Goldstino Explained

The goldstino is the Nambu−Goldstone fermion emerging in the spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry. It is the close fermionic analog of the Nambu−Goldstone bosons controlling the spontaneous breakdown of ordinary bosonic symmetries.

As in the case of Goldstone bosons, it is massless, unless there is, in addition, a small explicit supersymmetry breakdown involved, on top of the basic spontaneous breakdown; in this case it develops a small mass, analogous to that of Pseudo-Goldstone bosons of chiral symmetry breaking.

In theories where supersymmetry is a global symmetry, the goldstino is an ordinary particle (possibly the lightest supersymmetric particle, responsible for dark matter).

In theories where supersymmetry is a local symmetry, the goldstino is absorbed by the gravitino, the gauge field it couples to, becoming its longitudinal component, and giving it nonvanishing mass. This mechanism is a close analog of the way the Higgs field gives nonzero mass to the W and Z bosons.

Vestigial bosonic superpartners of the goldstinos, called sgoldstinos, might also appear, but need not, as supermultiplets have been reduced to arrays.[1] [2] [3] In effect, SSB of supersymmetry, by definition, implies a nonlinear realization of the supersymmetry in the Nambu−Goldstone mode, in which the goldstino couples identically to all particles in these arrays, and is thus the superpartner of all of them, equally.

References

  1. Volkov . D.V. . 1973. Is the neutrino a goldstone particle?. Physics Letters. B46. 1 . 109 - 110 . 10.1016/0370-2693(73)90490-5 . Akulov . V.. 1973PhLB...46..109V .
  2. Salam. A. . 1974. On Goldstone Fermion . Physics Letters . B49 . 5 . 465 - 467 . 10.1016/0370-2693(74)90637-6 . 1974PhLB...49..465S . etal.
  3. Uematsu . T. . Zachos . C. K. . 10.1016/0550-3213(82)90431-X . Structure of phenomenological lagrangians for broken supersymmetry . Nuclear Physics B . 201 . 2 . 250 . 1982 . 1982NuPhB.201..250U .