Fullbore target rifle explained

Fullbore target rifle
Union:International Confederation of Fullbore Rifle Associations
First:1876
Region:Worldwide
Contact:No
Team:Yes
Mgender:Yes
Type:Shooting sport
Equipment:Rifle
Venue:Shooting range

Fullbore Target Rifle (TR) is a precision rifle shooting sport discipline governed by the International Confederation of Fullbore Rifle Associations (ICFRA).[1] The sport evolved as a distinct British and Commonwealth of Nations discipline from Service rifle (SR) shooting in the late 1960s. Its development was heavily influenced by the British National Rifle Association (NRA).[2] [3] Due to this history, it is usually contested amongst the shooting events at the Commonwealth Games, although not at the Olympics. World Championships are held on a four-year cycle. The annual NRA Imperial Meeting at Bisley in the UK is globally recognised as an historic annual meeting for the discipline.

Nordic fullbore rifle is a variation arranged by the Scandinavian rifle associations including the National Rifle Association of Norway, DGI Shooting (formerly De Danske Skytteforeninger) and the Swedish Shooting Sport Federation (formerly Frivilliga Skytterörelsen). Nordic field shooting competitions are shot at varied distances out to 600 m.

Naming conventions

Many rifles can be described as "target rifles" or "match rifles" in the general sense (being accurate rifles suitable for shooting targets). Within the context of fullbore rifle shooting "Target Rifle" and "Match Rifle" refer to specific classes in NRA and ICFRA competition.

History

Originally derived from service rifle, Target Rifle was shot with rifles of military origin, and the rules followed the adoption of cartridges by the military - from the .451 Whitworth rifle to the .303 Lee-Metford, and eventually to 7.62 NATO and .308.[5] Modifications such as custom stocks and barrels became increasingly common but rifles were nonetheless built around actions of military design.

In 1970, George Swenson and Laurie Ingram developed the Swing rifle as an alternative to the dominant designs of the day, which were built around the Lee-Enfield No. 4 and Mauser 1898.[6] Alongside the Australian Omark Model 44, the Swing was one of the first actions designed explicitly for target shooting, with attention paid to a short lock time and clean trigger break. The Swing ultimately evolved into the Paramount and RPA Quadlock rifles.[6] [7] The 1970s also saw the development of the Mauser-influenced Musgrave Target Rifle in South Africa, with the Australian Barnard Model P action entering production in 1982.

Match Rifle developed concurrently with Target Rifle, focussed on longer ranges (1000-1500 yards, where Target Rifle was contested at 300-1000 yards). The rules were less stringent and allowed more experimentation and deviation from the basic military rifles that designs were based on. Telescopic sights were permitted, and shooters had the choice of shooting prone (lying on their front) or supine (lying on their back).

F-Class is a relatively modern development, gaining popularity in the early 2000s. Developed in Canada by George "Farky" Farquharson (from whom "F"-Class is derived), it began by resting a TR-compliant rifle on a bipod and adding a telescopic sight. This permitted continued participation amongst older shooters with deteriorating sight, or who could not adopt a typical prone position. With time, innovation led to the creation of the "F-Open" class, which allowed more experimentation than was allowed in "F-TR".[8]

Equipment

Standardised rifle

NRA Target Rifle is characterised by stringent standardisation of rifle characteristics such as sights and calibre. To level the playing field and to make it possible for riflemen of all budgets to compete seriously, the rifle or all its component parts must be 'readily available in quantity'. Rifles are limited to a weight of 6.5 kg and a minimum trigger pull of 1.5 kg. Where a magazine is fitted, it may only be used as a loading platform for single rounds.

Under ICFRA rules, the minimum trigger pull is reduced to 0.5 kg.

Sights

Aperture sights which are fully adjustable for elevation and windage. A single magnifying lens (known as an "eagle eye") may be used in the front of the foresight to enlarge the image of the target in relation to the foresight element and diopter, without providing a telescopic sight.[9]

Calibers

.303 British (standard military) was used until the late 1950s when NATO adopted the .308 Winchester/7.62×51mm NATO as the new military interoperable choice of ammunition. Under NRA and ICFRA Rules, .223 Remington/5.56x45 NATO is permitted as an alternative. However, many matches such as the NRA Imperial Meeting require competitors to use issued ammunition - which is typically only offered in .308.[10] The .303 British calibre is still in use by Service Rifle shooters and was exclusively used by in the Short, Magazine Lee–Enfield (SMLE) No.1 Mk. III and Lee-Enfield No. 4 rifles.

Clothing

Modern target rifle shooters commonly use specialised stiff leather or canvas shooting jackets to maintain a stable prone position. Riflemen also widely wear shooting gloves on their support hand to stabilise the rifle and to protect the hand from a single point sling.

Competitions

World Championships have been organised by ICFRA since 2003 and are held on a four-year cycle. Championships for TR-Class and F-Class are held separately, offset by two years. The TR Championship includes both an individual and a team event. The Team event is known historically as the Palma Match and the Team World Champions are awarded the Palma Trophy, which dates to 1876.

Fullbore Rifle is contested within the Shooting events at the Commonwealth Games. These are the only major multi-sport Games to include the discipline, with other events such as the Olympic or Asian Games focussing on ISSF-regulated smallbore and air rifle disciplines. The Commonwealth Shooting Federation (CSF) also holds a CSF Championship in the run-up to the Games, serving as a test-event for the Games venues and final selection opportunity for Games squads.

The Imperial Meeting, organised by the British NRA at the National Shooting Centre, Bisley is regarded as one of the leading Target Rifle events globally, and has been hugely influential in the development of the sport. National teams routinely travel to the Meeting, particularly from Commonwealth nations.[11] The Kolapore Match is contested annually by the international teams in attendance. The Dominion of Canada Rifle Association constructed the Macdonald-Stewart Pavilion (a.k.a. "Canada House") on Bisley Camp in 1897 specifically to accommodate the Canadian team.[12] Bisley's influence is further illustrated by the South African terminology, where Target Rifle is called "Bisley Shooting", the governing body is the South African Bisley Union (SABU)[13] with almost any target shooting competition known as a "Bisley".

In Canada, target rifle competitions at the national level are regulated by the Dominion of Canada Rifle Association.

The annual US National Championship is currently held during August at Camp Perry in Port Clinton, Ohio.

Variations

Match rifle

Match Rifle is a long-range target shooting discipline shot at 1,000 to 1,200 yards (approximately 914 to 1,097 meters), peculiar to the UK and several Commonwealth of Nations countries, and run according to rules set out by the British National Rifle Association. The Elcho Shield is an example of an annual Match Rifle competition.

Match Rifle can be thought of as an extreme, experimental version of Target Rifle (TR).

The key technical differences to Target Rifle are:

A small number (who would be unable for medical reasons to shoot prone or supine) shoot seated at tables.

Most shoots involve 15 or 20 shots to count (usually with two convertible sighting shots permitted) at each of 1000, 1100 and 1200 yards. With few ranges extending back to Match Rifle distances, most shooting in the UK takes place on Stickledown Range at Bisley. Any NRA-compliant Target Rifle will also be compliant with Match Rifle rules provided the barrel does not exceed 2.5 kg.

F-Class rifle

F-Class is a recent variant of Fullbore Target Rifle which permits optical telescopic sights and shooting rests such as a pedestal rest or a bipod at the front of the rifle and a tightly packed sandbag at the rear of the rifle. Competitions are fired at distances from 300 to 1000 yards. The center of the target has an extra scoring ring which is half the size of the smallest one used in traditional Target Rifle shooting and each ring scores one point less than it does for Target Rifle. Competitors can choose to compete in one of the two classes F(Open) or F/TR:

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Target Rifle Technical Rules 2016. International Confederation of Fullbore Rifle Associations . 2019-03-26 . 2018-04-13 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180413084009/http://www.icfra.co.uk/TR_Technical_rules_2016.pdf . dead .
  2. Web site: Target Rifle . National Rifle Association . 26 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112408/https://nra.org.uk/learn-to-shoot/target-rifle/ . 26 March 2019 . en-GB . 27 March 2017 . live.
  3. Web site: The NRA Handbook . 2019-03-26 . 2019-03-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190326112408/https://nra.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/BIBLE-FULL.pdf . dead .
  4. Web site: Serena Juchnowski . Palma Rifle Competition . Guns Magazine . FMG Publications . 26 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210609041147/https://gunsmagazine.com/discover/palma-rifle-competition/ . 9 June 2021 . en-US . 3 June 2021 . live.
  5. Brian Glover (presenter) . 1986 . Bisley - The Queen's Prize . Television production . en-gb . 22 May 2023 . 29:26 . . .
  6. Web site: Laurie Ingram . The Birth of the SIN71 Target Rifle . topcorp1.com . 1 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090103225509/http://www.topcorp1.com/swing/swing.html . 3 January 2009 . dead.
  7. Web site: Robert Chombart . SINs, SWINGs, C.Gs, PARAMOUNTs, IMPERIALs, RPA 2000s and 2000 C.Gs, RPA QUADLOCKs, C.G Millenniums C.G - INCH 'DELTA' C.G 'DELTA' . TopCorp1 . 26 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081203145854/http://www.topcorp1.com/swing/robertchombart.html . 3 December 2008 . en . dead.
  8. Web site: James Mccosh . What is F-Class? . English Twenty Club . 26 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210512023950/https://englishtwenty.org.uk/development/what-is-f-class/ . 12 May 2021 . en-GB . live.
  9. Web site: Vision - Solutions to Problems - Rules . Disabled Shooting . The Disabled Shooting Project . 26 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150718032758/https://www.disabledshooting.org.uk/more-information/detailed-information/vision/399-vision-solutions-to-problems-rules.html . 18 July 2015 . en . live.
  10. Web site: NRA Handbook 2022 ("the Bisley Bible") . National Rifle Association . 24 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220419193550/https://nra.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/NRA-Handbook-2022-Vols-1-3-complete-the-Bisley-bible.pdf . 19 April 2022 . 69 . English . PDF . 2022 . 151 In NRA TR competitions where ammunition “as issued” is specified: (a) only 7.62 x 51 mm or .308” Win target rifles may be used. (b) only ammunition issued by the NRA, without any modification, may be used (see Para 544). (c) NRA issued ammunition will conform to CIP dimensions for Win .308” and will develop a maximum average pressure under CIP test procedures of 3650 Bar. Competitors are responsible for ensuring that their rifles are safe to fire such ammunition. Ammunition “as issued” is specified for all TR competitions in the Imperial Meeting, and at some other NRA events. At other times any ammunition may be used, all users of which are responsible for ensuring that it is in every respect safe and within range safety parameters . live.
  11. Web site: U.S. Rifle Team Heads To Bisley For Fullbore Matches . Shooting Sports USA . National Rifle Association of America . 26 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220524024002/https://www.ssusa.org/content/u-s-rifle-team-heads-to-bisley-for-fullbore-matches/ . 24 May 2022 . en-us . 22 July 2019 . live.
  12. Web site: THE MACDONALD STEWART PAVILION . Historic England . Historic England . 31 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220831112623/https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1350364?section=official-list-entry . 31 August 2022 . 28 May 2003.
  13. Web site: South African Bisley Union . Sabisley.com . 2022-10-19.
  14. Web site: NRA High Power Rifle Rules, Revised January 2014, p. 67-70. National Rifle Association of America. 2017-08-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20140222205310/http://compete.nra.org/documents/pdf/compete/RuleBooks/HPR/hpr-book.pdf. 2014-02-22. dead.