Germanium dichloride dioxane explained
Germanium dichloride dioxane is a chemical compound with the formula is 1,4-dioxane. It is a white solid. The compound is notable as a source of Ge(II), which contrasts with the pervasiveness of Ge(IV) compounds. This dioxane complex represents a well-behaved form of germanium dichloride.
Synthesis and structure
It is prepared by reduction of a dioxane solution of germanium tetrachloride with tributyltin hydride:[1]
Hydrosilanes have also been used as reductants.[2]
The complex has a polymeric structure. Germanium adopts an SF4-like shape with cis Cl ligands (Cl-Ge-Cl angle = 94.4°) and axial positions occupied by oxygen provided by a bridging dioxane. The Ge-O and Ge-Cl distances are 2.40 and 2.277 A, respectively.[3]
Reactions
The complex is used in the preparation of organogermanium compounds.[4] [5] In organic synthesis, the complex is used as a Lewis acid with reducing properties.[2]
References
- 10.1039/DT9860001551. Subvalent Group 4B Metal Alkyls and Amides. Part 8. Germanium and Tin Carbene Analogues MR2[M = Ge or Sn, R = CH(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]: Syntheses and Structures in the Gas Phase (Electron Diffraction); Molecular-Orbital Calculations for MH2 and GeMe2 . 1986 . Fjeldberg . Torgny . Haaland . Arne . Schilling . Birgitte E. R. . Lappert . Michael F. . Thorne . Andrew J. . Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions . 8 . 1551 .
- Book: 10.1002/047084289X.rg002. Germanium Dichloride-Dioxane Complex . Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis . 2001 . Roskamp . Carrie A. . Roskamp . Eric J. . 0471936235 .
- 10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.04.015. Experimental and Theoretical Study of Vibrational Spectra and Structure of Dihalogermylene and Dihalostannylene Complexes with 1,4-Dioxane and Triphenylphosphine . 2005 . Leites . L.A. . Zabula . A.V. . Bukalov . S.S. . Korlyukov . A.A. . Koroteev . P.S. . Maslennikova . O.S. . Egorov . M.P. . Nefedov . O.M. . Journal of Molecular Structure . 750 . 1–3 . 116–122 . 2005JMoSt.750..116L .
- 10.1021/OM960929L. Synthesis and Characterization of the Monomeric Diaryls M2 (M = Ge, Sn, or Pb; Mes = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2−) and Dimeric Aryl−Metal Chlorides [M(Cl){C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>-2,6-Mes<sub>2</sub>}]2 (M = Ge or Sn) . 1997 . Simons . Richard S. . Pu . Lihung . Olmstead . Marilyn M. . Power . Philip P. . Organometallics . 16 . 9 . 1920–1925 .
- Book: 10.1002/047084289X.rg002. Germanium Dichloride-Dioxane Complex . Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis . 2001 . Roskamp . Carrie A. . Roskamp . Eric J. . 0471936235 .
