Gill (unit) explained

The gill or teacup is a unit of measurement for volume equal to a quarter of a pint. It is no longer in common use, except in regard to the volume of alcoholic spirits measures.

Imperial

In imperial units:

1 imperial gill	≡ 5 imperial fluid ounces
	≡ imperial gallon
	≡ imperial pint
	≡ Imperial cups
	= 40 Imperial fluid drams
	≡ 142.0653125 mL
	≈ 142 mL
	≈ 1.2 US gills
	≈ 8.67 in^3

US

In United States customary units:

1 US gill	≡ 4 US fl oz
	≡ US gallon
	≡ US quart
	≡ US pint
	≡ US cup
	≡ 8 tablespoons
	≡ 24 teaspoons
	≡ 32 US fluid drams
	≡ 7 in^3
	≡ 118.29411825 mL
	≈ 118 mL
	≈ imperial gills

United Kingdom

Prior to metrication, in the United Kingdom, the standard single measure of spirits in a pub was NaNimpgi in England and Northern Ireland, and either NaNimpgi or NaNimpgi in Scotland. After metrication, this was replaced by measures of either 25or, at the discretion of the proprietor.

However, a spirit measure in the Isle of Man is still defined as NaNimpgi and NaNimpgi in Northern Ireland.^{[1] [2]}

Half of a gill is a jack, or an eighth of a pint.^[3] But in northern England, a quarter pint could also be called a jack or a noggin, rather than a gill, and in some areas a half pint could be called a gill, particularly for beer and milk.^{[4] [5] [6]}

Scotland

In Scotland, there were additional sizes:^[7]

• big gill = NaNimpgi
• wee gill = NaNimpgi
• wee half gill = NaNimpgi
• nip=NaNimpgi

Ireland

In Ireland, the standard spirit measure was historically  gill and in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, it still retains this value, though it is now legally specified in metric units as NaN1NaN1.

In popular culture

There are occasional references to a gill in popular culture, such as in:

Literature

• In L. Frank Baum's The Patchwork Girl of Oz, one of the ingredients required for a magic spell is a gill of water from a dark well. In chapter 19, the obscure unit is used for humor including a pun with the nursery rhyme "Jack and Jill", which also involved a well.
• In George Orwell's Animal Farm, Moses the Raven is allotted a gill of beer a day after he returns, with the implication that this is part of his payment for supporting the farm leaders, the pigs.
• Dan Simmons' novel The Terror (2007) makes frequent references to gills of grog and rum.
• In Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island, there are uses of the measure gill, with Israel Hands drinking a gill of brandy in the chapter "I Strike the Jolly Roger". In Stevenson's Kidnapped the protagonist, David Balfour, is "forced" "to drink about a gill" of brandy.
• In Melvyn Bragg's memoir Back in the Day, he recalls his grandfather in the pub with "a gill of bitter" in front of him.

Music

• The cumulative song "The Barley Mow".^[8]
• The traditional English folk song "Byker Hill" begins with the words, "If I had another penny, I would have another gill."
• The Fall's song "Edinburgh Man" contains the line "Keep me away from the Festival and just give me a warm quarter-gill."

Television

• A gill is also referenced in Archer season 2, episode 3 ("Blood Test") when Barry explains to Archer that a liter of blood is, "about 8 gills". (Eight gills would be 8usgi, or 8usgi.) A call back reference, also discussing units of blood, is further made in season 3, episode 3 ("Heart of Archness, Part 3"). In both instances, the word is pronounced with a hard ⟨g⟩.
• In "Bart the Genius," an episode of The Simpsons, a child tricks Bart by offering, "I'll trade you 1,000 picoliters of my milk for four gills of yours." (A picoliter is a trillionth of a liter, so Bart is losing almost a pint of milk in this exchange.)

Mispronunciation

Because of its more widely used homograph, gill has sometimes been mispronounced with a hard 'g' sound. In English, the sound of soft ⟨g⟩ is the affricate /dʒ/, as in general, giant, and gym.

• FX's animated cartoon Archer mispronounced gill in the episodes "Blood Test" (Season 2, Episode 3)^[9] and "Heart of Archness: Part Three" (Season 3, Episode 3).^[10]

Notes and References

1. News: Changes to Isle of Man alcohol measurements scrapped. BBC News. March 8, 2013.
2. Web site: 1/5 Gill Shot Glass Government Stamped. Gellings.
3. Book: Klein. Herbert Arthur. The Science of Measurement: A Historical Survey. 1974. Dover Publications, Inc.. New York. 0-486-25839-4. 34. 30 October 2016. en.
4. Book: Griffiths, Samuel . Griffiths' Guide to the Iron Trade of Great Britain . Griffith . 1873 . 292 .
5. Book: O'Gorman, Daniel . Intuitive calculations; the readiest and most concise methods . 1853 . Manchester . 50.
6. International Dictionary of Food and Cooking by Charles Gordon Sinclair,, published by Taylor & Francis, 1998
7. Web site: The Scottish Licensing Laws. 6 September 2016. Purves. James. 1903.
8. Web site: Good Luck to the Barley Mow, lyrics and audio . Chivalry.com . 2011-02-14.
9. Web site: Archer: "Blood Test". Emily. VanDerWerff. . 11 February 2011 .
10. Web site: Archer: "Heart Of Archness, Part Three". Emily. VanDerWerff. . 30 September 2011 .