Flagtail Explained

The flagtails (Hawaiian: āhole^[1] or Hawaiian: āholehole^[2] in the Hawaiian language) are a family (Kuhliidae) of perciform fish of the Indo-Pacific area. The family consists of about 12 species in one genus, Kuhlia. Most are euryhaline and often found in brackish water, but the genus also includes species restricted to marine or fresh water.

Several species are known as Hawaiian flagtails, particularly K. sandvicensis and K. xenura.

Etymology

The genus Kuhlia is named for the German zoologist Heinrich Kuhl (1797–1821).

Description

The distinctive characteristic of these fish is a scaly sheath around the dorsal and anal fins. The dorsal fin is deeply notched between the 10 spines and the 9 to 13 soft rays. The opercle has two spines, and the anal fin three. Their bodies are compressed and silvery, and they tend to be small, growing to 50 cm at most.

During the day, they usually school, dispersing at night to feed on free-swimming fish and crustaceans.

Species

The currently recognized species in this genus are:

• Kuhlia caudavittata (Lacépède, 1802)
• Kuhlia malo (Valenciennes, 1831)
• Kuhlia marginata (G. Cuvier, 1829) (spotted or dark-margined flagtail)
• Kuhlia mugil (J. R. Forster, 1801) (barred flagtail)
• Kuhlia munda (De Vis, 1884) (silver flagtail)
• Kuhlia nutabunda Kendall & Radcliffe, 1912 (Rapanui flagtail)
• Kuhlia petiti L. P. Schultz, 1943
• Kuhlia rupestris (Lacépède, 1802) (rock flagtail, jungle perch)
• Kuhlia salelea L. P. Schultz, 1943
• Kuhlia sandvicensis (Steindachner, 1876) (Hawaiian flagtail)
• Kuhlia sauvagii Regan, 1913
• Kuhlia xenura (D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1882)^[3]

Notes and References

1. Web site: lookup of āhole . on Hawaiian dictionary . Mary Kawena Pukui and Elbert . 2003 . Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library, University of Hawaii . July 9, 2010 . https://archive.today/20121228064852/http://wehewehe.org/cgi-bin/hdict?e=q&a=q&l=en&q=ahole . December 28, 2012 . dead .
2. Web site: lookup of āholehole . on Hawaiian dictionary . Mary Kawena Pukui and Elbert . 2003 . Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library, University of Hawaii . July 9, 2010 . https://archive.today/20121228121012/http://wehewehe.org/cgi-bin/hdict?e=q&a=q&l=en&q=aholehole . December 28, 2012 . dead .
3. Randall, J.E. and H.A. Randall, 2001. Review of the fishes of the genus Kuhlia (Perciformes: Kuhliidae) of the Central Pacific. Pac. Sci. 55(3):227-256.