Feudal barony of Cardinham explained

The Feudal barony of Cardinham (or Honour of Cardinham) is one of the three feudal baronies in Cornwall which existed during the medieval era. Its caput was at Cardinham Castle, Cornwall. The Barony was held in recent times by the Vivian family, the last being Nicholas Vivian, 6th Baron Vivian. Brigadier Nicholas Crespigny Laurence Vivian, 6th Baron Vivian (11 December 1935 - 28 February 2004), conveyed the title to John Anthony Vincent of Edifici Maxim's, Carrer General, Arsinal, Principat Andora, in 1995. Mr. Vincent was a member of the Manorial Society of Great Britain and died in Douglas, Isle of Man, on 31 March 2018. The Barony was then conveyed after the probate of his estate to an American citizen on 25 May 2019.

Descent

The manor of Cardinham (or Care Dynham ^[1]) is not mentioned in the Domesday Book (1086) and may thus have acquired its name from its later holders the de Dynham (or Dinham) family which took its name from Dinan in Brittany.^[2] The de Cardinham family may thus have been a branch of the de Dynham family of Hartland in Devon to whom the barony later passed from Isolda de Cardinham, for reason unknown. This was the opinion of Leland (died 1552) who writing of Robert de Cardinan as founder of Tywardreath Priory, called him quidam ex Dinamiis ("a certain (man) from the Dinam (family)")^[3] Moreover, Lysons (1814) pointed out a further factor giving this opinion validity in that the arms of the two families were similar. Cardinan was later quartered by their descendants the Prideaux family of Prideaux Place, Cornwall, as Sable, three lozenges in fesse ermine, whilst the arms of Dynham were Gules, four lozenges in fesse ermine.^[4] It was suggested to Lysons (1814) by Mr Austen, of Place-House, in Fowey, that the Castle was named by its builder, possibly a member of the Dynham family who had inherited the property by marriage to the FitzWilliam heiress, Car - Dinham.^[5]

• Richard Fitz Turold (died post 1103-6)
• William Fitz Richard, possibly son and heir, mentioned in deeds in 1110 and 1130, date of death unknown.^[6] It has been suggested that William's daughter and heiress became the wife of Reginald, Earl of Cornwall.^[7]
• Robert FitzWilliam (died c. 1169–77), recorded in 1166 Cartae Baronum to be holder of lands formerly held by Richard FitzTurold. In 1169 he and his son Robert made a gift to Tywardreath Priory in Cornwall.^[8]

• Robert "son of Robert FitzWilliam", who following his father's death paid in Devon a large feudal relief for his inheritance. In 1194 he was excused scutage on 71 knight's fees, approximately 71 separate manors, which were known to have been held from the successor of the Count of Mortain.^[9] A drawing of his seal, appendant to an undated (during reign of King Richard I^[10]) grant of his mill of Cardinam to the Priory of Tywardreath, is reproduced in Lysons, Magna Britannia, Volume 3: Cornwall. It shows an eagle displayed circumscribed by the words: SIGILL(UM) ROBERTI DE CARDINAN ("seal of Robert de Cardinan").^[11]
• Robert de Cardinan (died circa 1230), who in 1194 is recorded as heir of Robert FitzWilliam and exempt from payment of scutage. He made gifts to Tywardreath Priory in Cornwall.^[8]
• Andrew de Cardinan (died 1252-54), son and heir, who left a daughter Isolda de Cardinan (died post 1301) as his sole heiress.
• Thomas de Tracy (died 1263-70), first husband of Isolda de Cardinan, heiress of the Barony of Cardinan. At some time before the death of Thomas she had granted away her manors. Secondly she married William de Ferrers, probably the son of Reginald de Ferrers (died 1306) of Newton Ferrers, Devon and Shillingham, Cornwall.^[12]

• Oliver de Dinham, 1st Baron Dynham (1234–1299) of Hartland and Nutwell in Devon, to whom Isolda de Cardinham granted at some time before 1270 the barony of Cardinham and also Bodardle, stated in some records to be a separate barony.^[13] In 1270 his claim was disputed unsuccessfully by Hugh de Treverbin, son of Odo de Treverbin by his wife Emma de Cardinan, daughter of Andrew de Cardinan. His peerage title was not apparently hereditary.^[14]
• Joce de Dynham (1273–1301), son and heir.
• John Dynham (1295–1332), son.^[15]
• John Dynham (1318–1383).
• Sir John Dinham (1359–1428), whose effigy survives in St Mary's Church, Kingskerswell.
• Sir John Dinham (1406–1458), (son)
• John Dynham, 1st Baron Dynham (c. 1434 – 1501), summoned by writs of Kings Edward IV and Henry VII to attend parliaments from 28 February 1467 to 16 January 1497, the writs being addressed to Johanni Dynham de Care Dynham (i.e. Cardinham), by which he is held to have become Baron Dynham.^[16] He died without male progeny when his heirs became the descendants of his five sisters.

Sources

• Sanders, I.J. English Baronies: A Study of their Origin and Descent 1086–1327, Oxford, 1960, p. 110, Barony of Cardinham

References

1. Per writs of summons to parliament addressed to John Dynham, 1st Baron Dynham (c. 1434–1501), summoned by Kings Edward IV and Henry VII to attend parliaments from 28 February 1467 to 16 January 1497, the writs being addressed to Johanni Dynham de Care Dynham(Cokayne, The Complete Peerage, new edition,vol.IV, p.379)
2. Cokayne, The Complete Peerage, new edition, vol.IV, p.369
3. Quoted in Lysons, Magna Britannia, Vol.3: Cornwall, 1814, Extinct peers and baronial families
4. Quoted in Lysons, Magna Britannia, Vol.3: Cornwall, 1814, Extinct peers and baronial families, note 4
5. Quoted in Lysons, Magna Britannia, Vol.3: Cornwall, 1814, Extinct peers and baronial families, note 5
6. Sanders, p.110
7. Sanders, p.110, note 2
8. Sanders, p.110, note 4
9. Sanders, p.110, note 3
10. Lysons stated in error Richard II
11. Web site: General history: Extinct peers and baronial families - British History Online.
12. Sanders, p.110, note 6
13. In the Hundred Rolls, Vol.1, pp.56-7, per Sanders, p.110, note 7
14. Cokayne, The Complete Peerage, new edition, vol.IV, p.382 & note b
15. Sanders, p.110, note 7
16. Cokayne, The Complete Peerage, new edition, vol.IV, p.379