Graft-chimaera explained

In horticulture, a graft-chimaera may arise in grafting at the point of contact between rootstock and scion and will have properties intermediate between those of its "parents". A graft-chimaera is not a true hybrid but a mixture of cells, each with the genotype of one of its "parents": it is a chimaera. Hence, the once widely used term "graft-hybrid" is not descriptive; it is now frowned upon.

Propagation is by cloning only. In practice graft-chimaeras are not noted for their stability and may easily revert to one of the "parents".

Nomenclature

Article 21 of the ICNCP stipulates that a graft-chimaera can be indicated either by

• a formula: the names of both "parents", in alphabetical order, joined by the plus sign "+":

Crataegus + Mespilus

• a name:
  • if the "parents" belong to different genera a name may be formed by joining part of one generic name to the whole of the other generic name. This name must not be identical to a generic name published under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). For example +Crataegomespilus is the name for the graft-chimaera which may also be indicated by the formula Crataegus + Mespilus. This name is clearly different from ×Crataemespilus, the name under the ICN for the true hybrid between Crataegus and Mespilus, which can also be designated by the formula Crataegus × Mespilus.
  • if both "parents" belong to the same genus the graft-chimaera may be given a cultivar name. For example Syringa 'Correlata' is a graft-chimaera involving Syringa vulgaris (common lilac) and Syringa × chinensis (Rouen lilac, which is itself a hybrid between S. vulgaris and S. persica). No plus sign is used, because both "parents" belong to the genus Syringa.

A graft-chimaera cannot have a species name, because it is simultaneously two species. Although +Laburnocytisus 'Adamii', for example, is sometimes seen written as if it were a species (+Laburnocytisus adamii), this is incorrect.

In Darwin's works

Charles Darwin "The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication", 1868 г.:

I will therefore give all the facts which I have been able to collect on the formation of hybrids between distinct species or varieties, without the intervention of the sexual organs. For if, as I am now convinced, this is possible, it is a most important fact, which will sooner or later change the views held by physiologists with respect to sexual reproduction. A sufficient body of facts will afterwards be adduced, showing that the segregation or separation of the characters of the two parent-forms by bud-variation, as in the case of Cytisus adami, is not an unusual though a striking phenomenon. We shall further see that a whole bud may thus revert, or only half, or some smaller segment.

Genera

The following graft-chimaera genera are accepted:^[1]

• + Arioechinopsis (Ariocarpus + Echinopsis)^[2]
• + Coryopuntia (Coryphantha + Opuntia)^[3]
• + Echinastrophytum (Astrophytum + Echinocactus)^[4]
• + Echinogymnocalycium (Echinopsis + Gymnocalycium)^[5]
• + Myrtigymnocalycium (Gymnocalycium + Myrtillocactus)^[6]
• + Ortegopuntia (Opuntia + Ortegocactus)^[7]
• + Pyrocydonia (Cydonia + Pyrus)^[8]
• + Uebelechinopsis (Echinopsis + Uebelmannia)^[9]

See also

• Bizzarria – a very popular graft chimaera in Citrus
  • Grafting

Notes and References

1. Web site: POWO . . 2023 . Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . 20 December 2023 .
2. 77220981-1 . + Arioechinopsis Mottram . 20 December 2023 .
3. 77162205-1 . + Coryopuntia Mottram . 20 December 2023 .
4. 77162206-1 . + Echinastrophytum Mottram . 20 December 2023 .
5. 77162208-1 . + Echinogymnocalycium Mottram . 20 December 2023 .
6. 77162219-1 . + Myrtigymnocalycium Mottram . 20 December 2023 .
7. 77220941-1 . + Ortegopuntia Tóth . 20 December 2023 .
8. 33997-1 . + Pyrocydonia Guillaumin . 20 December 2023 .
9. 77220968-1 . + Uebelechinopsis G.D.Rowley . 20 December 2023 .