Football is the most popular sport in Malaysia, where the first modern set of rules for the code were established in 1921, which were a major influence on the development of the modern Laws of the Game. The sport of football in the country of Malaysia is run by the Football Association of Malaysia.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
In 1997, Malaysia hosted the FIFA U-20 World Cup, also known as the FIFA World Youth Championship during that time. In 2007, Malaysia co-hosted the Asian Cup 2007 with three other countries.
See main article: History of Malaysian football. Football arrived in Malaysia (Malaya at that time) with the British. The locals soon picked up the game, and before long, it was the country's leading sport. Towards the end of the 19th century, football was one of the central pillars of most sports clubs in Malaya. But it was not structured. Even when the Selangor Amateur Football League took shape in 1905 – which ensured proper administration and organisation – the competition was confined only to clubs in Kuala Lumpur.[8] [9]
In January 1921, the British Royal Navy battleship called at Port Swettenham (now Port Klang), Singapore, Malacca, Penang and Port Dickson.[10] During its stay, the crew competed in friendly matches in football, rugby, hockey, sailing, and golf against local clubs.[10]
Three months later, the Chief Secretary of the Federated Malay States government received a letter from Captain H. T. Buller of the H. M. S. Malaya, which offered two cups to be competed for in football and rugby as tokens of their gratitude for the reception they received in Malaya.[10] The cup for football was then known as the Malaya Cup. The offer was accepted, and various club representatives met to organise the tournament.[10] A Malaya Cup committee was set up, and it was decided to run the football competition in northern and southern sections. The first tournament was entrusted to be run by the Selangor Club.[10] The first ever Malaya Cup match was played on 20 August 1921, with Selangor defeating Penang 5–1 in front of an estimated crowd of 5,000 in Kuala Lumpur.[10] The inaugural tournament was played by six teams and won by Singapore.[11] During 1923, a newspaper described it as “by far the greatest sporting event of the year (in Malaya)”.[10]
Football began to spread rapidly throughout the region following the establishment of the Cup, although the composition of the teams at the time was mainly based on ethnic background.[12] [13] [14] In British Borneo, football has also become the most popular choice of sport in Malay schools.[15]
In 1933, Association football of Malaysia was founded as Football Association of Malaysia (FAM) which managed the local football scene at that time.[16] By 1954, FAM joins FIFA as a member of the AFC.
Malaysia FAM Cup was established in 1952 as a secondary knockout competition to the more prestigious Malaya Cup. The competition was held between state teams including Singapore, Police, Army, and Prisons Department of Malaysia in its early days.[17] [18]
In 1959, the Malaya Cup departed from the traditional one-round tournament to a two-round home and away format in three zones: East, South and North.[19] A new trophy was inaugurated in 1967, and since then, the competition has been known as the Piala Malaysia.[20]
Starting in 1974, the state teams were barred from entering the FAM Cup competition, and only the club sides could enter.[18]
This football league competition involving the representative sides of the state football associations was first held in Malaysia in 1979.[21] When it began, it was intended primarily as a qualifying tournament for the final knock-out stages of the Piala Malaysia. A one-round league competition was introduced in Malaysia in 1979.[22] The top four teams at the end of the league will face off in two semi-finals before the winners make it to the finals. In 1981, the quarter-finals stage were introduced. When the league began, it was intended primarily as a qualifying tournament for the Piala Malaysia. However, it was not until 1982 that a League Cup was introduced to recognise the winners of the preliminary stage as the league champions, which then officially started the era of nationwide-level amateur football league in Malaysia.[23] Since then, the Piala Malaysia has been held after the conclusion of the league each year, with only the best-performing teams in the league qualifying for the Piala Malaysia.
Over the years, the league competition has gained important stature in its own right. From 1982 until 1988, the league was an amateur status and continued its purpose as a qualifying round for Piala Malaysia, and only in 1989 did it change to a new format as the Malaysian Semi-Pro Football League (Liga Semi-Pro) by FAM as a 'halfway house' towards full professional status.
Initially, the only teams allowed to participate in the league were the state FA's sides, teams representing the Armed Forces and the Police, and teams representing the neighbouring countries of Singapore and Brunei (though the Football Association of Singapore pulled out of the Malaysian League after the 1994 season following a dispute with the Football Association of Malaysia over gate receipts and has not been involved since).
The inaugural season of Liga Semi-Pro consisted of nine teams in Division 1 and eight teams in Division 2 with a total of 17 teams participating. The Malaysian Police joined Division 2 in 1990.[24] Games were played on a home and away basis for about four months, roughly between the end of April or early May and the end of August or early September. Under the new format, only the top six teams in Division 1 and the Division 2 champions and runners-up will be involved in the Piala Malaysia.[24] Piala Malaysia was played in the quarter-final stage, scheduled for November after the league was finished. The Piala Malaysia quarter-final and semi-final matches will be played on a home and away basis.[24]
In 1992, FAM created another amateur league for local clubs in Malaysia to compete in, which is called the Liga Nasional.[25] The league was managed by FAM outside entity, Super Club Sdn. Bhd. Some of the clubs that compete in the league are Hong Chin, Muar FA, PKNK from Kedah, DBKL, PKNS, BSN, LPN, BBMB, Proton, PPC and PKENJ. Unfortunately, the league only ran for one season before it folded. Some of the clubs then evolved and joined the main league, such as PKENJ, which became JCorp and is now JDT.
With the advent of the two-league Liga Semi-Pro in 1989, the FAM Cup became the third-tier competition. In 1993, the format of the competition was changed to include a two-group league, followed by the traditional knockout format. Promotion to the professional Malaysian League was introduced for the first time in 1997, with Johor FC and NS Chempaka FC the first two sides to be promoted that year.[18]
Liga Semi-Pro was the nation's top-tier league until it was succeeded by the formation of Malaysia's first professional football league, the Liga Perdana in 1994 by the Football Association of Malaysia.
In 1998, Liga Perdana was divided into two divisions consisting of Liga Perdana 1 and Liga Perdana 2.[26] [27] During this time both of the division was still just referred as Malaysian League as a whole.
During 1998, Liga Perdana 1 consisted of 12 teams, while Liga Perdana 2 had 8 teams.[26] 10 teams that previously qualified for Piala Malaysia, which played in the 1997 Liga Premier, were automatically qualified for Liga Perdana 1. The other two spots were filled by a playoff round between the 5 lowest teams in the 1997 Liga Premier and the Malaysian Olympic football team. The lowest four teams from the playoff round were then put into Liga Perdana 2 alongside Police, Malaysia Military, Negeri Sembilan Chempaka F.C., and PKN Johor. At this time, the league still consisted of a semi-pro team, where each team was allowed to register 25 players, with 12 players being professionals in Liga Perdana 1 and a minimum of six professional players in Liga Perdana 2.[26]
Both leagues continued until 2003, when Football Association of Malaysia (FAM) decided to privatise the league for the 2004 season onwards, when the Liga Super was formed. Teams in Liga Perdana 1 and Liga Perdana 2 were then put through a qualification and playoff to be promoted into Liga Super. Teams that failed the qualification were put into a new second-tier league Liga Premier.
Further changes were made to the Malaysia FAM Cup in 2008 when the knockout stages were abolished and the double round-robin league format was introduced. The tournament is now known as the Malaysia FAM League.[28]
The most significant successes of the national team of Malaysia have come in the regional AFF Suzuki Cup (formerly known as the 'Tiger Cup'), which Malaysia won in 2010 for the first time in history. They beat Indonesia 42 on aggregate in the final to capture the country's first major international football title.
Malaysia had top players, such as the Mokhtar Dahari and Sabah's Hassan Sani and James Wong, which led Malaysia into their golden age from the 1970s until the 1980s. Before Mokhtar, The Malaysian King of Football, Datuk Abdul Ghani Minhat was the most famous and respected footballer in the whole of Malaya from the 1950s until the 1960s. Malaysia's 15–1 victory over the Philippines in 1962 is currently the record for the highest win for the national team. In the current generation, Mohd Safee Mohd Sali and Norshahrul Idlan Talaha are considered by Malaysians to be their best striker pair.
In the FIFA World Rankings, Malaysia's highest standing was in the first release of the figures, in August 1993, at 75th. Malaysia's main rivals on the international stage are their geographical neighbours, Indonesia and Singapore, and past matches between these two teams have produced much drama. Malaysia is one of the most successful teams in Southeast Asia along with Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam, winning the ASEAN Football Championship 2010 and other small competitions while improving at the same time.
See main article: Malaysian football league system.
There are several cup competitions for clubs at different levels of the football pyramid. The two major cup competitions are the Malaysia FA Cup and the Malaysia Cup.
Clubs who do well in either the Super League, Piala FA or League Cup can qualify to compete in various AFC-organised Asian-wide competitions in the following season. The number of Malaysia teams playing in Asian in any one season can range from three to four. Currently, Malaysia is awarded the following places in Asian competitions:
| Competition | Allocated slot | Qualifier | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AFC Champions League | 1 | Malaysia Super League champions | ||
| AFC Cup | 2 | Malaysia FA Cup WinnerMalaysia Super League runners-up | If Malaysia FA Cup were cancelled, either the Malaysian Cup winner or the third highest eligible Team in the Super League will enter |
See main article: Malaysia national football team. The Malaysia national football team represents Malaysia in international football. Malaysia is one of the national teams to have won the AFF Suzuki Cup as its currently highest international result.
See main article: Malaysia women's national football team and Piala Tun Sharifah Rodziah. Women's football competitions are also managed by FAM. Malaysia women's football national team represents Malaysia in international women's football.
In local football scene, a woman football competition has been held in Malaysia since 1960.[34] The inaugural season was competed by four teams from Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Malacca. A competition trophy has only been introduced in 1961 which has been contributed by Straits Times.
Women Football Association of Malaysia (PBWM) was officially registered in December 1974 where the first president was the Tun Sharifah Rodziah. A proper tournament was officially held in 1976 when PBWM introduced the woman football tournament called the Piala Tun Sharifah Rodziah. A new trophy was contributed by the Tunku Abdul Rahman for the inaugural tournament season. The cup format was following the Piala Malaysia format at that year where a home and away match was introduced for the tournament. A total eight teams compete including Johor, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Selangor, Pahang, Perak, Penang and Singapore.
The cup was held for consistent basis until 2004 when it was not held for 11 years and making a comeback in 2015 for the 28 edition.[35] A total of ten teams participated in the revival season of the tournament. The 2015 season was won by MIFA.[36] In 2016, MISC-MIFA defended their championship by winning the cup again for the second times.[37] [38] [39]
See main article: List of football stadiums in Malaysia. Some of the major stadium used for various team in Malaysia League listed as follow:
The following articles detail the major results and events in each season since 1921, when the first organised competition, the Malaya Cup, was created. Seasons in italics are wartime seasons, when official national competition was suspended, although regional football continued.
| 1920s: | 1921 | 1922 | 1923 | 1924 | 1925 | 1926 | 1927 | 1928 | 1929 | 1930 | |
| 1930s: | 1931 | 1932 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 | 1939 | 1940 | |
| 1940s: | 1941 | 1942 | 1943 | 1944 | 1945 | 1946 | 1947 | 1948 | 1949 | 1950 | |
| 1950s: | 1951 | 1952 | 1953 | 1954 | 1955 | 1956 | 1957 | 1958 | 1959 | 1960 | |
| 1960s: | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 | 1966 | 1967 | 1968 | 1969 | 1970 | |
| 1970s: | 1971 | 1972 | 1973 | 1974 | 1975 | 1976 | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 | 1980 | |
| 1980s: | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | |
| 1990s: | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | |
| 2000s: | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | |
| 2010s: | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |