Ganglioside galactosyltransferase explained

ganglioside galactosyltransferase
Ec Number:	2.4.1.62
Cas Number:	37217-28-0
Go Code:	0047915

In enzymology, a ganglioside galactosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine

\rightleftharpoons UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine

The 2 substrates of this enzyme are UDP-galactose and N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine, whereas its 2 products are UDP and D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-galactose:N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galac tosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine beta-1,3-D-galactosyltransferase. Other names in common use include UDP-galactose-ceramide galactosyltransferase, uridine diphosphogalactose-ceramide galactosyltransferase, UDP galactose-LAC Tet-ceramide alpha-galactosyltransferase, UDP-galactose-GM2 galactosyltransferase, uridine diphosphogalactose-GM2 galactosyltransferase, uridine diphosphate D-galactose:glycolipid galactosyltransferase, UDP-galactose:N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl), galactosyl-glucosyl-ceramide galactosyltransferase, UDP-galactose-GM2 ganglioside galactosyltransferase, and GM1-synthase. This enzyme participates in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - ganglioseries and glycan structures - biosynthesis 2.

References

• Basu S, Kaufman B, Roseman S . 1965 . Conversion of Tay–Sachs ganglioside to monosialoganglioside by brain uridine diphosphate D-galactose: glycolipid galactosyltransferase . J. Biol. Chem. . 240 . 4115 - 7 . 5842076 . 10 .
• Yip GB, Dain JA . 1970 . The enzymic synthesis of ganglioside. II. UDP-galactose: N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)galactosyl-glucosyl-ceram ide galactosyltransferase in rat brain . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 206 . 252 - 60 . 4987145 . 2 . 10.1016/0005-2744(70)90108-7.
• Yip MC, Dain JA . 1970 . Frog brain uridine diphosphate galactose-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-N-acetylneuraminylgalactosylglucosy lceram ide galactosyltransferase . Biochem. J. . 118 . 247 - 52 . 5484669 . 2 . 1179110 .