Γ-Oryzanol Explained
γ-Oryzanol is a mixture of lipids derived from rice (Oryza sativa).[1] γ-Oryzanol occurs mainly in the fat fraction of rice bran and rice bran oil.
Originally thought to be a single chemical compound,[2] it is now known to be a mixture of ferulic acid esters of phytosterols and triterpenoids, particularly cycloartenyl ferulate, 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate, and campesteryl ferulate,[3] which together account for 80% of γ-oryzanol.[4]
Composition
Major constituents of γ-oryzanol! Name(s)! Chemical structure! Molecular formula! CAS number• Cycloartenyl ferulate
• Oryzanol A | | C40H58O4 | 21238-33-5 |
• 24-Methylenecycloartanyl ferulate
• Oryzanol C | | C41H60O4 | 469-36-3 |
| • Campesteryl ferulate | | C38H56O4 | 20972-07-0 | |
Minor constituents include,,,,,, and .[3]
Uses
γ-Oryzanol has been used in Japan for menopausal symptoms, mild anxiety, stomach upset, and high cholesterol.[5] It is still approved in China for this use.[6] However, there is no meaningful evidence supporting its efficacy for these purposes.[5]
In the United States, it is sold as a sports supplement, but existing research does not support the belief that it has any ergogenic or testosterone-raising effects.[7]
Notes and References
- Food Reviews International . 1 . 1985 . 3 . Rice bran: Composition and potential food uses . R. M. Saunders . 465–495 . 10.1080/87559128509540780 .
- Kaimal, T. B. N. . γ-Oryzanol from ricebran oil . J Oil Technol Assoc India . 31 . 1999 . 83–93.
- Purification and Identification of Components of γ-Oryzanol in Rice Bran Oil . Zhimin Xu and J. Samuel Godber . J. Agric. Food Chem. . 1999 . 47 . 7 . 2724–2728 . 10.1021/jf981175j . 10552553 .
- Xu Zhimin, Godber J S & Xu Z . Antioxidant activities of major components of gamma-oryzanol from rice bran using a linolenic acid model . J Am Oil Chem Soc . 78 . 2001 . 465–469.
- Web site: Gamma Oryzinol . Winchester Hospital .
- Web site: National Drug Standard for 谷维素片 / Oryzanol Tablets (DRAFT) . 国家食品药品监督管理总局 . 29 July 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180729070641/http://www.chp.org.cn/upload/sites/chp/resource/2014b/2015030608361130431.pdf . 29 July 2018.
- Dietary Supplements and Sports Performance: Herbals . Melvin Williams . Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition . 2006 . 3 . 1 . 1–6 . 10.1186/1550-2783-3-1-1 . 18500959 . 2129138 . free .
