| Letter: | Ĝ ĝ |
| G with circumflex | |
| Fam1: | (speculated origin) |
| Fam2: | |
| Fam7: | Γ γ |
| Fam9: | C c |
| Fam10: | G g |
| Language: | Esperanto, Aleut language, Khinalug language, Toba Qom language |
| Script: | Latin |
| Directon: | Left to right |
| Unicode: | U+011C, U+011D |
| Type: | alphabet |
| Typedesc: | ic |
| Equivalents: | Г̑ г̑, Ӷ ӷ, Гг гг |
| Variations: | Gx gx, Gh gh |
Ĝ or ĝ (G circumflex) is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing a voiced postalveolar affricate (either palato-alveolar or retroflex), and is equivalent to a voiced postalveolar affricate pronounced as //dʒ// or a voiced retroflex affricate pronounced as //dʐ//.
While Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic for its four postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic alphabets, the base letters are Romano-Germanic. Ĝ is based on the letter g, which has this sound in English and Italian before the vowels i and e (with some exceptions in English), to better preserve the shape of borrowings from those languages (such as ĝenerala from general) than Slavic đ (Serbo-Croatian) or dž would.[1]
In Haida, a language isolate, the letter ĝ was sometimes used to represent pharyngeal voiced fricative pronounced as /link/.
In Aleut, an Eskaleut language, ĝ represents a voiced uvular fricative pronounced as /link/. The corresponding voiceless Aleut sound is represented by x̂.
In Dutch, the letter ĝ is used in some phrase books and dictionaries for pronunciation help. It represents a plosive pronounced as /link/, because g is pronounced as a fricative pronounced as /link/ in Dutch.
In some transcriptions of Sumerian, ĝ is used to represent the velar nasal pronounced as /link/.