| Conflict: | First encirclement campaign against the Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet |
| Partof: | the Chinese Civil War |
| Place: | Shaanxi & Gansu, China |
| Date: | March, 1934 - August 26, 1934 |
| Result: | Communist victory |
| Combatant1: | Nationalist China |
| Combatant2: | Chinese Red Army |
| Commander1: | Chiang Kai-shek |
| Commander2: | Liu Zhidan 刘志丹 Xie Zichang 谢子长 |
| Strength1: | 12,500 |
| Strength2: | 7,000 |
| Casualties1: | 4,000 |
| Casualties2: | ? |
The first encirclement campaign against the Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet was an encirclement campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government that was intended to destroy the communist Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet and its Chinese Red Army in the local region. It was responded by the Communists' first counter-encirclement campaign at Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet, also called by the communists as the first counter-encirclement campaign at Shaanxi–Gansu Revolutionary Base, in which the local Chinese Red Army successfully defended their soviet republic in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces against the Nationalist attacks from March 1934 to 26 August 1934.