List of causes of genital pain explained

Genital pain and pelvic pain can arise from a variety of conditions, crimes, trauma, medical treatments, physical diseases, mental illness and infections. In some instances the pain is consensual and self-induced. Self-induced pain can be a cause for concern and may require a psychiatric evaluation. In other instances the infliction of pain is consensual but caused by another person (such as in surgery or tattooing). In other instances, the pain is vague" and difficult to localize. Abdominal pain can be related to conditions related to reproductive and urinary tissues and organs.

Those with pain in the genital and pelvic regions can have dysfunctional voiding or defecation. Pain in this region of the body can be associated with anxiety, depression and other psycho-social factors. In addition, this pain can have effects on activities of daily living or quality of life. Treatment can be symptomatic if the pathology is unknown and managed by physical therapy, counseling and medication.

Common to women and men

• anal fissure^[1]
• bladder mucosal inflammation^[1]
• bladder pain syndrome^[1]
• body modification
• constipation^[1]
• cystitis
• dyspareunia
• defecation^[1]
• epidermal cyst
• epiploic appendagitis
• genital modification and mutilation
• genital piercing
• genital warts
• hematoma
• hematometra
• hematosalpinx
• hematuria
• herpes genitalis
• increased anal resting pressures^[1]
• infibulation
• interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome^[1]
• kidney stone
• levator ani syndrome^[1]
• Molluscum contagiosum
• pelvic congestion syndrome
• pelvic floor muscle spasm^[1]
• persistent genital arousal disorder
• polyuria
• proctalgia fugax^[1]
• pubic piercing
• rape
• rectal prolapse
• sexual assault
• sebaceous cyst
• sex toys
• sexual intercourse
• rough foreplay
• strangury
• urinary frequency
• urinary incontinence
• urinary retention
• shaving pubic hair
• wound dehiscence

Females

• adhesions
• adenomyosis^[2]
• Bartholin's cyst
• biopsy^[3]
• cervical motion tenderness
• Primary dysmenorrhoea^[4]
• contact dermatitis
• ectopic pregnancy
• endometrial biopsy
• endometrial polyp
• endometriosis^[5]
• endometriosis of ovary
• folliculitis^[6]
• female genital prolapse
• follicular cyst of ovary
• labor^[7]
• Lichen simplex chronicus^[6]
• Lichen sclerosus^[6]
• Lichen planus^[6]
• miscarriage
• imperforate hymen
• intraepithelial neoplasia^[6]
• labial trauma
• Mittelschmerz
• ovarian apoplexy
• ovarian cyst
• ovarian torsion
• pelvic congestion syndrome^[4]
• pelvic inflammatory disease^[8]
• Abscess of broad ligament^[8]
• Abscess of parametrium^[8]
• pelvic cellulitis^[8]
• pregnancy^[7]
• Sjögren syndrome
• urinary tract infection
• uterine prolapse
• vaginal dryness^[6]
• vaginismus
• vesico-uterine pouch
• vulvodynia
• vulva tumor^[9]
• vaginal bleeding
• vaginoplasty
• vulvar vestibulitis
• vulvar skin cracks and bleeds^[6]
• vulvectomy

Males

• benign prostatic hyperplasia
• chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome^[1]
• deep shaft piercing
• dysuria
• epididymitis
• epididymal hypertension
• spermatocele
• intracavernous injection
• hydrocele
• subcutaneous emphysema^[10]
• impaling
• hematocele
• radiation proctitis
• inguinal hernia
• epididymo-orchitis
• Fournier's gangrene^[11]
• air embolism^[11]
• post-vasectomy pain syndrome
• testicular torsion
• scrotal cellulitis^[11]
• Paget's disease of the scrotum^[12]
• impotence
• penis constriction
• retrograde ejaculation
• self-injection of saline solution
• urethral sounding
• urolithiasis
• tamakeri
• testicular cancer
• varicocele
• Injecting air or another gas into the penis^[13]
• penile strangulation^[14]
• penile incarceration^{[15] [16]}

Children

• child abuse
• dermatitis
• imperforate hymen
• pinworms

Treatments

• Analgesic
• Cordotomy
• Medical lubricant
• Personal lubricant

Notes and References

1. Bharucha . AE. Lee. TH . Anorectal and Pelvic Pain. 2016. 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.08.011. 27712641. 5123821. 91. 10. Mayo Clin. Proc.. 1471–1486.
2. Book: Winkler, Nurit . Women's reproductive mental health across the lifespan . Springer . Place of publication not identified . 2015 . 199 . 978-3319216850 .
3. Web site: Disorders of the Vulva: Common Causes of Vulvar Pain, Burning, and Itching . American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists . September 2015 . April 26, 2017 .
4. Cheong. Ying C. Smotra. Grisham. Williams. Amanda C de C. Cheong. Ying C. Non-surgical interventions for the management of chronic pelvic pain. 2014. 10.1002/14651858.CD008797.pub2. 24595586. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014 . 3. CD008797. 10981791.
5. Nisenblat. Vicki. Bossuyt. Patrick MM. Shaikh. Rabia. Farquhar. Cindy. Jordan. Vanessa. Scheffers. Carola S. Mol. Ben Willem J. Johnson. Neil. Hull. M Louise. Nisenblat. Vicki. Blood biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis. 2016. 10.1002/14651858.CD012179. 27132058. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 . 5. CD012179. 7076288.
6. Web site: Disorders of the Vulva: Common Causes of Vulvar Pain, Burning, and Itching . American Congress of Obstatricians and Gynecologists. 2016. 2016-01-31 .
7. Liddle. Sarah D. Pennick. Victoria. Liddle. Sarah D. Interventions for preventing and treating low-back and pelvic pain during pregnancy. 2015. 10.1002/14651858.CD001139.pub4. 26422811. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015. CD001139. 9. 7053516.
8. Web site: ICD-10 Version:2015 . The World Health Organization; International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision. 2016-01-31 . 2015 .
9. Sims. Shireen Madani. Stinson. Kathryn. McLean. Frederick W.. Davis. John D.. Wilkinson. Edward J.. Angiomyofibroblastoma of the Vulva. Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. 16. 2. 2012. 149–154. 1089-2591. 10.1097/LGT.0b013e318231217b. 22371044. 23955539.
10. 3 . 225–226 . 1969 . 5350135 . 17 . Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal . Nixon . Bush . Scrotal inflation: a new cause for subcutaneous, mediastinal and retroperitoneal emphysema . G. . R..
11. 2006 . 187–8 . 16581752 . 2564698 . 10.1136/sti.2005.017020 . 2 . 82 . Blackwell . K. G. . A. L. . Unusual cause of acute scrotal cellulitis in an HIV positive man . Sexually Transmitted Infections . Yoganathan.
12. Web site: Paget's disease of the scrotum Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatments and Causes. RightDiagnosis.com. 12 December 2015 .
13. 11 . 652–653 . 1980 . 7436145 . 46 . The American Surgeon . Kagan . Sharma . Scrotal emphysema . T. . H..
14. 10.1136/emj.2008.062877 . 19104114 . 26 . 1 . Emergency management of penile strangulation: a case report and review of the Chinese literature . Emergency Medicine Journal . 73–74. 2009 . Xu . T. . Gu . M. . Wang . H. . 10.1.1.1032.6418 . 933603 .
15. 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00848.x . 5 . 7 . Penile Constriction Devices: Case Report, Review of the Literature, and Recommendations for Extrication . Journal of Sexual Medicine . 1747–1757 . 18507720 . Jul 2008. Silberstein . Jonathan . Grabowski . Julia . Lakin . Charles . Goldstein . Irwin .
16. 11487074 . 35 . 3 . Penile incarceration with metal objects--a review of procedure choice based on penile trauma grade . 2001 . Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol. . 212–7 . Detweiler MB . 10.1080/003655901750291980. 10.1.1.554.2255 . 11630970 .