that-patriarchate-of-constantinople-hierarch-is-ministering-on-ukrainian-orthodox-church-canonical-territory/. 19 December 2018. dead.
  201. Web site: Ukraine Historic Sites – TripAdvisor. tripadvisor.com. 2018-11-24.
  202. News: http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/438-2003-%D1%80 . uk:Про виключення із складу Кременецько-Почаївського державного історико-архітектурного заповідника споруд Почаївської Свято-Успенської лаври. Законодавство України. 2018-12-01. uk.
  203. Web site: Полиция начала расследование по факту передачи Почаевской лавры УПЦ МП. 16 November 2018. Credo.press. 2018-11-22. 22 November 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181122215927/https://credo.press/220908/. dead.
  204. News: Culture Ministry challenges transfer of Pochayiv Lavra to UOC-MP. 16 November 2018. Ukrinform. 2018-11-18.
  205. Web site: Ministry of Justice cancels the transfer of Pochaev Lavra to UOC. 23 November 2018. spzh.news. 2018-11-24.
  206. Web site: Ministry of Justice repeals the illegal re-registration of the Pochayiv Lavra complex. 24 November 2018. risu.org.ua. 2018-11-28.
  207. Web site: https://minjust.gov.ua/news/ministry/olena-sukmanova-antireyderska-komisiya-skasuvala-nezakonnu-perereestratsiyu-kompleksu-sporud-svyato-uspenskoi-pochaivskoi-lavri . ru:Олена Сукманова: Антирейдерська комісія скасувала незаконну перереєстрацію комплексу споруд Свято-Успенської Почаївської Лаври. 23 November 2018. minjust.gov.ua. Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. ru. 2018-11-24.
  208. Web site: Pochaev Lavra: power chooses to destroy monasticism of western Ukraine. 24 November 2018. spzh.news. 2018-11-24.
  209. Web site: Свято-Успенская Почаевская Лавра – Обращение братии Свято-Успенской Почаевской Лавры. pochaev.org.ua. 2018-11-24. 27 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190127190725/http://www.pochaev.org.ua/?pid=2135. dead.
  210. Web site: Cabinet of Ministry returns Pochaev Lavra to Kremenets-Pochaev Reserve. 28 November 2018. spzh.news. 2018-11-29.
  211. Web site: Pochayiv Lavra returned to Kremenets-Pochayiv Historical Reserve under the Cabinet of Ministers' decision. 28 November 2018. risu.org.ua. 2018-12-01.
  212. News: https://interfax.com.ua/news/general/549014.html . ru:Кабмин вернул в состав Кременецко-Почаевского заповедника сооружения Почаевской лавры. Интерфакс-Украина. 2018-11-29. ru.
  213. Web site: Кабмін повернув Почаївську лавру до складу Кременець-Почаївського заповідника. 28 November 2018. ukranews.com. 2018-12-01.
  214. News: https://hromadske.ua/posts/voyennij-stan-ne-pereshkodit-stvorennyu-pomisnoyi-cerkvi-v-ukrayini-golova-radi. 27 November 2018. hromadske.ua. 2018-12-01. uk. uk:Воєнний стан не перешкодить створенню помісної церкви в Україні — голова Ради.
  215. Web site: Verkhovna Rada Speaker: Martial law not to prevent establishment of Ukrainian Local Orthodox Church. 28 November 2018. risu.org.ua. 2018-12-01.
  216. News: Ukrainian Parliament Promises Martial Law Will not be an Obstacle to the 'Unification Council'. Cazabonne. Emma. 2018-11-30. Orthodoxie.com. 2018-12-01.
  217. Web site: Интерфакс-Религия: Спикер Рады обещает, что военное положение не станет препятствием к проведению собора для создания поместной церкви. 27 November 2018. interfax-religion.ru. 2018-12-01.
  218. News: Poroshenko explains timing of Russia's attack on Ukrainian ships near Kerch Strait. 28 November 2018. Ukrainian Independent Information Agency. 2018-11-28.
  219. Web site: Порошенко сказав, чому Путін напав в Керченській протоці саме зараз. 28 November 2018. espreso.tv. 2018-11-28.
  220. Web site: Une première loi discriminatoire à l'égard de l'Église orthodoxe d'Ukraine a été votée hier par le Parlement ukrainien. Panev. Jivko. 2018-12-21. Orthodoxie.com. fr-FR. 2018-12-22.
  221. Web site: Zoria: We ask Ukrainian power to adopt bill #5309. 29 October 2018. spzh.news. 2018-12-19.
  222. Web site: Владика Філарет пропонує парламенту узаконити лише одну Українську Православну Церкву. 19 December 2018. risu.org.ua. 2018-12-19.
  223. Web site: Проект Постанови про прийняття за основу проекту Закону України про внесення змін до Закону України "Про свободу совісті та релігійні організації" щодо назви релігійних організацій (об'єднань), які входять до структури (є частиною) релігійної організації (об'єднання), керівний центр (управління) якої знаходиться за межами України в державі, яка законом визнана такою, що здійснила військову агресію проти України та/або тимчасово окупувала частину території України. w1.c1.rada.gov.ua. 2018-12-19.
  224. Web site: Poroshenko Bloc suggests creating working group to draft church bills. 18 December 2018. interfax-religion.com. 2018-12-19.
  225. Web site: Рада может рассмотреть в четверг законопроект о переименовании УПЦ МП. 17 December 2018. LB.ua. 2018-12-19.
  226. Web site: ROC in Ukraine: Ukrainian parliament passes bill on the name of Moscow Patriarchate. 20 December 2018. risu.org.ua. 2018-12-20.
  227. Web site: УПЦ МП під Радою організувала протест проти прийняття релігійних законопроектів. 20 December 2018. risu.org.ua. 2018-12-20.
  228. Web site: После голосования за антицерковный законопроект в Раде возникла потасовка. 20 December 2018. spzh.news. 2018-12-20.
  229. Web site: Putin Condemns Creation of Independent Ukraine Church. 20 December 2018. VOA. 2018-12-22.
  230. Web site: Order! Order! Brawl Breaks Out During Ukrainian Parliament Session. 21 December 2018. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 2018-12-22.
  231. Web site: UOC-MP urges President to veto law changing its name to ROC in Ukraine. 21 December 2018. risu.org.ua. 2018-12-22.
  232. Web site: "Metropolitan" Epiphany backs the adopted bill on renaming the UOC. 21 December 2018. spzh.news. 2018-12-21.
  233. Web site: Про внесення зміни до статті 12 Закону України "Про свободу совісті та релігійні організації" щодо назви релігійних організацій (об'єднань), які входять до структури (є частиною) релігійної організації (об'єднання), керівний центр (управління) якої знаходиться за межами України в державі, яка законом визнана такою, що здійснила військову агресію проти України та/або тимчасово окупувала частину території України. zakon.rada.gov.ua. 2019-01-30.
  234. Web site: President signed the Law on the name of the religious organization guided by the aggressor state. 22 December 2018. risu.org.ua. 2018-12-22.
  235. Web site: Former UOC-MP to appeal to Constitutional Court due to change of its name. 25 December 2018. unian.info. 2018-12-25.
  236. Web site: UOC-MP set to appeal to Constitutional Court to retain its name. 27 December 2018. risu.org.ua. 2018-12-27.
  237. Web site: Legal Department of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church comments on the adoption of discriminatory bill No. 5309 by Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine The Russian Orthodox Church. 21 December 2018. mospat.ru. 2018-12-27.
  238. Web site: Law on renaming churches becomes effective. 27 December 2018. risu.org.ua. 2018-12-27.
  239. Web site: Justice Ministry: Request to CC doesn't override the law on Church renaming. Palamarchuk. Maksim. 21 January 2019. spzh.news. en. 2019-01-26.
  240. Web site: Group of Ukrainian parliamentarians challenges constitutionality of law obliging Ukrainian Orthodox Church to change its name. 21 January 2019. www.interfax-religion.com. 2019-01-27.
  241. Web site: Нардепы призвали Конституционный Суд отменить закон о переименовании Церкви. 19 January 2019. spzh.news. en. 2019-01-26.
  242. Web site: Перелік релігійних організацій, яким потрібно внести зміни до статуту. 2019-01-26. Uryadovy Kuryer. 2019-01-26.
  243. Web site: Law on renaming UOC-MP to apply to another four churches. 26 January 2019. www.unian.info. en. 2019-01-27.
  244. Web site: Минкульт включил УПЦ в список организаций, обязанных поменять свой устав. 26 January 2019. spzh.news. en. 2019-01-26.
  245. Web site: Metropolitan Hilarion compares law renaming UOC to Jews' yellow stars. 28 January 2019. www.interfax-religion.com. 2019-01-29.
  246. Web site: Court can stop religious organization's activity if it refuses renaming - Ukraine's Culture Ministry. 18 February 2019. www.interfax-religion.com. 2019-02-19.
  247. Web site: Kiev court finds involuntary renaming of canonical Ukrainian Orthodox Church to be unlawful. 8 April 2019. www.interfax-religion.com. 2019-04-08.
  248. Web site: Kyiv court finds involuntary renaming of canonical Ukrainian Orthodox Church to be unlawful. 6 April 2019. Interfax-Ukraine. en. 2019-04-08.
  249. Web site: Parubiy will appeal the court ruling on Speaker's 'unlawful approval' of the bill to rename UOC-MP. 9 April 2019. risu.org.ua. 2019-04-09.
  250. Web site: Kyiv court puts renaming of UOC on hold. 22 April 2019. Interfax-Ukraine. en. 2019-04-22.
  251. Web site: Справа про перейменування Київської Митрополії УПЦ: суд вжив заходи забезпечення позову. 22 April 2019. oask.gov.ua. 2019-04-22.
  252. Web site: Парубій назвав абсурдом рішення суду щодо призупинення перейменування УПЦ МП. 23 April 2019. risu.org.ua. 2019-04-23.
  253. Web site: Law on renaming Ukrainian Orthodox Church still in effect despite court ruling. 23 April 2019. Interfax-Ukraine. 2019-04-23.
  254. Web site: Law on renaming Ukrainian Orthodox Church still in effect despite court ruling - Rada speaker. 23 April 2019. www.interfax-religion.com. 2019-04-27.
  255. Web site: Ukraine's Constitutional Court opens proceedings on renaming former UOC-MP. 20 April 2019. www.unian.info. en. 2019-04-21.
  256. Web site: Конституційний Суд відкрив провадження щодо перейменування УПЦ МП. 20 April 2019. risu.org.ua. 2019-04-21.
  257. Web site: Constitutional Court opens proceedings on law renaming UOC (MP) at request of 49 MPs. 21 April 2019. Interfax-Ukraine. 2019-04-21.
  258. Web site: Court turns down Culture Ministry's appeal on decision to halt renaming of UOC (MP). 24 July 2019. Interfax-Ukraine. en. 2019-07-28.
  259. Web site: Уряд повинен мотивувати Церкви виконувати закон про перейменування, - Юраш. 2019-12-04. risu.org.ua. 2019-12-05.
  260. Web site: La Cour suprême de Kiev a décidé que l'Église orthodoxe d'Ukraine dépendant du métropolite de Kiev Onuphre pourra conserver son appellation actuelle. 2019-12-19. Orthodoxie.com. fr-FR. 2019-12-19.
  261. Web site: Верховный суд Украины оставил в силе приостановку переименования УПЦ. 16 December 2019. www.interfax-religion.ru. 2019-12-19.
  262. Web site: КСУ розглядає конституційність закону про перейменування УПЦ МП. 2020-02-11. risu.org.ua. 2020-02-11.
  263. Web site: https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/tomos-perekhid-hromad-zakon-elenskyi/29703171.html. uk:Переходити до нової церкви буде простіше: деталі від законодавця. 11 January 2019. Радіо Свобода. uk. 2019-01-14.
  264. Web site: Проект Закону про внесення змін до Закону України "Про свободу совісті та релігійні організації" (щодо зміни релігійними громадами підлеглості). w1.c1.rada.gov.ua. 2019-01-18.
  265. Web site: https://interfax.com.ua/news/political/558820.html. ru:Парубий поручил профильному комитету доработать законопроект о смене подчиненности религиозных общин. 15 January 2019. Интерфакс-Украина. ru. 2019-01-15.
  266. Web site: Новий законопроект про перехід релігійних громад Рада може розглянути у четвер, – Парубій. 15 January 2019. risu.org.ua. 2019-01-15.
  267. Web site: Parliament passes bill on church jurisdiction. 17 January 2019. risu.org.ua. 2019-01-19.
  268. Web site: Rada passes bill on transition of communities from one church to another. 17 January 2019. www.interfax-religion.com. 2019-01-25.
  269. Web site: Ukraine's parliament passes draft law on change on denomination to new church. 17 January 2019. www.unian.info. en. 2019-01-17.
  270. Web site: Проект Закону про внесення змін до деяких законів України (щодо підлеглості релігійних організацій та процедури державної реєстрації релігійних організацій зі статусом юридичної особи). w1.c1.rada.gov.ua. 2019-01-17.
  271. Web site: https://interfax.com.ua/news/political/560384.html. ru:Порошенко обещает подписать закон, определяющий механизм смены религиозными общинами подчиненности, в ближайшие дни. 22 January 2019. Интерфакс-Украина. ru. 2019-01-27.
  272. Web site: Poroshenko signs law on transfer of parishes to Orthodox Church of Ukraine. 28 January 2019. www.unian.info. en. 2019-01-29.
  273. Web site: Poroshenko signs law on changing subordination of religious organizations. 28 January 2019. Interfax-Ukraine. en. 2019-01-29.
  274. Web site: Poroshenko signs law on changing subordination of religious orgs. 29 January 2019. www.interfax-religion.com. 2019-01-29.
  275. Web site: https://www.president.gov.ua/news/prezident-pidpisav-zakon-ukrayini-shodo-pidleglosti-ta-proce-52814. 28 January 2019. Офіційне інтернет-представництво Президента України. uk. uk:Президент підписав Закон України щодо підлеглості та процедури державної реєстрації релігійних організацій. https://web.archive.org/web/20190128233152/https://www.president.gov.ua/news/prezident-pidpisav-zakon-ukrayini-shodo-pidleglosti-ta-proce-52814. 28 January 2019. 2019-01-29.
  276. Web site: Про внесення змін до деяких законів України щодо підлеглості релігійних організацій та процедури державної реєстрації релігійних організацій зі статусом юридичної особи. zakon.rada.gov.ua. 2019-01-30.
  277. News: https://gazeta.ua/articles/politics/_opublikuvali-zakon-pro-perehid-iz-rosijskoyi-cerkvi/882826. uk:Опублікували закон про перехід із російської церкви. Gazeta.ua. 2019-01-30. Gazeta.ua. uk. 2019-01-30.
  278. Web site: Ukraine's law on change of denomination to new church comes into force on Jan 31. 31 January 2019. www.unian.info. en. 2019-01-31.
  279. Web site: КС відмовив у оцінці закону про перехід релігійних громад у ПЦУ. 20 March 2019. Ukrayinska Pravda. The CCU refused to evaluate the law on the transition of religious communities to the OCU.
  280. Web site: Ukraine lawmaker: Bill on change of denomination to new church fully complies with ECHR decision. 16 January 2019. www.unian.info. en. 2019-01-16.
  281. News: Ukraine's security service raids home of Russian-backed monastery head . Reuters . 30 November 2018.
  282. News: Ukraine raids Orthodox churches with Russia ties . France 24 . 3 December 2018.
  283. News: Ukraine set to establish new church, secure split from Russia . Al Jazeera . 15 December 2018.
  284. News: As Ukraine and Russia Battle Over Orthodoxy, Schism Looms . The New York Times . 31 December 2018.

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